High ranking Japanese weightlifters in Tokyo Olympics and high ranking adults and high school students in the 20th Japan National Athletic Meeting were chosen for the subjects. We made research about them for many patterns of movements of the Olympic three lifts which seemed to be the most reasonable way in analyzing the movements of the lifters, by comparing the results which were gotten by the 16 mm 64 frames side filming method with their official records and lifting marks. This led to the following conclusion :
1) At the begining of the clean, dead-lift, for the press the excellent lifters accelerate the bar at a higher speed, but the increase of speed after the begining is not so much. The Olympic lifters pull up the bar bending more forward, at a knee level. But excessive forword bending makes many lifters fail to clean weell.
2) Exellent lifters bigin pressing at a high speed by vigorous extension of their body, Less-trained lifters can not use vigorous extension of their body because of presing forward, or comming down the bar again, and bending the kenee joints.
3) In the snatch excellent lifters pull up the bar at a higber speed to the knees, but they at a speed of lower acceleration from the knees. Even if they are excellent lifters, they often fail to snach in the case of pulling with over-acceleration at that point. It is inportant also in the snatch to use effectively the power of lower ports of the body.
4) It is evident from the loci of the bar that, if the bar travells upward vertically, or near vertically, squat-style lifters need to jump back properly In the case they do not jump back the for moves back and forth excessively, many lifters fail to snatch if they jump back too much.
5) In the clean for the jerk an increasing acceleration in dead lift phase during clean is necessary to become a successful lifter. It is necessary to concentrate the power of the lower parts of the body as much as possible to accelerate on the bar to a knee level. From the knee level exce lent lifters pull the bar by using the pulling power of shoulders more aectively. The barbell falling down from the dead point must be held moderately not to fall down at a high speed.
6) If lifters overstrain the shoulder muscle groups and arms at the starting of the jerk and can not dip their body well in accordance weith dropp ing movement of the bar, they will fail to jerk.
7) The dropping speed of the bar at the first step of the jerk must be marked more carefully at the second phase than at the first phase. Many who make it increase more at the second phase will fail to jerk.
8) The bar of the excellent jerker goes up with very high speed at the begining. But of the speed of the bar after that there is no diffrence between lifters.

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A device was made by the author by applying to Mosso's ergometer an apparatus which can directly indicate the integrated amount of the work, in addition to the curve of fatigue.
The “Treppenphanomen” (promotion of muscle contraction immediately after the work) was more pronounced, the more the muscle was fatigued. Slight muscular movement prior to work reduced the “Treppenphanomen” and, moreover, increased the integrated amount of the work, even when the muscle was fatigued.
This fact suggests that the most effective form of rest is not a mere relaxation of the muscles.
Different causes might be considered as to the explanation of the results obtained above. As the circulation of the tissue fluid surrounding the muscle fibers is most effectively activated by the pumping action of the muscle at its contraction, the intramuscular fluid seems to be transiently refreshed immediately after commencement of the work.

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Metnod of mesauring the muscle endurance was studied. The frequency of repeating the work, corresponding to one third of the maximal force, with a rhythm of once a second, is widely used in determining the muscle endurance. Since such a work may be repeated after some rest, when the work has been interrupted, the ability of recovery likewise seems to be practically an important factor in determin-ing the muscle endurance.
From this point of view, the author made in each individual 5 successive meas-urements with a rest inbetween. The value of the measurement decreased expornentially. The total of at least 2 measurements may be sufficient in the deter-mination, when too many measurements are not available.

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With the use of an arm ergometer, the maximal muscle force and endurance in males and females were studied. The maximal force in females was about 55 to 60 % of that in males. The endurance in females was, on the contrary, 20% superior to that in males. From this fact, it is theoretically presumed that normal working capacity in a female is approximately 2/3 of that in a male.

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The skeletal musculature in mammals has hitherto been thought to be composed of both white and red fibers. Recently attention has, however, been directed to the presence of intermediary form of the two types of the fibers as mentioned above. As to the characteristics and the function of such medium fibers, further study seems to be imperative.
The author made an extensive study on the form, bulk and intramuscular distribution of white and red fibers in the anterior tibial muscle of the rats (Wistar), as viewed in the cross section.
a) Form : Red fibers appeared more slender and rounded as compared with the white ones.
b) Bulk: The fibers near the center of the muscle are slender, which become more voluminous, the nearer they located to the body surface.
c) Distribution : Red fibers were to be found more in number and in space in the center of the muscle and adjacent to the corresponding skeletal bone, while white fibers were more frequently found around the surface opposite to the bone.
The results written above seem to be essential in case of studying the relationship between morphological aspect of a muscle and its function, as well as in the experimental research of electromyograms.

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The function of the muscles which take part in the extension of the upper extremity was electromyographically investigated. The results obtained are as follows.
1. M. teres major, M. triceps brachii caput longum and M. latissimus dorsi effectively work during extension of the arm to the resting position from the full elevated position.
2. When the arm is elevated, M. pectoralis major has some components of force in the extension, and when the arm is extended, M. deltoideus pars spinata has some components of force in the extension.
3. The electromyographic discharge patterns of M. pectoralis major pars abdo-minalis and M. deltoideus pars spinata in the extension of the upper extremity sug-gest the direction of resistance against extension movement.

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The function of M. adductor longus and M. adductor magnus in the movement of the hip joint are electromyographically investigated. The results obtained are as follows.
I M. adductor longus
1. The muscle is a flexor for the first 50 degrees of movement. If the thigh flexed against resistance took a slightly inward direction, the electromyographic discharge ceased before 50 degrees of movement. Conversely, if the resistance took a slightly outward direction, the discharge appeared beyond 50 degrees.
The muscle acts for flexion at any vertical plane until the 50 degree horizontal angle is reached.
2. The muscle does not act for extension of the thigh.
3. The muscle acts for adduction of the thigh at any position of sagittal plane. Especially, at the flexed position the muscle is a prime mover of the thigh adduction and even at the extended position when the resistance is increased, the muscle come to act for adduction.
II M. adductor magnus
1. The muscle does not act for flexion of the thigh.
2. The muscle acts during thigh extension. Particularly, the extending power increases in proportion as the thigh elevation increases. The muscle acts for exten-sion at any vertical plane until the 40-50 degree horizontal angle is reached.
3. When the thigh is in extension, the muscle works strongly for adduction in any position, but if the thigh is elevated beyond 10 degrees, the muscle does not work for adduction.

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