巻号一覧
35 巻, 5 号
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竹森 幸一1980 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 721-727
発行日: 1980/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーA filter paper absorption method (FPM) for collecting and transporting urine samples was designed and used in a field survey.
Fifty samples of urine, 10μl and 40μl were absorbed with 3.5×1.5cm (Na and K) and 5.5×1.3cm (Creatinine) No. 6 Toyo filter papers (Toyo Roshi Co., Ltd.). Two weeks after absorption, Na and K were extracted from the filter paper by immersion in either 5ml distilled water or 5ml distilled water to which about 0.03ml of concentrated HCl had been added. The amounts were measured by flame photometry. Creatinine (Cr) was extracted from the filter paper by immersion in 10ml distilled water in a test tube and the amount measured by Jaffe's method. Cr, Na, and K concentrations and Na/K, NaCl/Cr, K/Cr ratios obtained by the FPM were compared with control results as obtained by directly diluting urine specimens.
Correlation coefficients of the above values between FPM and control ranged between 0.990 and 0.998. Cr concentrations obtained by the FPM decreased as storage time increased until they showed a 9.2% decrease over the control at 8 weeks after original absorption. Otherwise, the correlation of Cr between the control and FPM showed high degrees of significance at any point during storage. There were, however, no significant changes in the Na and K concentrations over storage time, and the same values for the control were obtained by the addition of HCl. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between control and FPM where HCl had not been added in the ratios of Na/K, NaCl/Cr and K/Cr, although significantly higher values from the FPM than for the control were obtained when HCl had been added.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (793K) -
(第一報) 珪肺有所見者の実態調査中川 秀昭1980 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 728-736
発行日: 1980/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of and to classify the types of silicosis patients who were working at that time as migrant workers*) in the eastern part of Toyama Prefecture.
Questionaires were sent to all male inhabitants aged 30 or over in the selected area. Eighty-eight percent of the questionaires were answered and returned. Based on the results, 246 inhabitants were selected as migrant workers with experience in jobs where they were exposed to large amounts of dust. Chest roentgenography and subjective symptoms were examined in these subjects.
The results obtained were follows;
(1) Five hundred and six of the respondents (36%) had worked as migrant workers. Of these, 333 men (66%) had worked in jobs with exposure to dust. Of this number, 296 (89%) had worked in tunnels.
(2) The prevalence of respiratory disease symptoms was greater for men who had worked in jobs with exposure to dust than for those who were not migrant workers and whose jobs did not expose them to dust.
(3) Of the 246 migrant workers whose jobs exposed them to dust, 195 silicosis cases (79%) were found by chest roentgenographic examination. Silicosis is classified into four types according to the national Pneumoconiosis Law on the basis of chest roentgenographic findings. These patients included 77 cases of type 1, 65 cases of type 2, 38 cases of type 3 and 15 cases of type 4 silicosis.
(4) The prevalence of disease symptoms in the silicosis patients included; cough 43%, phlegm 41%, shortness of breath 43%, palpitations 15% and wheezing in 19% of the cases. The silicosis patients showed a higher frequency of respiratory disease symptoms than those dust-exposed workers who did not evidence signs of silicosis.
(5) The silicosis patients were found in 96% of the migrant workers whose exposure to dust lasted a period of more than 20 years, 84% in men whose work was between 10 and 19 years and 62% in men who had worked less than 10 years.
(6) The silicosis in 141 cases (72% of the total number of disease patients) was first detected during the examinations in the course of this research.
*) Migrant workers are known in japanese as “dekasegi”. This term refers to workers who migrate seasonally from thier home towns to areas where work is more available.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1317K) -
(第二報) 珪肺有所見者の肺機能障害中川 秀昭1980 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 737-745
発行日: 1980/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThree hundred and fourteen male seasonal migrant workers who were working in jobs that exposed them to large amounts of dust were used as subjects. As the control group, 63 male migrant workers who had no dust-exposure experience and who showed no abnormalities in chest roentgenographic examinations were studied. All participants were aged 40 to 79.
Chest roentgenographic examinations and pulmonary function tests were performed on all participants.
Two hundred and eighty cases of silicosis patients were found by chest roentgenographic examination of migrant workers who had worked in jobs that exposed them to dust. Silicosis is classified into four types according to the national Pneumoconiosis Law on the basis of chest roentgenographic findings. These patients included 72 cases of type 1, 77 cases of type 2, 76 cases of type 3 and 55 cases of type 4 silicosis.
The prevalence of respiratory disease symptoms in the silicosis patients included; cough 44%, phlegm 46%, wheezing 21%, shortness of breath 46% and persistent cough with phlegm in 29% of the cases. The frequency of disease symptoms of silicosis patients was significantly greater than that for migrant workers without the disease as well as the controls. The frequency of symptoms (especially shortness of breath and persistent cough with phlegm) increased as roentgenographic findings worsened.
For pulmonary function test, the mean spirometric indicators (FVC, %VC, FEV1, FEV1%) and flow-volume curve indicators (V50, V50/Ht, V25, V25/Ht) for the silicosis patients aged 40 to 59 were significantly lower than those for controls of the same aged group.
For arterial blood gas analysis, the mean values of AaDO2 for the silicosis patients aged 40 to 59 were significantly higher than for controls of the same age group.
The mean values for FVC, %VC, FEV1, T50, V50/Ht, V25 and V25/Ht decreased as roentgenographic findings worsened.
But there was no significant difference in pulmonary function for the silicosis patients aged 60 to 79 years when compared to controls in this aged range.
Twenty-two percent of the silicosis showed serious pulmonary function impairments.
Of thirteen indicators of spirometry, flow-volume curve and arterial gas analysis, six indicators (FEV1, FEV1%, V50, V50/Ht, V25 and V25/Ht) seem to be useful in the early detection of pulmonary function disorders. Eight indicators (FVC, %VC, FEV1, V50, V50/Ht, V25, V25/Ht and AaDO2) seem to be correlate with roentgenographic findings. These results suggest that in particular FVC, FEV1, V50/Ht, V25/Ht and AaDO2 are useful for evaluting the pulmonary impairments caused by exposure to dust.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1342K) -
畑中 久勝, 金田 吉男1980 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 746-751
発行日: 1980/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーニンニクの殺菌作用及び血液毒などの副作用は有臭成分アリシンによるとされ, 一方, 脱コレステロール, 細胞再生などの有用な生化学的作用は無臭結晶性のスコルジニンに由来すると小湊は報告した。そのため, スコルジニンは広くドリンク剤などの健康食品に配合されているが, それら製品中のスコルジニン定量法はいまだ確立されていない。
スコルジニンをアルカリ加水分解するとき, 再現性よく生成する乳酸量を指標とする健康食品中のスコルジニン定量法を検討した。即ち, 加水分解物溶液中の乳酸を乳酸脱水素酵素を用いて定量し, 別に求めた乳酸とスコルジニンとの対応関係を利用して, 試料中のスコルジニン含量を算出する方法を確立した。検液中の塩化ナトリウム (約1%) は乳酸の定量を妨害せず, また試料由来の紫外線吸収物質は超遠沈 (12,000G) で除去できた。
本法を市販のスコルジニン含有粉末状製品1種及び錠剤2種に適用してみたところ, その含量はいずれも表示量に対して含量許容偏差内の値であった。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (697K) -
重田 定義, 三澤 哲夫, 相川 浩幸, 横山 真理子1980 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 752-760
発行日: 1980/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of learning schedules on operant behavior in rats administered lead were studied. Two groups of animals received 2mg/ml or 5mg/ml of lead acetate until 21 days of age while suckling, and directly in drinking water, after weaning, from 21 to 60 days of age.
Four learning schedules, continious reinforcement (CRF), fixed interval (FI), Sidman avoidance (SA) and negative fixed-interval (N-FI) were used as behavioral test.
After the 61st day, lever press learning patterns were examined, and both the revised acquisition rate [(number of acquisitions/desired number of reinforcements)×(number of acquisitions/total responses)×100] and the revised avoidance rate [(number of avoidances/desired number of reinforcements)×(number of avoidances/total responses)×100] were calculated for each one hour session. Five sessions were recorded for the SA schedule and 10 sessions for the other three types.
The results are as follows: 1. A CRF schedule is easily learned and no significant difference is seen between the learning patterns of controls and those groups administered lead. 2. Although the Sidman avoidance schedule is also easily learned, differences in avoidance acquisition between controls and experimental groups were found during the initial stages of the test sessions. The number of shocks received seems to be a better parameter to evaluate learning patterns than responses. 3. Although both FI and N-FI schedules are useful in evaluating lead toxicity in the central nervous system, the N-FI schedule has the advantage that no prior water deprivation is necessary. It is suggested that the revised acquisition rate and revised avoidance rate are better parameters than the responses to evaluate learning patterns for either of these two schedules.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1270K) -
武川 昭男, 能川 浩二, 萩野 昇1980 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 761-773
発行日: 1980/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーBone biopsies were performed on four women who lived in the cadimium-polluted Jinzu River basin and for whom blood and urinary tests showed the same results as those of officially recognized Itai-itai patients. Bone specimens were taken from femurs and fixed in cyanuric chloride in methanol containing 1% N-methylmorpholine and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Three of them showed abnormal osteoid tissue increases and findings were consistent with osteomalacia. Bone atrophy was also observed. These results indicate that there may be a large number of people who should be treated as actual Itai-itai patients in the Jinzu River basin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (26327K) -
清水 英佑, 永山 和之, 鈴木 孝之, 竹村 望1980 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 774-781
発行日: 1980/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーMutagenicity tests were performed using Ames' Salmonella typhimurium, strains TA98 and TA100, on the pyrolysis products of 4 fresh vegetables, boiled rice, seaweed, soy sauce, as well as three amino acids (alliin, methyiin and S-methyl-L-cysteine) and tetrafractane which are contained in garlic.
Pyrolysis products of garlic, onion and seaweed were mutagenic to TA98 and TA100 only with S-9 Mix which consists of rat liver microsomes and some metabolic enzymes.
Pyrolysates of the three amino acids contained in garlic were mutagenic, and this was especially strong for the pyrolysate of S-methyl-L-cysteine.
Differences in mutagenicity of soy sauce pyrolysates as dependent on the duration of heating and temperature were investigated: Strongest mutagenicity was observed when soy sauce was heated for 30min. at 400°C.
Checking the production of Soy sauce mutagens when heated in a frying pan, it was found that the longer the frying pan was preheated, the stronger was the production of mutagens.
All of the pyrolysates tested revealed mutagenicity by metabolic activation in the presence of S-9 Mix.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (995K) -
山内 徹1980 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 782-793
発行日: 1980/12/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーPhosvel is an organophosphorus pesticide known to produce delayed neurotoxicity. The author of this paper have previously reported that the residues or accumulations of Phosvel were detected in the adipose tissue of hens to which it had been administrated. This earlier investigation has suggested that the relationsphip between the delayed neurotoxicity of the pesticide and the role of adipose tissue in animals treated with the compound is an important problem to concider.
In this study, neurotoxicity levels of Phosvel in three groups of hens, each given a different dosage, were compared. The groups consisted of seven subgroups of 5 birds each. After forced tube-feeding for 3 to 4 weeks, the first group was given 100, 150, 200, 300 and 500mg/kg body wt. of Phosvel. The another subgroup was given salad oil as a control. This is known as the ‘obese group’. After fasting for 2 weeks, the second group was put under the same regimen-the ‘thin group’. The third group was fed normally and was also put under the above regimen-the ‘normally fed group’.
In the subgroups which received a single dose of 100mg/kg of Phosvel, there were no abnormal hens. However, after a single dose of 150mg/kg, 2 out of the 5 hens in the normally fed group and 3 out of 5 in the thin group showed signs of ataxia and one of the normally fed group died. There were no abnormals in the obese group. Furthermore, hens which had received doses of 200mg/kg or more showed signs of even severer damage, especially those of the thin group. Of this group, 4 out the 5 birds treated with a single dose of 200mg/kg and all birds treated with 300 or 500mg/kg showed severe paralysis and died by 26th day after receiving the peticide. Before death, such hens were unable to recover the weight lost during the fast period.
The incidence of delayed neurotoxicity in each group was 17/25 for the thin group, 8/25 for the obese group and 12/25 for the normally fed group. Mortality rates were 14/25 for the thin group, 1/25 for the obese group and 5/25 for the normally fed group. The thin group of animals with the smallest amount of fat tissue and which received that lowest dose of Phosvel in terms of brain weight showed significantly greater neurotoxicity.
The results of present study suggest the following;
1) Phosvel administrated to hens attacks the target organ i.e. the brain, soon after its administration.
2) The possibility must be considered that there is increased sensibility to organophosphorus compounds when the fat tissue of animals is consumed by fasting, if the toxic effects of such compounds have been experimentally determined.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2092K) -
1980 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 794
発行日: 1980年
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (57K)
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