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Volume 36, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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YUJI SANO, TSUYOSHI WATANABE, KOMEI IKUTA, HIROSHI OSANAI1987 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
Published: February 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was intended to examine the specific nature and an aerobic value of jumping jacks (Fig. 1) which has a greater movement in shoulders and is easy to perform in standing position without specific skill and equipment and in also a narrow place.
Individual's self-selected (free) tempo in jumping jacks was determined for 92 subjects by administering it for 5 minutes.
The optimal tempo was obtained from measuring energy expenditures on two subjects when they performed five minutes of jumping jacks at each tempo of 50, 60 and 70 times/min and also at one's free tempo. Exercise intensity of jumping jacks as a general endurance activity was determined from energy expenditures and % Vo22max of 9 subjects who performed 5 minutes of jumping jacks at 60 times/min. Training effect of jumping jacks was examined on the basis of the changes in Vo2max and heart rate (jumping jacks at 60 times/min for 3 min) before and after one month of training on 7 subjects who participated 180 jumping jacks at free tempo a day, averagely 6.3 times a week. Subjects were all college male students aged between 18 and 22. Followings are the results obtained in this study.
1) Individual's self-selected (free) tempo in jumping jacks was about 60 times/min.
2) The optimal tempo in jumping jacks determined on the basis of energy expenditure was also about 60 times/min.
3) Oxygen requirement and RMR at the optimal tempo (60 times/min) in jumping jacks were 40.9 ml/kg/min and 12.3, respectively. Percent Vo2max, Oxygen requirement and RMR in jumping jacks was smaller for persons who have greater Vo2max/body weight.
4) One month of training by jumping jacks demonstrated significant increases in Vo2max and Vo2max/body weight, which were 2.59 to 2.751/min (p<0.01) and 43.5 to 46.1 ml/kg/min (p<0.05), respectively. Significant decreases in heart rate were also observed during and recovery after the exercise.
5) From above results, jumping jacks could be used as an effective general endurance exercise, provided that some necessary modifications should be made according to each individual's fitness level.View full abstractDownload PDF (956K) -
MITSURU HIGUCHI, KIKUE YAMAKAWA, MAKIKO OZAWA, TOKIO FUCHI, NORIKO TAK ...1987 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 10-17
Published: February 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was designed to evaluate nutritional status of older endurance runners (age ; 62.5±2.5 yr., weight ; 53.8±4.2 kg, %fat ; 12.0±2.1%, mean±SD) by comparing with agematched sedentary individuals (63.6±3.5 yr., 58.4±9.1 kg, 15.6±4.0%) and middle-aged long distance runners (35.2±3.1 yr., 61.2±5.6 kg, 11.8±1.9%) . Average training distance of the older runners was a half of that of the middle-aged runners (44 vs. 85 km/week) . Maximal oxygen uptake in the older runners was significantly higher than in the older sedentary controls, but lower than in the middle-aged runners (50.4±4.1 vs. 30.6±3.5 vs. 64.0±2.2 ml/kg/min, respectively) . No differences were observed in the concentrations of serum albumin, serum iron and blood hemoglobin among the three groups. Intake levels of the three groups with regard to the major nutrients were sufficient as compared with the recommended dietary allowance appropriate for age, sex and physical activity level. Total caloric intake in the older runners was not remarkably higher than in the older controls in terms of kcal/day (2, 430 vs. 2, 230), but was significantly higher in terms of kcal/kg wt/day (45.5 vs. 38.9) . Percents to the total caloric intake of protein (15.2%), fat (25.4%) and carbohydrate (52.6%) in the older runners were almost identical to the other two groups. Ratios of animal to total in protein and fat were not significantly different among the groups. The intakes of calcium, iron, and vitamins A, B1, B2 and niacin were higher, but statistically not significant, in the older runners than in the older controls. These results suggest that nutritional status of older endurance runners is adequate for maintaining their health in a good state while keeping their active lifestyle.View full abstractDownload PDF (1006K) -
YOSHIE ISHIDA, HIROAKI KANEHISA, TETSUO FUKUNAGA, KAZUYUKI NISHIYAMA1987 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 18-24
Published: February 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEleven feamle distance runners were assessed for body composition, limb composition, and skinfold thickness. Body composition was measured by underwater weighing method. The cross-sectional area of subcutaneous fat and muscle in forearm, upper arm, leg, and thigh were obtained by using ultrasonic system. Skinfold thicnesses of seven sites were determined with ultrasonic apparatus. Runners averaged 157.0 cm in body height, 50.2 kg in body weight, 18.9% in relative body fat, and 40.6 kg in lean body mass. When compared untrained normal women, runners had significantly lower relative fat. However, there were no significant differences in lean body mass between runners and untrained. Within runners the more successful performers possessed lower relative body fat. Runners showed lower values of skinfold thickness than that of untrained for all measurement sites. The greatest differences in skinfold thickness between runners and untrained was found in side abdomen. Subcutaneous fat area of runners were significantly smaller than that of untrained. However, runners showed significantly larger muscle area for leg only compared with untrained. These results in body and limb composition of female distance runners may be mainly reffered to the characteristics of aerobic running training.View full abstractDownload PDF (820K) -
TAKASHI SATAKE, YORIKO ATOMI, YOSHIKI OKAJIMA1987 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 25-30
Published: February 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, effects of physical activity in daily life on m. triceps surae were considered comparing the cadavers with decubitus with those without decubitus on muscle weight and relative muscle weight. The muscles were dissected from 18 cadavers (13 males and 5 females) aged 36 to 90 which were preserved in a 10% formalin solution for about one year. Immediately after the removal, weights of gastrocnemius and soleus were measured.
Mean values of the muscle weights of soleus, gastrocnemius and combined total were heavier in male than in female. Those of the relative weights of soleus were larger than those of gastrocnemius in both sexes. The muscle weights showed remarkable inter-individ-ual variations and sexual differences. The decubitus group (non-active group) showed lighter muscle weight than the normal group did in both sexes. However, there were no differences in the relative muscle weight between both groups in both sexes.
The rate of lack of m. plantaris was 11.1%.
From these results, it was suggested that the relative muscle weight might not be influenced by physical activity in daily life but the muscle weight might change consid-erably related to it.View full abstractDownload PDF (735K) -
KAGEMOTO YUASA, TETSUO FUKUNAGA1987 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 31-35
Published: February 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reliability of B-mode ultrasound for measuring subcutaneous fat thickness was evaluated in the cadaver. The ultrasonic device used in this study was the linear type employing a 5 MHz transducer. Ultrasonically determined-measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness was obtained on the upper arm, thigh, leg and abdomen. The border between subcutaneous fat and muscle tissues was able to be distinguish clearly by using this ultrasonic device. The subcutaneous fat thickness obtained ultrasonically were lower than those measured directly with using the slide calipers in the cadaver. Mean difference (standard deviation) between these values was 1.65 mm (0.98 mm) . A statistically significant correlation coefficient of 0.97 (p<0.001) and the linear regression equation of D=1.0963 B+0.9332 was observed between the subcutaneous fat thickness obtained from a B-mode ultrasonic (B) and direct (D) methods. The results suggest that B-mode ultrasonic device may be able to use for measuring subcutaneous fat thickness and a more reliable fat thickness may be able to obtain by revising the ultrasonically determined-measurements.View full abstractDownload PDF (2366K) -
KAGEMOTO YUASA, TETSUO FUKUNAGA1987 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 36-41
Published: February 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was carried out to investigate the distribution pattern of the subcutaneous fat on the whole body. Two helathy males, 31 and 38 years of age, participated as subjects in this study. Subcutaneous fat thickness measurements were made on the trunk, the upper and lower extremities, and the buttock with using B-mode ultrasonic device employing a 5 MHz transducer. The thicker subcutaneous fat were obtained on the portion near navel, outer sites of the lower trunk and the thigh just under the buttock for the both subjects. The thinner portions, on the other hand, were showed on the upper sites of the chest, forearm and leg. On the extremities, fat thickness was relatively remained constant over the whole sites compared with those on the trunk. These results suggest that the fat thickness distribution on the trunk is more significant than those on the extremities in males.View full abstractDownload PDF (3314K) -
1987 Volume 36 Issue 1 Pages 42-51
Published: February 01, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1375K)
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