巻号一覧
49 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1～7を表示しています
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柳川 洋1995 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 950-959
発行日: 1995/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーSince 1972, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of the Japanese Government has been promoting researches on the etiology of and treatment for so-called intractable diseases of unknown causes for which no specific medical treatment is established.
The Research Committee of the Epidemiology of Intractable Diseases was first organized in 1976. The committee has continuously undertaken researches on the epidemiology of these diseases. The paper shows examples of the results of the research projects of the committee.
The frequency and distribution of the patients with intractable diseases were estimated by the statistics of patients receiving financial subsidies, national patient surveys and nationwide hospital surveys. Descriptive epidemiology of examples of the diseases are shown.
Case-control studies for selected diseases have been conducted by the Research Committee with the cooperation of health centers and university hospitals to which members of the committee belonged. A few examples are given in this report.
Pathologists and epidemiologists are exploring the possibility of applying autopsy registration data to epidemiological studies. Examples of such studies are also given.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5243K) -
城戸 照彦1995 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 960-972
発行日: 1995/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーEffects of exposure to cadmium (Cd) in the general environment on health have been studied in several Cd-polluted areas in Japan. In this paper, results of investigations in the Kakehashi River basin, Ishikawa, a Cd-polluted area, are mainly reviewed as follows.
1. In an epidemiological study, prevalences of β2-microglobulinuria (β2-MG-uria) were 14. 3 and 18.7% in Cd-exposed men and women over 50 years of age, respectively, when a cutoff level of β2-MG of 1000μg/g.cr. was used. These values are significantly high compared with those of nonexposed subjects.
2. Using several urinary indicators of renal function, such as α1-microglobulin, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, human intestinal alkaline phosphatase, mucoprotein and albumin, levels of all indicators were significantly higher in Cd-exposed subjects than in nonexposed subjects. Furthermore, in a 5-year follow-up study, irreversibility of Cd-induced renal damage was shown after the level of β2-MG rose above 1000μg/g.cr.
3. Exposure to Cd caused marked osteopenia, in particular in women, as assessed by microdensitometry, and this osteopenia was significantly associated with Cd-induced renal dysfunction. Serum 1α, 25 dihydroxy-vitamin D levels were lower and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were higher in Cd-exposed subjects with renal damage than in nonexposed subjects. We assume that disturbances in vitamin D and PTH metabolism may be one of the causative factors for Cd-induced bone damage.
4. The dose-response relationships between Cd exposure and renal dysfunction were assessed using several statistical methods such as simple linear regression, probit linear regression, logistic regression analysis and general linear models. The prevalences of β2-MG-uria or metallothioneinuria were employed as indices of health effects, while urinary Cd and total Cd intake was used as indicators of Cd exposure. As the biological threshold, urinary Cd concentrations were calculated to be 3.8-4.2μg/g.cr. in men and 3.8-4.8μg/g.cr. in women, and a maximum allowable intake of about 2g Cd is considered to be a reasonable estimate for preventing Cd-induced renal dysfunction.
5. A significant association was found between urinary β2-MG and mortality in a 9-year follow-up study of 3178 Cd-exposed inhabitants, using Cox's proportional hazards model. Moreover, mortality rates increased in proportion to increases in the amount of urinary β2-MG excreted. These results suggest that the prognosis for Cd-exposed subjects with renal tubular dysfunction is unfavorable.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1633K) -
山内 博1995 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 973-983
発行日: 1995/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThis review will describe method for biological monitoring of inorganic arsenic exposure, that delineates the chemical species of arsenic measured in urine. The studies established a method for exposure-level-dependent biological monitoring of inorganic arsenic exposure. Low-level exposure could be monitored only by determining the urinary inorganic arsenic concentration. High-level exposures clearly produced increased urinary inorganic arsenic, methylated arsenic (MA), dimethylated arsenic (DMA) and the sum of urinary inorganic arsenic and its metabolites (inorganic arsenic+ MA+ DMA) could be determined. Urinary arsenobetaine proved to be specifically seafood-derived arsenic, which could be distinguished from occupational arsenic exposure.
There is increased use of gallium arsenide and indium arsenide in the semiconductor industry today. The determination of arsenic in ambient air is difficult to carry out in semiconductor factories. Monitoring arsenic exposure by determining the arsenic in the hair appeared to be of value only when used for environmental monitoring of arsenic rather than for biological monitoring.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4224K) -
Kimio TARUMI, Akihito HAGIHARA, Kanehisa MORIMOTO1995 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 984-997
発行日: 1995/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーTo clarify the effects of lifestyle on care-seeking behavior, we conducted a questionnaire survey using Morimoto's 8 lifestyle factors and tabulated the medical evaluations at annual medical checkup of 1212 male white-collar employees of a company (aged 21-60 years in 1991), and then extracted the health insurance data for these subjects for the first half of 1992 from the health insurance-carrier computer system. The percentage of employees who visited medical facilities, the number of days of medical care, and the medical fees reported on the health insurance claims were chosen as indices of care-seeking bahavior, and the relationship of each index to lifestyle and medical checkup data was examined.
The health practice index (HPI), which was obtained by summing the scores for the 8 lifestyle factors was associated with the medical evaluation as expected, but was inversely correlated with the indices of care-seeking behavior. The percentage of employees who visited medical facilities, the number of the days of medical care, and the total medical fees were all higher for the subjects with high HPI scores than for those with low HPIs. Our findings are consistent with those of other researchers who have found an inverse relationship between tobacco smoking and health insurance claims, which has been attributed to the degree of conciousness of health. Compared to smokers, non-smokers have high consciousness of health and tend to consult a doctor more frequently, with resulting increased frequency of medical facility consultation and days of medical care, as well as medical fees. Lifestyle is an important aspect of physical and mental health status. The effects of lifestyle on various health care issues, including care-seeking behavior, as well as means of incorporating lifestyle effectively in health care, require further investigation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1560K) -
山縣 然太朗, 飯島 純夫, 浅香 昭雄, 小林 一久1995 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 998-1003
発行日: 1995/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーRecently pepsinogens have been considered to be effective markers of terminal differentiation of stomach mucosa, and also good markers of preneoplastic and neoplastic changes of the stomach mucosa, Not a few studies concerning polymorphisms of pepsinogen A and C genes have been reported, however, as far as the authors are aware, no study was performed as to the relation between polymorphisms and serum pepsinogen I and II levels. Polymorphisms of the pepsinogen C (PGC) gene were identified by PCR, which amplifies DNA in the region within the intron between exon 7 and exon 8, and 6% polyacrylamide gel (no urea) electrophoresis. Six alleles were observed in the Japanese population. Frequencies for these alleles in 221 unrelated Japanese individuals were 0.077, 0.036, 0.328, 0.240, 0.009 and 0.310, respectively. The association between the PGC genotype and serum pepsinogen was investigated. A higher serum pepsinogen II level was observed in individuals homozygous for allele 6 than in those with other genotypes. This result indicates that careful attention should be paid to the genetic background of serum pepsinogen in screening of stomach cancer by this method.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1972K) -
宮本 教雄, 青木 貴子, 武藤 紀久, 井奈波 良一, 岩田 弘敏1995 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 1004-1012
発行日: 1995/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIn winter, many people have trouble with chilliness in their arms and legs. Many women are especially sensitive to cold, and for them the chilliness of the hands and the feet is difficult to ease even after entering a warm room, or taking a bath. They even feel pain owing to coldness of their limbs in daily life. This symptom has been called “hiesho” in Japanese.
The problem of this chilliness is difficult to study because this symptom, in general, can be cured when spring comes. Coldness of the limbs has been considered to be one of the symptoms of the climacteric disturbance among middle-aged females.
Recently, however, it was reported that many young females also feel pain owing to coldness of the hands and legs in their daily life during winter.
This study investigates the problems of chilliness in the limbs of young females in their daily life. By means of a questionnaire, 642 female college students aged from 18 to 20 years answered questions concerning: (1) physical characteristics, (2) physical conditions in their daily life, (3) physical conditions in winter, and (4) physical conditions in summer. The replies to the questionnaires were tested using the χ2 test.
The major results were as follows:
1. Half of the subjects were sensitive to cold, and had difficulty sleeping owing to chilliness of their limbs in winter even in a warm environment.
For the following results the subjects who were sensitive to cold had significant differences (p<0.05) compared to non-sensitive subjects to cold.
2. Those subjects who were aware of chilliness in their limbs had high prevalence rates for irregularities in circadian body rhythm, as well as some symptoms such as white fingers phenomenon, numbness of their limbs, and stiffness in their hands.
3. The subjects who were aware of chilliness in their limbs were very sensitive to cold in winter, and had female family members who had the same troubles with chilliness in the arms and the legs, too.
4. The subjects who were aware of chilliness in their limbs were sensitive to cold even in summer, and had difficulty sleeping owing to chilliness of the limbs.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1075K) -
横山 美江, 清水 忠彦, 早川 和生1995 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 1013-1018
発行日: 1995/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThis study was conducted to investigate the prevalence rates of handicaps in twins and triplets. The subjects were 252 twins and 287 triplets. The following results were obtained.
1) The prevalence rates of the handicapped were 8.7 per 100 triplets, and 4.4 per 100 twins. The risk of producing at least one handicapped child was approximately 22% in triplet pregnancy and 9% in twin pregnancy. This means that one in 4 or 5 sets of triplets had at least one handicapped child, as did one in 11 pairs of twins.
2) Cerebral palsy was the most frequent handicap in twins and triplets. The risks of producing a child with cerebral palsy were 2.0% and 3.1% in twins and triplets, respectively.
3) The prevalence rates of congenital anomalies (congenital heart disease, limb anomalies, and others) were 2.4% in twins and 4.5% in triplets. Approximately 45% of the handicaps in twins and triplets resulted from congenital anomalies.
4) The prevalence rate of the handicapped in twins and triplets was not associated with maternal age, but was associated with the years of delivery in triplets, and was higher in babies with shorter gestation periods.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (743K)
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