巻号一覧
56 巻 (2001 - 2002)
- 4 号 p. 603-
- 3 号 p. 561-
- 2 号 p. 463-
56 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の10件中1～10を表示しています
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有澤 孝吉2001 年 56 巻 2 号 p. 463-471
発行日: 2001/07/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーRenal damage induced by cadmium (Cd) results in a proximal renal tubular dysfunction, characterized by low-molecular weight (LMW) proteinuria, renal glucosuria, generalized aminoaciduria and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of uric acid and phosphate. Since LMW proteinuria is thought to be one of the earliest adverse health effects caused by Cd, the prevention of the progress of LMW proteinuria is important to avoid further deteriorations in the health condition. Follow-up studies on residents in Cd-polluted areas and Cd-exposed workers have indicated that Cd-induced LMW proteinuria is generally irreversible and progressive even after the cessation or reduction of exposure. The intensity of exposure and the body burden of Cd before the reduction of exposure may influence the prognosis of Cd-induced LMW proteinuria. Several studies have reported a gradual decline in the glomerular filtration rate even after the reduction of Cd exposure.
Cohort studies performed in Cd-polluted areas of Japan showed that renal tubular dysfunction and a decreased glomerular filtration rate were strongly associated with increased risk of mortality. However, the results also suggested that overall mortality rates in Cd-polluted areas were not necessarily increased, because of the low mortality among those with urinary β2-microglobulin concentrations<1, 000μg/g creatinine. At present, incidence data are too limited to draw a conclusion regarding the cancer risk among residents in Cd-polluted areas.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1361K) -
生活習慣病へのアプローチを中心に中井 吉英2001 年 56 巻 2 号 p. 472-483
発行日: 2001/07/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIn the twenty-first century it has been hypothesized that lifestyle-related disease will account for more than 70% of all disease; thus, in the twenty-first the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related disease will be of primary importance. Lifestyle differs from individual to individual. In the past preventive medicine has targeted groups while clinical medicine has dealt with disease. However, in the twenty-first century it will be necessary to integrate the two approaches to meet the needs of the individuals. Measures following the primary prevention of lifestyle-related disease will be the vital and they can only be delivered by primary care medicine. As a model that covers the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related diseases, based on the conventional biomedical model, a systematic medical model that attaches importance to the relativity of all factors and individuality will be necessary. The medical model for psychosomatic medicine is the Bio-psycho-socio-ethical (ecological) model, and psychosomatic medicine has specific methods for implementing this model.
We have used this perspective to explain the role of psychosomatic medicine in public health (hygieiology).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2193K) -
渋谷 健司2001 年 56 巻 2 号 p. 484-491
発行日: 2001/07/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーTo assess recent trends in mortality and disease burden from tobacco in Japan, the present study estimated the number of deaths, years of life lost (YLLs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to tobacco for the years 1985 and 1995. Since smoking prevalence is a very poor measure of population exposure to tobacco, this study employed an alternative measure of the attributable fractions based on excess lung cancer mortality. It is suggested that there was a significant increase in both the absolute numbers and age-standardized rates of tobacco-attributed mortality and disease burden over the decade, in particular from lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In 1995, tobacco already accounted for 12% of total mortality, 16% of total male mortality and 7% of total female mortality. The burden of disease attributable to tobacco amounted to 10% of the total YLLs and 7% of total DALYs, suggesting that tobacco is probably a single major risk factor of mortality and morbidity in Japan.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1184K) -
張 瑞軍, 鹿島 勇治, 松井 三明, 岡部 とし子, 土井 陸雄2001 年 56 巻 2 号 p. 492-499
発行日: 2001/07/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーTotal mercury in the muscles of three fish species was analyzed in fish caught in Tokyo Bay and the surrounding sea areas, Sagami Bay and Choshi. Tokyo Bay is a semi-closed sea area surrounded by Tokyo, Kanagawa and Chiba prefectures. Sagami Bay and Choshi are open to the Pacific Ocean. A total of 412 fish consisting of northern whiting (Sillago japonica), flatfish (Limanda yokohamae) and sardine (Sardinops melanosticta) were caught in these areas over a 6 months period from November 1998 to April 1999.
Total mercury concentration ranged from 0.008-0.092μg/g (wet wt.) in northern whiting, 0.006-0.065μg/g in flatfish and 0.001-0.045μg/g in sardine. All concentrations were below the restriction limit of fish mercury in Japan, 0.4μg/g of total mercury concentration. A significant correlation was found between mercury concentrations and body length or body weight in northern whiting and flatfish, irrespective of the sea area. A correlation was also found between mercury concentration in fish and their feeding habits: among the 3 species caught in the same area, crustacean feeding northern whiting had the highest, polychaete feeding flatfish moderate, and plankton feeding sardine had the lowest mercury concentration.
In a comparison of mercury concentration in the same species caught in different sea areas, a higher concentration was noted in fish caught in the semi-closed sea area of Tokyo Bay, than in fish caught in the open sea areas of Sagami Bay and Choshi. This difference was most marked in fish caught at the bottom of Tokyo Bay and we considered that the mercury concentration of seawater and sediment in these areas was the cause of mercury accumulation in fish. These findings suggest that improved water quality control and environmental monitoring is necessary in semi-closed sea areas such as Tokyo Bay.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1227K) -
砂川 武, 三尾 隆弥, 住野 公昭2001 年 56 巻 2 号 p. 500-513
発行日: 2001/07/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe oxidative decomposition of skin lipids by UV exposure and its cell toxicity were studied in vivo and in vitro, using guinea pigs, to investigate the role of oxidative damage in cell membranes and mitochondria in nuclear genome DNA damage resulting in skin cell death by ultraviolet (UV) exposure.
Two new methods were developed for this research: selective methylation by trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSCHN2) of free fatty acids in crude skin lipids for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and the improvement of the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction for lipid peroxide analysis, which was obtained by adding 0.01% BHT and 1mM EDTA, an antioxidant additive, into the reaction system described by Ohkawa.
The following findings were noted:
1. Using an optical microscope, the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes was noted after skin tissue was exposed to UV.
2. The increase of lipid peroxide in exposed areas was small. In the epidermis the increase was about 2 times higher than the non-exposed areas.
3. The fragments of lipid were generated in accordance with the increase of free fatty acids (C16:0, C18:1, :2, C18:0) in the surface of the exposed skin by GC-MS precise assay, and the level of 7-dehydrocholesterol was decreased.
4. The skin homogenate received peroxidation by ultraviolet more easily than living skin, and its peroxidation was inhibited with fat-soluble antioxidative agents such as flavonoids, BHT, BHA, and vitamin E and the metal chelating agent such as Fenton reaction inhibitor as expected; however, it was promoted by water soluble antioxidative agents such as glutathione and vitamin C, which are useful to the human body.
5. Steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as indomethacin and aspirin, had no inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation by ultraviolet as properties of chemicals.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5070K) -
直島 淳太, 福永 一郎, 武田 則昭, 北窓 隆子, 實成 文彦2001 年 56 巻 2 号 p. 514-522
発行日: 2001/07/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーA survey has been conducted on subjective health status, experience of life events in recent 1 year, and health practices in the rural of Kagawa prefecture. The survey was performed from March 1995 to May 1995 with 4, 013 participants, aged 40 to less than 80.
The proportion of respondents who recognized their physical conditions as good decreased with age. However, the proportion of respondents who recognized their life satisfaction as good increased with age. ‘Health-related’ life events were the most common experienced life events for both male and female. The proportion of respondents who had life events of type ‘family’, ‘financial’, ‘at workplace or job’, ‘in the community’, and ‘others’ decreased with age. Men had higher proportion of ‘at workplace or job’ life events.
The higher proportion of respondents who experienced life events recognized their subjective health status poor. For male, it observed that poor physical health status had significant association with experience of type ‘in the community’ and ‘environmental’ life events. Poor mental health status significantly associated with experience of type ‘at workplace and job’ life events for male, and with ‘health-related’ and ‘family’ life events for female. Poor life satisfaction significantly associated with ‘at workplace or job’ and ‘in the community’ life events for male, and with ‘health related’ and ‘family’ life events.
Higher proportion of the respondents who experienced life events and recognized their subjective health status poor had low health practice scores. Logistic regression analysis showed that experience of life events and poor subjective health status had significant association with the poor health practices, especially with ‘body weight changed’ for both male and female.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1149K) -
酒井 英男, 王 紅兵, 村井 嘉寛, 〓島 茂, 鏡森 定信2001 年 56 巻 2 号 p. 523-527
発行日: 2001/07/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIn this study, we used lung and liver tissue specimens distracted from tissue to investigate remanent magnetization, and found that specimens with a volume of 6mm3 had an intensity of 10-10 Am2, which was significantly stronger than the noise level of the superconducting magnetometer. This finding indicates that both lung and liver tissues contain magnetic materials. We speculated that biological magnetite is the magnetic material in these tissues. In addition, we found that lung tissue specimens with strong magnetization had correspondingly strong magnetized findings in the liver tissue specimens.
In a comparison of magnetization in lung cancer tissue specimens and normal lung tissue, no significant relationship was noted, but two of the lung cancer tissue specimens showed strong magnetization. The number of lung cancer specimens studies was insufficient to investigate the relation between the magnetization (accumulation of magnetic materials) and lung cancer, and further studies are necessary.
The magnetic properties of two lung cancer tissue specimens showing strong magnetization were further investigated, and an alternating field demagnetization experiment showed that their magnetization was composed of a unit stable vector, which indicates that the lung tissue may have been magnetized after the accumulation of magnetic materials. The Wohlfarth ratio (Moskowitz et al., 1989) of them was less than 0.5, which suggests that magnetic materials are distributed in clusters in lung tissue.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (740K) -
松島 文子, 飯塚 舜介2001 年 56 巻 2 号 p. 528-534
発行日: 2001/07/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーWe measured the aluminum contents in foods and pharmaceuticals, and the aluminum concentrations in urine by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with polarized Zeeman background correction to obtain the daily intake and excretion of aluminum. The daily urinary excretions of aluminum in healthy females were obtained after consuming sea algae, hizikia fusiforme, which has a high aluminum contents. Daily aluminum excretion did not increase after taking hizikia fusiforme. On the other hand, high aluminum excretions were observed after taking an analgesic/antipyretic with a high aluminum contents, compared with the usual daily aluminum excretion (p<0.001), and compared with after taking an analgesic/antipyretic with no aluminum (p<0.0001). We found that the daily urinary excretion of aluminum was not related to the total consumption of aluminum, but depended on the binding state of aluminum consumed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1177K) -
関 奈緒2001 年 56 巻 2 号 p. 535-540
発行日: 2001/07/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study was to determine lifestyle factors in the elderly that affected longevity, using a population-based prospective study. The participants were 440 men and 625 women aged 60 to 74 living in a rural Japanese community. The baseline data such as age, sex, present illness, walking hours per day, sleeping hours per day, alcohol consumption, a history of smoking, and “ikigai” (meaningfulness of life) were collected in July 1990. During 90 months of follow-up from July 1990 to December 31 1997, there were 123 deaths. By Cox's multivariate hazard model adjusted age, sex, and medical histories, walking≥1 hour/day (HR=0.63, 95% CI 0.44-0.91) and an “ikigai” (HR=0.66, 95% CI 0.44-0.99) lowered the risk for all-cause mortality independently. In regard to hours of sleep, the cumulative survival curve showed that 7 hours/day was the border and sleeping≥7 hours/day lowered the risk (HR=0.49 95% CI 0.33-0.74). Based on the findings in this study, walking≥1 hour/day, sleeping≥7 hours/day, and “ikigai” are important factors for longevity in the elderly.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (874K) -
2001 年 56 巻 2 号 p. e1
発行日: 2001年
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (28K)
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