成熟児を出産した健康な授乳婦117名の分娩後5または6日の母乳中IgA濃度を測定し,当日の母乳分泌量を乗じてIgA一日分泌量とし,周産期および妊娠後期の食生活要因との関連を調べた。周産期項目では年齢,出産回数,在胎期間,出生身長および体重,児の性,死産および流早産経験,妊娠中や分娩時の異常の有無;食生活項目では各食品群,蛋白質源食品および嗜好品の摂取頻度,妊娠前と較べた食事量について,まず項目毎に各群間でIgA量の平均値を比較した。次に,それらの項目の中から平均値の相違が比較的大きかった13項目を説明変数,IgA量の多い,普通,少ないの3群を外的基準として,数量化分析II類を適用した。
1.IgA量3群の正判別率は比較的高かったことから,IgA量に周産期および食生活要因が関与していることが示された。
2.IgA量に影響を与える比較的大きな要因として,周産期要因では年齢,在胎期間,出産経験があげられ,IgA量は,年齢20歳代が30歳代より初産が経産より多く,在胎期間が41週以上では38-41週より少なかった。また,男児では女児よりIgA量が多い傾向が認められた。
3.IgA量は,妊娠前と較べた妊娠後期の食事量が少ない,動物性蛋白質食品の摂取頻度が少ない場合に最も多く,「食事量」や「蛋白質頻度」が多い場合に次に多く,「食事量」が妊娠前と同じ位,「蛋白質頻度」が普通位の場合に最も少なかった。また,塩干魚の摂取頻度が多い場合IgA量は多かった。妊娠後期の食事量が妊娠前より少ない,蛋白質食品の摂取頻度が少ない場合母乳中のIgA量が多かったことについては,妊娠中毒症,流早産傾向などの異常状態がIgA量により大きく関与したためと考えられた。

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We examined the situation concerning divorce in Japan from the view-point of age difference between married couples using vital statistics from the year 1952 to 1985. Annual and cumulative divorce rates were introduced as rate of incidence of divorce. We studied these indices by age difference between couples in birth cohorts of husbands.
Our conclusions were as follows:
1) The cumulative divorce rate was lower in early birth cohorts than in late birth cohorts.
2) The cumulative divorce rate for young adult couples (aged 20-30) was higher than that for middle-aged couples (aged more than 30) in every cohort.
3) The cumulative divorce rate was lowest when husbands were 1 to 4 years older than wives. This tendency was quite similar in differnt ages and cohorts.
4) The same conclusions were reached when the annual divorce rate was substituted for the cumulative divorce rate.

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那覇市内の某産婦人科医院で1978年から1987年までの10年間に出生した単産出生児3,000例の分娩記録を資料として,出生時体重と出産に関連する10の因子との関係について重回帰分析を行った。
10の要因のうち,人工流産歴を除く9つの因子(在胎週,妊娠前の母親の肥満度,母親の妊娠中の体重増加量,出産歴,児の性,母親の身長,母親の年齢,早産歴,自然流産歴)が,出生児体重に有意に関連するものとして検出された。重回帰式の決定係数(R²)は全体で32%で,そのうち在胎週によるものが18%と最も大きい値を示した。
次に,在胎週を3つの異なる期間に限定して(41週≥,40週≥,39週≥),重回帰分析を行ったところ,在胎週が短いほど全体のR²および在胎週によるR²は増加した。この現象は,在胎週38週前後から胎児の体重増加度が頭打ちになるという,在胎期間と胎児体重の非直線的な関係によるものと考えられた。
出生児体重を規定するものは,大きく二つに分けて子宮内発育度と在胎期間であると考えられる。そこで,在胎週を目的変数として重回帰分析を行った。その結果,児の性,母親の身長,母親の妊娠前の肥満度,および早産歴の4つの因子が有意に関係するものとして検出された。このことから,これら4因子の出生児体重に対する影響の一部分は,在胎期間への効果を介していることが示唆された。

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Sensory scales are very important indicators for the evaluation of environmental odors, and of the effect of deodorizers. The purpose of this study is to examine reasonable methods of sensory scaling. For this purpose, the psychological values of rating words for odor intensity, odor hedonics and similarity were measured. The interval distances between categories of each scale were estimated in the method of successive categories as well.
Results of this study are as follows.
1) The 6-step odor intensity scale, issued by the Environmental Agency, may be regarded as an ordinal scale, but not as an interval scale. The 9-step hedonics scale may be regarded as an interval scale.
2) Psychological values of rating words are not affected by the size and the number of category steps in the graphic scales applied to the judgements of their values.
3) The number of category steps needs to be determined based on the distribution of the psychological values. The meanings and the order of the rating words have to be clear.
4) In the construction of a numerical scale, the category values should accord nearly as possible with the psychological values of rating words.
5) In results from the method of successive categories applyed to the measured values of odor intensity and similarity, interval distances between categories are unequal, and the interval distances are wide on both edges of the scale. In these cases, the values must be converted into “category values of stimuli.”

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In the present work, we studied age-associated changes in murine immune functions. We estimated total antibodies and autoantibodies to single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA), double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA) histone and collagen in sera and culture supernatants of spleen cells from young and aged BALB/c, C57BL/6 and MRL/MpJ-+/+ (MRL/n) mice.
In MRL/n mice, the IgM class of the total antibody level in serum increased gradually to the maximum at 3 months of age, and then started to decrease. In contrast, the IgG class started to rise with age after the age of 9 months.
Serum levels of IgM and IgG autoantibodies to DNA were dominant in MRL/n mice, and the IgG class started to increase in earlier stages of life than in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice.
Anti-DNA autoantibodies were produced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cultures of spleen cells from BALB/c, C57BL/6 and MRL/n mice. The stimulatory effect of LPS on autoantibody production was significantly reduced by the addition of concanavalin A (Con A) to the LPS-stimulated cultures. The Con A-induced suppressive activity increased with the donor age in MRL/n mouse spleen cells. On the other hand, total antibody production in LPS-stimulated cultures was not affected by the addition of Con A to the cultures. These results may suggest that IgG autoantibody-producing B cells increase with age in MRL/n mouse spleen cells, and that the suppressive activity on autoantibody production is selectively augmented.

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This study reports the contents of Zn and Cu in the breast milk and serum of postpartum mothers, 17 primiparas and 20 multiparas, at one week and at one month after delivery.
Results were as follows.
1. The mean content of Zn in the breast milk was 5.44μg/ml at 1 week after delivery, and it decreased significantly (p<0.01) to 2.73μg/ml at 1 month after delivery.
2. The mean content of Zn in serum was 0.66μg/ml at 1 week, and it increased significantly (p<0.01) to 0.84μg/ml, close to the normal level, at 1 month.
3. The milk Zn level at 1 week after delivery was about 8 times as high as the Zn in serum. There was a significant (p<0.05) negative correlation in Zn contents between milk and serum at 1 week after delivery, and there was no significant correlation in Zn contents between milk and serum at 1 month after delivery.
4. The mean content of Cu in breast milk was 0.55μg/ml at 1 week after delivery, and it decreased to 0.44μg/ml at 1 month after delivery.
5. The mean content of Cu in serum was 2.14μg/ml at 1 week after delivery, and it decreased significantly (p<0.01) to 1.35μg/ml, close to the normal level, at 1 month after delivery.
6. Concerning the Cu contents of milk and serum, there was not a significant correlation at 1 week after delivery, but a significant (p<0.05) positive correlation was found at 1 month after delivery.

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We measured bone mineral contents of lumbar vertebrae (L1, L2, L3, L4) in 58 post-menopausal female volunteers (49-76 years old), using a quantitative computed-tomography method. We investigated age-related changes of bone mineral content, and analyzed the relation of bone mineral content to vertebral deformity and to physical characteristics. The following results were obtained: (1) There were highly significant correlations and some significant differences among bone mineral contents of L1, L2, L3 and L4. (2) Bone mineral content showed an apparently linear decline with age. (3) A significant negative correlation was observed between bone mineral content and the central deformity index of the vertebral body, but not for the anterio-posterior deformity index. (4) It was difficult to verify an association of bone mineral content with physical characteristics, such as height, weight, and body mass index.

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The contents of Mg and Zn in the sea-weed “wakame” were determined and compared at different growth stages, in different parts, for different root cultivation intervals, and in processed foods.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. Mg (2.09-2.60g/100g) and Zn (8.00-10.76mg/100g) contents were independent of growth stage with the exception of Zn (29.00-35.78mg/100g) in the natural young “wakame”.
2. The mineral contents of leaves, stipes, fruiting bodies and rhizoids of “wakame” at different growth stages were determined. The contents of Mg (1.00-2.36g/100g) and Zn (3.93-12.01mg/100g) were richer in leaves and stipes than in fruiting bodies and rhizoids.
3. Densely cultured “wakame” showed higher contents of Zn (6.73mg/100g) than thinly cultured plants (5.99mg/100g), and Mg content was not affected by changes in environmental conditions.
4. The Mg/Ca ratios reached a maximum in the stipe (3.3) and at fruiting bodies (2.9) in the middle stage, and in the base of the stipe of the mature plant (3.5).
5. Contents of the minerals in processed foods were determined. “Suboshi” was rich in Mg (1.07±0.42g/100g), and “Haiboshi” was rich in Zn (10.90±1.20mg/100g). The mineral contents in “Enzo” were small.

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