宮城県並びに全国の小中高校児童生徒の身長・体重・胸囲・座高について宮城県は昭28・33の両年度,全国は昭30・33の両年度を比較し,戦後の発育促進傾向を検討した。
1) 身長・体重・胸囲・座高におけるそれぞれの平均値を昭28または昭30と昭33の両年度について比較すると,宮城県・全国いずれも各年令層とも最近大きくなっている。しかしてその両年度の差は発育最盛期頃において顕著である。ただし,宮城県における小学校時代の胸囲のみは男女とも昭33の方が却って低下している年令がある。
2) 身長・体重・胸囲・座高における標準偏差及び変異係数については,小学校時代特にその低学年を除けば大体において発育期には年令と共に次第に増大し,発育最盛期頃に最大を示し,以後次第に小さくなる。すなわち発育期には固体差が大きくなる。
これを年度別に比較すると,一般に発育期には昭33の方が大であり,発育最盛期を過ぎると却って昭33の方が小さくなる。しかし全国における胸囲の場合のみは最盛期後においてもなお昭33の方が大である傾向が見られる。
3) 平均値より2倍の標準偏差の境界値を年度別に比較すると,身長においては宮城県・全国いずれも上下の境界値とも昭33の方が大である。
体重については,小学校時代では下の境界値のみは年令により異なり昭33が必ずしも大であるとは云えないが,上の境界値はすべての年令において昭33が大である。
胸囲については,宮城県の小学校時代では上述のごとく胸囲の平均値そのものが昭33の方が低下しているので上下境界値とも昭33の方が小さい。全国においてはかかる現象はないが,小学校ではやはり下の境界値は両年度非常に接近乃至逆転している。
座高については,大体において上下境界値とも昭33の方が大である。

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In order to investigate the genesis of the poison in the fish and shellfish from Minamata Bay biological and chemical properties were compared with mercury compounds experimentally accumulated in the control shellfish.
1) The mercury content in the shellfish Hormomya mutabilis (Gould) showed ca 100 ppm of dry weight at the end of 1959, but afterwards it decreased gradually and showed 30 ppm in August of 1960, probably on account of the completion of the waste treatment equipment of Minamata Factory. But in January of 1961, it increased again and showed 50 ppm, perhaps owing to the transitory suspension of the operation of the waste treatment.
2) Toxicity of mercury compounds to the short necked clam-Venus japonica (Deshayes) was observed. Venus could survive for about 1 week in the sea water containing mercury compounds at the rate of 0.3 ppm as Hg, and the mercury content in Venus showed ca 40-50 ppm of dry weight. Na₂S₂O₃ suppressed the toxicity of mercury compounds, but Ca-EDTA had no effect on it. The mercury content in Venus depended generally on the surviving period and not on the toxicity, but the accumulation of mercury in Venus cultured in the sea water containing alkyl mercury compounds had a tendency to be greater than that of other mercury compounds.
3) The mercury content in organs of the shellfish from Minamata Bay was higher in the nervous nodules than in other organs. But the mercury content in organs of the shellfish cultured in the sea water containing HgCl₂ was higher in the gills than in other organs.
4) The shellfish Venus cultured in the sea water containing HgCl₂ was administered to rats and mice. The distribution of mercury in organs of these animals had the higher content in the kidney and the liver.
5) The shellfish cultured in the sea water containing inorganic and organic mercury compounds were digested with pepsin at pH 1.6 and the digests were distilled with steam and the mercury in the digested fluids and that transferred into distillates were observed. Mercury was found in digested fluids and distillates of the shellfish which was accumulated with alkyl mercury compounds, especially with methyl mercury and ethyl mercury, but not with other organic and inorganic mercury compounds.
6) These results suggest that organic mercury compound accumulated in the shellfish has come directly from the sea water, and has not been synthesized from inorganic mercury compounds in the shellfish. And from results of the digestion and the steam distillation of the control shellfish cultured in the sea water containing many inorganic and organic mercury compounds, the organic mercury in the shellfish from Minamata Bay was supposed to be an alkylmercury compound, probably methyl or ethyl mercury compound.

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1) Some organic mercury compounds which are soluble in organic solvents were included in the waste from the acetic acid production plant of Minamata Factry. But these organic mercury compounds had no relation to Minamata disease.
2) Among organic mercury compounds which are considered to be produced in the process of the production of vinylchloride, ClHC: CHHgCl and (HgCl)₃CCHO were considered to have no relation to Minamata disease. But some intermediate product from these organic mercury compounds was very toxic to animals.
3) In muds of the drainage from Minamata Factory, an organic mercury compound was proved. And the chemical property of it resembled to that of the mercury compound extracted from the fish and shellfish from Minamata Bay.

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The present studies were made on the influence of thermal stress upon excretion of urinary glucuronic acid in male albino rabbits, weighing 2.5 to 4.6 kg. The animals were divided into two groups. One group was used for the experiment on seasonal variation. The other group was remained in chamber, where temperature could be controlled artificially, in order to study the responses by exposure to heat and cold.
Analyses of urinary glucuronic acid and ether glucuronide (OG) were carried out by the naphtoresorcin picrate method. The concentration of urinary glucuronic acid was expressed as G/C ratio in urine. Principal results were as follows.
1) G/C ratio in urine decreased markedly during the period from July to September. It was, on the contrary, found to increase during mid-winter, from December to February. There was a significant (P<0.05) inverse relationship between environmental temperature and G/C ratio in urine.
2) The fluctuation of OG/G ratio in urine could not be observed through the year. Namely, it seemed to be kept at the normal range even in summer.
3) After exposure to cold stress (about 10°C) for three days in summer, G/C ratio in urine increased rapidly and returned to the range of pre-experimental levels after cessation of exposure.
4) After exposure to heat stress (about 30°C) for three days in winter, G/C ratio in urine decreased and returned to the winter values after cassation of exposure.

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Methods engineering combined with motion and time study seems to play an important role for finding the economical way of performing the operation, standardizing the operation, and determining the time standard in industry. Motion time engineers sometime believe that the design or analysis of various industrial machines or tools should be determined by the application of methods engineering. However, they only concentrate their attention on the time factor in relation of man to machine, and not on the ratio of input to output of man-machine relationship.
So far as man-machine system, a minimal work unit, is concerned, the design of equipment should be evaluated not only in speed but in other ways, accuracy, comfort, safety and muscular force, so that the operator of such equipment will not be stressed beyond his physiological and psychological capabilities.

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