巻号一覧
43 巻, 5 号
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第3報 富山県神通川流域カドミウム汚染地住民の血液検査成績ならびに血圧値の検討,とくに尿細管障害の重症度との関連において青島 恵子, 加須屋 実1988 年 43 巻 5 号 p. 949-955
発行日: 1988/12/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーBlood biochemical analyses and the measurement of blood pressure were carried out in 86 female inhabitants of a cadmium-polluted area aged 55 to 71 years. The values for their urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-m) ranged from 0.5 to 137.7mg/g creatinine with a geometric mean of 7.6mg/g creatinine. Therefore, the subjects were. divided into four groups according to the concentration of β2-m in urine: group I, <3mg/g creatinine (n=23); group II, 3-10mg/g creatinine (n=28); group III, 10-30mg/g creatinine (n=19); and group IV, >30mg/g creatinine (n=16).
1) Red-cell count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value in group IV significantly decreased compared to the other 3 groups.
2) The GOT, GPT and γ-GTP activities in serum were in the normal range in all subjects. No significant differences among the 4 groups were detected in the results of serum total-protein concentration and protein analysis.
3) In group IV, the mean values for serum creatinine and β2-m were significantly elevated compared to the other 3 groups. In contrast, serum uric acid concentrations decreased with increasing urinary β2-m.
4) No significant differences were detected in the levels of serum Na, K, and Cl of the 4 groups. However, fractional sodium and potassium excretions were raised in group IV compared to the other 3 groups. Systolic and diastolic blood-pressure levels in group IV were the lowest among the 4 groups. Excessive renal sodium excretion due to renal tubular dysfunction may reduce the blood-pressure.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (873K) -
北小路 学, 三好 保, 棚田 成紀, 中村 武夫1988 年 43 巻 5 号 p. 956-961
発行日: 1988/12/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーパラコート中毒処置を目的として吸着剤の評価に関する研究を行った。40種の材料(活性炭,ゼオライト,モレキュラーシーブ,陽イオン交換樹脂等)を除去剤として使用し,in vitroにおける除去率,除去速度について検討した。
その結果,陽イオン交換樹脂が除去率,除去速度とも高値を示した。陽イオン交換樹脂によるパラコートの除去速度は,主に樹脂の架橋度によって支配されることが示唆された。また,ゲル型の陽イオン交換樹脂の方がポーラス(MR)型の樹脂より有利であることが見い出された。特に,ポリスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウムであるケイキサレートは,その外部表面積が大きいことにより,最大の除去率,除去速度を示した。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (664K) -
斎藤 征夫, 加藤 孝之, 岡本 和士, 前田 清, 大塚 亨, 高橋 玲, 岡本 伸夫, 柳生 聖子, 橋本 修二1988 年 43 巻 5 号 p. 962-968
発行日: 1988/12/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe purposes of this study are to clarify the obestic distribution of the sample population (subjects: 6, 272 persons; males: 4, 900: females: 1, 373, ages ranging from 20 to 68) and to examine the possible effects of the degree of the obesity on the various somatological factors of the obesity such as blood pressure, serum lipid, liver function, blood sugar, and uric acid.
The results obtained are the following:
1) The distribution of the obesity degree among the male population was similar regardless of the age groups except that of the age group in the 20s, which was relatively lower than the other groups, while the distribution among the females indicated a chronological rising curve in every age group.
2) The proportion of people who have high blood pressure, high serum lipid, liver disorder, high blood sugar, or high uric acid in the sampling population showed a rising curve as the degree of obesity rose, with some differences in terms of the sex.
3) The population curve of abnormality of the somatological factors listed above with the obesity degree of 140 percent or more among the male population declined in some cases, whereas the curve showed a rise among the female population.
4) The effect of obesity on the living body differ between the sexes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (812K) -
松島 文子, 飯塚 舜介, 船川 一彦, 能勢 隆之1988 年 43 巻 5 号 p. 969-978
発行日: 1988/12/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリー食器および調理器具から溶出するアルミニウム,シリコン量をフレームレス原子吸光法およびICP発光分析法により測定し,溶出条件の差異ならびに反復溶出試験による溶出量の変化,表面状態が溶出量に及ぼす影響について検討した。
1) 新品のアルマイトボール,ホウロウ引きボールからのアルミニウム溶出量は,溶出を反復したボールに比べ顕著に高値を示した。また溶出時間が長く,溶出温度が高くなるほどアルミニウム溶出量の増加傾向が認められた。冷蔵温度域における溶出量は極めて低値であり,経時的増加はほとんど認められなかった。冷蔵は食品の品質劣化の抑制のみならずアルミニウムの溶出量を低下させる点らも有用であることがわかった。
2) 調理器具,食器ともに使用形態が多様である。器具からの溶出によるアルミニウム摂取量を算出するために各種条件における単位表面積当たりの溶出速度を求めた。
3) 器具表面の細かい傷によりホウロウ引きボールからのアルミニウム濃度が増加し,ナイロンタワシ>クレンザー>無傷の順で高かった。溶出初期において特に著しい溶出を示す傾向が認められた。しかしアルマイトボールは日常の使用状態では傷が付きにくかった。
4) 煮沸用アルミニウム製調理器具のうち,アルミニウム厚板鍋においては32.5μg/ml,プリンカップから19.2μg/mlの比較的高いアルミニウム濃度が認められた。
5) ホウロウ引きボールからのシリコン溶出量はアルミニウムとほぼ同レベルであり,経時的変化においてもアルミニウムとほぼ同様の挙動が認められた。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1071K) -
小林 淑子, 児島 三郎, 山本 淳, 金田 吉男, 西野 幸典, 糸川 嘉則1988 年 43 巻 5 号 p. 979-986
発行日: 1988/12/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIn order to estimate human exposure to mercury, we must survey mercury intake from meals, especially from sea foods, as well as the total amount of mercury currently in the body. The information obtained by conventional analysis of hair samples is limited to mercury content accumulated for the past year within the body.
Accordingly, we tried to estimate the current mercury accumulation in the body from the mustache, a little of which can be sampled every day. Total mercury in about 5mg of mustache was determined by the furnace combustion, gold amalgamation and gas phase detection techniques which we devised to get high sensitivity to mercury. The recovery of 5ng of mercury was not lower than 98%, and each examination was finished within 4 minutes. When we applied the technique to mustache samples obtained from 7 adults, the total mercury contents were 1-4μg/g with a daily variation of 10%. The intake of 100g of tuna meat resulted in a significant growth in the level of the total mercury concentration in the mustache sampled on the seventh to tenth days after the intake. This phenomenon suggests that we may be able to estimate the date on which mercury-containing meals are taken.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (855K) -
嚴 善〓, 林 恭平, 渡辺 能行, 小笹 晃太郎, 東 あかね, 青池 晟, 川井 啓市, 松永 栄1988 年 43 巻 5 号 p. 987-994
発行日: 1988/12/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe purposes of this study were to discover dietary factors which induce or suppress the development of liver cancer, and to analyze the features of the geographic distribution of liver cancer death and related factors. First, the relation between liver cancer mortality and food consumption was analyzed by correlation coefficient analysis. Multiple regression and principal component analyses were applied to variables, including green tea and oranges, selected from the above analyses, and liver cirrhosis, HBsAg positivity and alcohol. The data used were from 46 prefectures in Japan. The main findings were as follows;
1. A negative correlation was found between the consumption of green tea and liver cancer mortality, while a positive correlation was found between the consumption of oranges and liver cancer mortality.
2. Among the factors related to liver cancer mortality, liver cirrhosis death was the greatest positive factor, and green tea was the most negative one by multiple correlation analysis.
3. Orenges, liver cancer mortality and liver cirrhosis mortality were shown to have great factor loadings by principal component analysis.
4. A correlation was found between HBsAg positivity and liver cancer mortality. HBsAg positivity and alcohol were shown to have great factor loading in the second component by principal component analysis.
5. The geographic distribution of liver cancer deaths was associated with the environment, climate, dietary habits and food consumption of each district.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (959K) -
第1報 受診経験の有無による比較研究小笹 晃太郎1988 年 43 巻 5 号 p. 995-1003
発行日: 1988/12/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe characteristics of two groups classified as participants and nonpartieipants (>30 years of age) in a multiphasic health examination (MHE) conducted in a rural town in Kyoto Prefecture (1983-87) were compared. The purposes of this study were (a) to clarify whether there was a bias towards self-selection in the participant group and (b) to determine whether the participants did indeed represent persons who needed to be screened by MHE.
The participants (592 males, 839 females) examined at least once (1983-87) tended to be older than the nonparticipants (1282 males, 1222 females). In 1985, 526 male (88%) and 755 female (89%) participants, and 987 male (76%) and 960 (78%) female nonparticipants responded to a questionnaire that included the following: social factors, past history of diseases and present illnesses, and smoking, drinking, and dietary habits. Selected from among those respondents were 472 male and 580 female participants who were subsequently matched with a corresponding number of nonparticipants according to sex, age in 1985 (within a range of 3 years) and location in the town. Analyses using McNemar's test and the multivariate analysis of the quantification method of Hayashi were performed.
Firstly, the factors which included occupation, e. g., farmer or lumberjack, workplace (in the town), participation in the town health service system, family members, and the number of rooms in the house were the most important predictors for participation. Secondly, the participants tended to have a past history of diseases, a higher incidence of present illnesses, and they frequently visited medical facilities. This showed that they perceived the efficacy of MHE because of their previous contact with diseases. Thirdly, participants showed a more positive behavior pattern for health, including better dietary habits, e. g., limited salt intake, and eating more fish, vegetables, beans, fruit and seaweed. This behavior seemed to decrease the risk for chronic diseases.
Fewer white-collar workers in the prime of life were examined, but it seemed to he difficult to increase their participation because of their occupations and workplaces. Therefore, the occupation seemed to be a major confounding factor in the understanding of the role of the other predictors for participation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1103K) -
第2報 受診行動の変化にもとづいた比較研究小笹 晃太郎1988 年 43 巻 5 号 p. 1004-1012
発行日: 1988/12/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーTwo different types of health examinations were performed in a rural town in Kyoto Prefecture. The first involved a blood pressure (BP) check, and body height and weight measurements (1978-82); the other was a multiphasic health examination (MHE) conducted between 1983 and 1987. The characteristics of the two groups were surveyed by questionnaire in 1985, and blood pressure (BP) and obesity index (OI; real body weight/standard×100) examined in BP checks (1978-82), were compared in this study. Group I, consisted of those who had participated in a BP check at least once previously (1978-82) and also in a MHE at least once (1983-87); Group II, consisted of those who had participated in a BP check at least once, but not in a MHE for the corresponding periods. The purpose of this study was to clarify the health conditions for each group in order to determine whether the participants did indeed represent persons who needed to be screened by MHE.
The subjects were selected from among those who responded to a questionnaire that included the following: social factors: past history of diseases and present illnesses, and smoking, drinking, and dietary habits. Group I consisted of 237 males and 390 females who were matched according to sex and age in 1985 (within a range of 3 years), location in the town, and the frequency of BP checks for 1978-82 (within 1 time), with a corresponding number of subjects in Group II. Analyses using McNemar's test and the multivariate analysis of the quantification method of Hayashi were performed for factors in the questionnaire. The rates of hypertensive people (>140mmHg in systole, or >90mmHg in diastole) and obese people (>110%) were also compared between Groups I and II.
The most important predictors for male and female participation in the MHE were the tendency to have a past history of diseases and a higher incidence of present illnesses, and they frequently visited medical facilities. Group I females demonstrated a more positive behavior pattern for health in dietary habits and were more likely to participate in the health service system. The BP levels and OI in Group I were not different from those in Group II. These findings suggest that Group I people took better care of their health and participated in the MHE because of their previous contact with diseases, and also suggest that Group II females had a possibly increased risk of chronic disease because they demonstrated a less positive behavior pattern toward health in dietary habits.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1101K) -
三好 保, 藤井 正信, 今木 雅英, 吉村 武, 山田 勇樹, 中村 武夫, 山崎 亮二, 松本 和興1988 年 43 巻 5 号 p. 1013-1018
発行日: 1988/12/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーFour young male adults were fed a semisynthetic diet including rice and chicken as protein for seven days (Basal diet period), and in the following seven days 30g of corn oil and then for seven days 30g of lard were added at the expense of part of the corn starch and sugar in the basal diet (Test diets period). Urine and feces were collected completely throughout the periods and the contents of fat and energy in these excreta were determined. The results obtained were follows:
1) Digestibility of fat was 98.8% (corn oil) and 100.0% (lard).
2) The ratio of the total available energy to intake energy (Net Energy Avaiability) was 98.8% (corn oil) and 98.0% (lard).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (622K) -
脇阪 一郎, 柳橋 次雄, 安藤 哲夫, 泊 惇, 波多野 浩道1988 年 43 巻 5 号 p. 1019-1027
発行日: 1988/12/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIn order to answer the following two questions: 1) Does significant spouse concordance for blood pressure exist? and 2) If so, does the shared marital environment offer a plausible explanation for the observed concordance?, we conducted a survey of the inhabitants of remote islands in Kagoshima prefecture. A total of 63 husband-wife pairs living together were covered. Each member underwent an individual interview for food intake and measurements of blood pressure, height and weight. Samples of blood and urine were obtained from each person and analysed for serum cholesterol level, fatty acid compositions in serum lipid and the concentrations of urinary sodium, potassium and creatinine excretions. The following findings were made:
1) When the 63 spouse pairs were classified into two groups using the age of the husband, a statistically significant spouse concordance for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was found among the spouse pairs in which the husband's age was 60 years or older, when the common environment had been shared for a long time. However, the spouse concordance for blood pressure was not significant among the spouse pairs in which the husband's age was less than 60 years.
2) Statistically significant correlations were demonstrated between husband-wife pairs across all age groups for the daily intakes of fish, vegetables, meat and oil. However, the correlation of daily edible salt intake was significant only among the spouse pairs in which the husband's age was less than 60 years.
3) When viewed across all age groups, significant positive correlations were demonstrated between husbands and wives for the proportion of sodium to potassium in urine and icosapentaenoic acid (20:5) to arachidonic acid (20:4) in serum lipid, but no spouse concordance was present for serum cholesterol level and the obesity index.
4) From the facts mentioned above, the observed concordance of blood pressure among the spouse pairs in which the husband's age was 60 years or more could not be fully explained by the shared environment on the basis of spouse concordance of food intake.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1084K) -
岡本 和士, 柳生 聖子, 大野 和子, 岡本 伸夫, 高橋 玲, 大塚 亨, 前田 清, 斎藤 征夫, 加藤 孝之1988 年 43 巻 5 号 p. 1028-1035
発行日: 1988/12/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーWe examined the relationship of body fat distribution to lipid metabolism in 50 obese women who participated in a weight reduction program.
Body fat distribution was assessed by measurement of the waist-to-hip size ratio (WHR), minimal waist size and maximal hip size measured in a standing position.
Obese women were separated into two subgroups by WHR; predominantly upper- or lower-body-segment obesity (UBSO or LBSO).
After adjusting for ideal body weight, we found significantly high correlations with WHR (r=0.82, p<0.01), serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, VLDL and ApoB, which were significantly higher in UBSO; while HDL-ch and ApoA-1 were significantly lower in UBSO than LBSO.
However, in UBSO, serum triglyceride and A. I. were significantly decreased; and HDL-ch was significantly increased after weight reduction.
In conclusion, we suggested that the site of fat predominance offers a better diagnostic or prognostic marker for lipid metabolism abnormality than the degree of obesity alone.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (981K) -
竹森 幸一, 仁平 將, 三上 聖治, 佐々木 直亮1988 年 43 巻 5 号 p. 1036-1041
発行日: 1988/12/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーA simple method for measuring 24-hour urinary excretions of salt and potassium in field surveys was investigated. Six adults (four women and two men) engaged in the collection of 24-hour urine for seven days using a portable semiautomatic urine sampling cup (Urinemate P). A filter paper strip was soaked in the urine inside the upper compartment of the cup for every excretion and a free volume of urine was collected. NaCl/creatinine, K/creatinine, NaCl, K and creatinine (Cr) of 24-hour urine were calculated from the urine volume and Na, K and Cr concentrations in the urine inside the lower compartment of the cup. Urinary NaCl/Cr and K/Cr were calculated by a simple method from the concentrations of Na, K and Cr in the solution extracted from a day's filter paper strips. By multiplying the above ratios of NaCl/Cr and K/Cr by 24-hour Cr excretion predicted from the equations of Kawasaki et al., 24-hour urinary excretions of NaCl and K were obtained by our simple method.
The correlation coefficients between the simple method and the 24-hour control of NaCl were from 0.872 (p<0.05) to 0.951 (p<0.001) for six subjects. These results show that this simple method is useful for the determination of NaCl in field surveys over a long period of time. While the correlation coefficients for K were significant for four subjects (from 0.760, p<0.05 to 0.898, p<0.01), they were not significant for two female subjects (0.654 and 0.557). It was shown that further improvement was necessary for the determination of K.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (629K) -
第2報 粒子状物質の拡散性状喜多 義邦1988 年 43 巻 5 号 p. 1042-1052
発行日: 1988/12/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clarify the dispersion properties of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the vicinity of the Meishin expressway, a) the relationship between SPM concentration and the traffic volume of each type of automobile was studied, b) the density distribution of each size of particle was compared with that of nitrogen dioxyde (NO2), Which was the most representative gaseous pollutant from mobile sources, and c) the actual concentrations of particles were compared with the concentrations calculated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) dispersion model in which the effect of gravity on the particles was included. The results were as follows;
1) A statistically significant and positive correlation were shown only between the traffic volume of large vehicles and the concentrations of fine particles under 1.6μm.
2) At all the measured points, fine particles under 0.7μm in diameter accounted for 44.8% to 65.8% of the total SPM. It was observed that these particles showed a distinct concentration-distance profile with the increase of the average wind velocity.
3) As the particle size became smaller, the correlation coefficient between the concentrations of particles and NO2 concentrations became larger. In the case of fine particles under 5.4μm in diameter, the coefficient of correlation was extremely high and was statistically significant.
4) In the case of fine paricles under 5.4μm in diameter, the coefficient of correlation between the measured and calculated concentration of each size of particle was extremely high and was statistically significant. In accordance with the facts described above, it was suggested that the dispersion behavior of fine particles under 1.6μm could be well explained in the same manner as gaseous pollutants, and it was proved that these particles were derived from large vehicles with diesel engines.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1345K) -
加藤 貴彦, 井上 尚英, 松岡 雅人, 森 晃爾, 田中 勇武, 松野 康二, 児玉 泰1988 年 43 巻 5 号 p. 1053-1057
発行日: 1988/12/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe present study was undertaken to investigate glutathione content and lipid peroxidation in rat livers after chronic inhalation of ethylene oxide.
Male wistar rats were exposed to 500ppm ethylene oxide 6 hours a day 3 times a week for 13 weeks. In order to exclude the supressed gain of body weight, this study was done using pair-fed rats. Clinical investigation revealed that liver function was maintained at the normal levels. That is, both reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione in the liver were not changed after 40 hours exposure. However, the level of malondialdehyde in the liver homogenate increased to 54% of that of control animals. Among intracellular fractions, the increased level of malondialdehyde in the total cell reflects that of the microsomal fraction. This result indicates that ethylene oxide exposure enhanced lipid peroxidation in the microsomal fraction of the liver.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (589K)
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