連作が可能で省力的なホウレンソウの養液栽培の実用化を検討した.
1.発芽に精度の高い水分管理を必要とし, しかも一次根の培地への貫入力の弱いホウレンソウに適した育苗装置と省力化が可能な栽培装置を開発した.
2.育苗装置は発泡スチロール製で長さ40cm, 幅15cm, 高さ3.5cmの2枚合わせとし, 合わせ面に生じる幅3mmの溝に1枚の布 (長さ36.5cm, 幅10cm) を挟んだ単純な構造である.
3.育苗装置を用いることにより, 発芽率が高く, 一次根の伸長も良好で播種した種子の70%以上が良苗として得られ, ホウレンソウ苗の安定生産が可能となった.
4.鉄パイプ製で高さ60cmの架台を組み, その上に根圏温度調節のための熱交換パイプをもつ幅30cm, 高さ8cmの発泡スチロール製の栽培ベッドを設置し, ホウレンソウの栽培装置とした.
5.本養液栽培システムでは, 定植作業が育苗装置を栽培装置の定植パネルにはめ込むだけで行え, 収穫作業も育苗装置ごと定植パネルから抜き取るだけで省力的に行える.また, 育苗装置を単位にホウレンソウを束ねることによって, 出荷のための調整作業が能率的に行えることを認めた.

抄録全体を表示

Effect of day/night temperature on bud and flower abscission in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was studied using four varieties, ‘New Ace, ’ ‘Fushimi Amanaga, ’ ‘Thai Chilli’ and ‘Oriental Glory.’ Plants were grown in phytotrons with day/night temperatures 37/27, 32/22, 27/17°C under natural day light. Bud-abscission percentage increased with increasing the temperature especially in Thai Chilli, while no apparent relationship between temperature and flowerabscission percentage was observed, indicating flower buds were susceptible to high temperature. Also, the effect of different night temperatures (27, 22, 17°C with a constant day temperature of 37°C) and different day temperatures (37, 32, 27°C with a constant night temperature of 22°C) on bud and flower abscission of Thai Chilli was investigated, individually. In the former experiment, night temperature was found to have effect on only flower-abscission percentage. In the latter experiment, bud-abscission percentage increased with increasing day temperature.
The effect of two plant growth regulators on bud and flower abscission were examined using the var. New Ace and Thai Chilli under two day/night temperatures (37/27 and 27/17°C) . Application of maleic hydrazide (MH) and silver thiosulfate (STS) did not affect bud and flower abscission in New Ace. Mean while, application of vegetative growth inhibitor, MH, affected flower abscission in Thai Chilli.
These results indicate that, bud and flower abscission of peppers under high temperature might be caused by a hormonal mechanism, a failure in fertilization of the flower and competition for assimilates between bud and young leaves. Low night temperature and application of plant growth regulators might have an effect on the competition for assimilates, resulting in bud and flower abscission.

抄録全体を表示

本研究は, 現行のトマトの栽培様式に適応したマニピュレータの基本機構の検討を行うことを目的としたものである.5自由度を有する垂直多関節型マニピュレータを基本として, 機構を変化させた数種のマニピュレータを対象に, 作動領域, 可操作度, 障害物回避空間, 冗長自由度空間および姿勢の多様度を用いて評価を行い, 以下のような結果を得た.
1.マニピュレータに回転関節を多く用いるほど, 柔軟性は増大し, 面積に関わる評価指標の値は高くなった.
2.すべての果実に対して, 障害物を回避し, 同様の条件のもとで作業するためには, 直動関節を含む機構のほうが望ましいことがわかった.
3.鉛直方向の直動関節に水平方向の直動関節を追加することにより, 直動関節の全ストロークを小さくすることが可能となり, ロボットのバランスも向上することがわかった.
本研究の一部は, 科学研究費, 奨励研究A (課題番号01760196) および試験研究B (課題番号04556036) の交付を受けた.ここに記して関係各位に感謝の意を表します.

抄録全体を表示

The authors made a non-steady state model of NH₃ and CO₂ gas balance in poultry house and performed simulation to show the effect of removal of manure on environment in poultry house. In this paper, “removal of manure”means to drop the manure on shelf to the 1st floor.
Figure 1 shows the assumed NH₃ gas balance in the simulation model of the poultry house where the authors performed measurements in March of 1992. The results of the measurements were reported in the previous paper (Aono et al., Environment Control in Biology, 31 (1), 31-42, 1993) . In the measurements, the authors removed the accumulating manure on shelf on March 15. March 11 was before the removal of manure and March 22 was after the removal of manure.
The measured and calculated NH₃ and CO₂ gas concentration inside the poultry house before the removal of manure is shown in Fig. 2. The same after the removal of manure is shown in Fig. 3. Table 1 is the calculated terms in NH₃ gas balance before and after the removal of manure, showing that NH3 gas generation from manure on shelf (NGM2) plays a major part to heighten NH₃ gas concentration at the 2nd floor before removal of manure.
March 11 was the 72nd day after the previous removal of manure. NH₃ gas concentration was calculated with relation of the days after removal of manure by means of estimating the surface area of accumulating manure. Figure 4 shows the calculated NH₃ gas concentration at the 2nd floor, indicating that removal of manure is needed every one month in order to keep allowable concentration of NH₃ gas (25 ppm) .

抄録全体を表示

房状に生育するトマトの果実を収穫するさい, 収穫対象物だけでなく, 隣接している対象物にも損傷を与えることのないハンドの開発を目的として, 収穫に必要となるトマトの物理的特性の測定を行ったのち, 吸着パッドを利用した2指ハンドを製作した.さらに, そのハンドをマニピュレータに装着して収穫実験を行った結果, 以下のことが知れた.
1.果実の果房内での移動量は, 平均すると約50mmであり, 果柄の長さと相関が高かった.
2.果実の離脱力は離層の断面積と相関が高く, XY, YZ, ZX平面内での離脱の順に大きな値となった.しかし, 離脱角度はYZおよびZX平面が90゜程度であるのに対し, XY平面では360～720°程度回転させる必要があった.
3.収穫実験の結果より, 本ハンドは房状になった果実においても, 隣接する果実, 茎葉等に損傷を与えることなく, 良好な収穫が可能であった.
4.パッド内の圧力およびパッドの位置を検出するセンサを装着すること等により, 本ハンドは改良されると考えられた.
本研究の一部は, 科学研究費, 試験研究B (課題番号04556036) の交付を受けた.ここに記して関係各位に感謝の意を表します.

抄録全体を表示

本研究は, 今後植物工場, 管理・収穫ロボット等に必要となる視覚センサの開発を目的として, キュウリを対象物とし, 種々の器官, 背景等が混在する画像中の果実の識別および認識実験を行った.まず, 識別実験では, 果実と茎葉の識別に適する波長帯域に透過率を有する2枚の干渉フィルタを用いて画像入力し, その濃度値を演算することにより, 2値画像を作成した.次に, その2値画像における塊状図形および線図形の特徴を生かした認識アルゴリズムの検討を行い, 次のような結果を得た.
1.550nmと850nmの干渉フィルタを利用することで果実と茎葉はほぼ識別可能であったが, 葉の表の色が濃い場合, 果実が黄緑色に近い場合, および果実が鏡面反射している場合等には, 2値画像上で識別困難となることがあった.
2.果実が鏡面反射している場合には, 850nmのフィルタを用いて入力した画像から濃度値の高い画素を利用することにより, 補正することが可能であった.
3.塊状図形の特徴量として, 面積, フェレ長比, 水平方向切片長を, 線図形の特徴量として, 長さ, 方向を複合して利用することにより, 果実はほぼ認識可能となった.
4.線図形における画素列の方向を考慮することにより, 分断された果実を結合することが可能で, 認識がいっそう正確かつ容易となった.
本研究の一部は, 科学研究費, 試験研究B (課題番号04556036) の交付を受けた.ここに記して関係各位に感謝の意を表します.

抄録全体を表示

Sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian Mammoth) were grown in two growth cabinets under natural light. One of the cabinets had windows with special glass which intercepted the radiation beyond 700 nm, and the other had windows with normal glass. The R (red) /FR (far-red) (600-700 nm/700-800 nm) photon flux ratio in the two cabinets were 2.6 and 1.2, respectively.
The stem length and plant height under the special glass were significantly shorter than those under normal glass. From this fact, it can be concluded that the R/FR ratio changed and plants became dwarfed by the interception of far-red irradiation. This special glass can be applied to the materials used in greenhouses for transplant production to avoid elongation in producing seedlings. It also can help in the maintenance, harvesting and other work involving trees in fruit greenhouses by making the trees dwarves.

抄録全体を表示

In order to form tubers of yam (Dioscorea opposita Thumb. cv. ‘Tanba’) in the air space of a culture box, plants were grown in solution culture. Results of experiment are as follows:
1) Compared with control of conventional soil production, about two times of tuber yields were obtained in solution culture.
2) The activities of α- and β-amylase of tuber grown in solution culture were lower than those of control. When tuber was grinded into “tororo, ” similar tendency was observed in the activity of polyphenol oxidase, since the browning reaction of solution cultured tuber was more slowly. These findings suggests that the yam tuber grown in solution culture is more suitable for food processing or cooking.

抄録全体を表示

Developing an efficient method of separating normally shaped somatic embryos from malformed ones is essential for automating the somatic embryo production procedures, and the method based on computer vision algorithm is expected as the strong candidate of the efficient method for this purpose.
Generalized Hough transform is known as the algorithm which is able to carry out very rapidly the procedure of template matching which is one of computer vision algorithm. BJcause the procedure of template matching seems to have several merits in application to the problem of selecting somatic embryos, e.g. the easiness of improvement of performance by changing templates, we tested the applicability of the procedure of template matching using the algorithm of generalized Hough transform in selecting somatic embryos by using real images of somatic embryos of carrot. As the result, our method could select out malformed somatic embryos fairly well, but it could not distinguish normally shaped somatic embryos and slightly malformed ones sufficiently.

抄録全体を表示

This study wvs carried out in order to investigate the effects of magnetic field on early growth of radish (Raplianus sativus L.) seedling. The water culture system (Hyponica 401) and exposing system of various kinds of magnetic field were prepared and set the mulch, made of holes of 4×7=28, fer leaf vegetable on it. And then, the radish seeds were sowed and grown in each of mulch holes. From the experimental results, we concluded that frequency of 7 Hz and magnetic field intensity of 450 A/m were best conditions.

抄録全体を表示