The purpose of this study was to clarify the concept and educational theory of food citizenship by organizing the definitions and concepts of previous studies of food citizenship within the theoretical framework of citizenship education from a human rights perspective.

  Based on this analysis, the study presented the following definition of food citizenship: “Food Citizenship is the right and responsibility of individuals to create sustainable food systems, from production to consumption, by understanding and acting on the principle that by making safe and nutritionally appropriate food choices, they can live in harmony with nature, secure their own lives, health and freedom, and secure equality and fairness in solidarity with others, communities and society.” Food citizenship practices contribute to shaping national and global culture, education, society, economics and politics to create a sustainable environment.

  Food education as ESD, based on the concept and educational theories of food citizenship, involves learning to think about and practice one's own rights, responsibilities, and obligations from the perspective of human rights across the stages of production, processing, distribution, consumption (cooking and eating), and disposal in dietary habits. This is considered human rights education that could be practiced with a real sense of responsibility, and education that would foster the ability to create a democratic, socially and economically just, and environmentally sustainable society.

  This paper analyzes the section on interior decoration in household education during the Meiji period, with a particular focus on the works of Shimoda Utako. The reason for examining Shimoda's works is that she devoted a large portion of her writings to interior decoration and included unique content. The analysis reveals two key findings. First, in reviewing approved household textbooks from the Meiji period as a whole, the position of “interior decoration” in household education was not absolute. Even when it was mentioned, the descriptions were significantly reduced compared to translated household textbooks, and the content was simplified when compared to general household books. Second, Shimoda's treatment of “interior decoration” in her work Kaseigaku (Home Economics) was notable for its emphasis on color theory, which preceded formal art education, and the process of adaptation to Western-style homes. In addition to scientific viewpoints, her color combinations reflected traditional Japanese values, and while her style increasingly incorporated Western elements, she also proposed a blend of Japanese and Western decorations.

  To investigate the effects of different weather background images on the perceived thermal sensation of clothing, a questionnaire survey was conducted using images of T-shirts in various colors. The results showed that the perceived thermal sensation was higher when sunny background images were used compared to snowy or rainy background images, regardless of the T-shirt color. In addition, men tended to perceive a higher thermal sensation than women when viewing brightly colored T-shirts, such as light blue, light green and white, against a clear sky background. Furthermore, when the participants were asked to write freely about their own perception of thermal sensation in an open-ended response after the questionnaire, approximately 95% of them indicated that they were aware of being influenced by the weather in the background images. It was also found that even participants who answered that they were not affected, the results showed that their thermal sensation was influenced, regardless of their awareness.