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Volume 40 (1991)
- Issue 6 Pages 505-
- Issue 5 Pages 437-
- Issue 4 Pages 355-
- Issue 3 Pages 271-
- Issue 2 Pages 145-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 40, Issue 3
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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KIKUO ARAKAWA1991 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 271-277
Published: June 01, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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SHINICHI DEMURA, JINZABURO MATSUZAWA, HIROSHI NAKA, ICHIRO KITA1991 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 278-287
Published: June 01, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWell-trained young swimmers seem to have different physical characteristics as compared with non-athletes of the same age group. The purpose of this study was to determine physical characteristics of well-trained young competitive swimmers from a standpoint of differences in training, sex, and growth and development. A total of 47 boy and girl swimmers and 124 untrained boys and girls were selected as subjects.
All swimmers began to swim regularly in an elementary school age and continued hard swimming training for at least 2 years. A battery of 53 parameters representing each physical domain such as physique, muscular strength, flexibility, neuromuscular function, cardio-respiratory function, were selected to examine subject's physical characteristics. The following results were found : boy swimmers have less body fat, superior physique, mascular strength, flexibility, agility, and also superior cardio-respiratory function as compared with untrained boys. Also girl swimmers have almost the same physical characteristics except for physique and general static strength. Boy swimmers possess larger stature and bone width, and superior muscular strength and cardio-respiratory function as compared with girl swimmers. A similar sex difference is found in non-athletes. High school swimmers have more solid body mass, and superior dynamic and static strength, relating to an achievement of swimming speed, than junior high school swimmers.View full abstractDownload PDF (1327K) -
YUICHI OCHIAI, YOSHIO MOROTOMI, TADAYOSHI SAKURAI1991 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 288-297
Published: June 01, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in the amount of urinary protein and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) were observed after middle-distance running in 46 primary school boys, 46 junior high school boys, 74 high school boys and 51 male college students, aged between 6 and 21 years.
The running distance was varied according to age : 800 m for 6- to 7-year-olds, 1, 200 m for 8- to 9-year-olds, 1, 700 m for 10- to 11-year-olds and 1, 500 m for 12- to 21-year-olds.
Urine was collected from each subject before and 30 min after running, and total urinary protein was analyzed by the Lowry method and β2-MG by the reverse passive hemagglutination method.
For all subjects at rest, total urinary protein was 14.2-19.1 mg/dl on average and increased to 24.6-96.2 mg/dl at 30 min after running, while β2-MG at rest was 3.10-7.12 μg/dl and increased to 30.53-1202.87 μg/dl at 30 min after running.
Urinary protein originating in blood plasma and that in non-blood plasma was calculated on the basis of the study of Poortmans (1968) . Urinary protein originating in blood plasma after running was 2.54-6.58 times higher than that before running, whereas non-blood plasma after running was 1.04-1.92 times higher than that before running. This suggests that the increased urinary protein after running mainly originates from blood plasma. In terms of age, urinary protein from non-blood plasma in boys aged 6 to 11 years showed a greater increase than that in boys over 12 years old.
The ratio of β2-MG to urinary protein after running was 7.0-80.6 times higher than that before running. The correlation coefficient between urinary protein and β2-MG became higher after running than that before running. These findings indicate that low-molecular-weight urinary protein is predominantly reabsorbed in the proximal renal tubule. In terms of age, the increase in the above ratio in 12-14-year-olds was lower than that in 1521-year-olds, suggesting that the reabsorption ability of the proximal renal tubule matures with age.View full abstractDownload PDF (1039K) -
YOSHIHIRO ITAI, MANABU TOTSUKA, TOKUNOSUKE ABE, AKIRA HORII, KOICHI HI ...1991 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 298-306
Published: June 01, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith disuse, e. g. that resulting from tail-suspension, skeletal muscle shows a decrease in both mass and strength, with concomitant atrophy. Type IIc fibers are observed during muscle fiber generation, regeneration and fiber type transformation. Thus, the recovery process of atrophied muscle fibers can be investigated by observing changes in type IIc fiber distribution. In this study, the behavior of type IIc fibers was examined in rats during recovery following 5 weeks of tail-suspension. Male rats were assigned to three groups : control (C), tailsuspension (S), and pair-weight (P), in which body weight was adjusted to that of the S group by controlled food consumption.
The results were as follows : 1) After 5 weeks of tail-suspension, the weight of the m. soleus in the S group was less than 40% of that in the C group. 2) Weights of all muscles removed in the S group increased rapidly until 2 weeks into the recovery period, and returned to the level in the P group by 5 weeks. 3) Type IIc fiber distribution in the m, soleus in the S group was increased by about 35% after 5 weeks of tail-suspension, and had not returned to the level in the C group by 5 weeks of recovery. 4) Phanocytosis and central nuclei were observed in the atrophic muscle fibers of the S group.View full abstractDownload PDF (5509K) -
SHINICHI DEMURA, ICHIROU KITA, JINZABUROU MATSUZAWA1991 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 307-314
Published: June 01, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe difference in vascular reaction to cold among 5 groups of 17 swimmers with experience of 3 years or longer, 13 swimmers with experience of 2 years or less, 12 track and field athletes, 7 gymnasts and 9 non-athletes were studied. Four components which are useful indexes of cold tolerance showed statistically significant differences among 5 groups. From test results of linear comparison between each group, it was determined that athletes compared with non-athletes, and swimmers with other athletes possess better cold tolerance. But there was no significant difference between swimmers with different types in swimming experience years or between outdoor-and indoor-athletes.View full abstractDownload PDF (946K) -
—USE OF THE EUGLYCEMIC CLAMP TECHNIQUE—YOSHIHARU OSHIDA, ISAO OHSAWA, YUZO SATO, JUICHI SATO, YASUO KIMURA, M ...1991 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 315-320
Published: June 01, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhysical training has been shown to improve glucose tolerance and insulin action in peripheral tissues. In the present study, regular (R) and high (H) -dose euglycemic clamp procedures were performed to determine the effects of different types of physical training on insulin action (sensitivity/responsiveness) in 10 long-distance runners (LR), 10 weight-lifters (WL) and 12 healthy controls (HC), The amount of infused glucose (glucose metabolism, GM) during euglycemic clamping is a measure of the peripheral tissue sensitivity and/or responsiveness to insulin. For R clamping, when GM was calculated per unit body weight (BW), GM in LR (11.92±1.22 mg/kg BW·min) and WL (9.28±0.63 mg/kg BW·min) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in HC (7.44±0.39 mg/kg BW·min) . When calculated per unit lean body mass (LBM), LR (15.07±1.56 mg/kg LBM·min) differed from HC (9, 15±0.59 mg/kg LBM·min, P<0.05), whereas the value in WL (11.50±0.93mg/kg LBM·min) was identical to that in HC. For H clamping, there was no significant change in these three groups when GM was calculated per unit BW or LBM. These results suggest that enhancement of insulin action by physical training is due to an increase in insulin sensitivity, rather than to an increase in insulin responsiveness, and that aerobic exercise, for example long-distance running, is more effective for the improvement of decreased sensitivity to insulin, which is observed in patients with simple obesity and diabetes, than anaerobic exercise such as weight-lifting.View full abstractDownload PDF (715K) -
HISAKO IKEGAMI, KIYOSHI SHIMAOKA, YASUO IKEGAMI1991 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 321-330
Published: June 01, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between daily physical activity and physical fitness in female college students was investigated. Sixteen female college students who regularly took exercise two or three days per week were selected for the active group. Seventeen female college students who seldom took exercise and had not taken part in any kinds of sports activities while at high school were selected for the inactive group. Physical fitness tests and incremental loading maximal cycling exercise tests were undertaken by all subjects. Gas expired during the cycling exercise was collected in a Douglas bag, and ventilation, oxygen uptake and respiratory quotient were measured for each exercise load and in the last few minutes of the exercise test. Electrocardiographic data were also obtained during the test. Heart rate during daily activities in each subject was recorded continuously throughout the day using a heart rate recorder. Daily energy expenditure was estimated from the continuous recordings of heart rate using the linear relationship between heart rate and oxygen consumption obtained in the maximum incremental exercise test. Mean number of strides taken by each subject during da ily activities was also obtained using a pedometer for one week.
The results can be summarized as follows.
1) Maximal oxygen uptake and total score in the physical fitness test averaged 37.8 ml/ kg/min and 27.8 points, and 30.1 ml/kg/min and 22.5 points for the active and inactive group, respectively. The inter-group differences in these parameters were significant.
2) The mean values of daily energy expenditure and strides taken during daily activity were about 2400 kcal/day and 14000 strides/day, and 1800 kcal/day and 7000 strides/day for the active and inactive group, respectively. The differences between the groups for these two values were also significant.
3) The difference in daily energy expenditure between the two groups was 580 kcal and the difference in total strides per day was 7000 strides.
4) These results indicate that both daily physical activity and physical fitness in the inactive group were lower than those in the active group. Furthermore, it was proved that the level of physical fitness in female college students is closely related to their daily physical activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (949K) -
[in Japanese]1991 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 331-336
Published: June 01, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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1991 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 337-345
Published: June 01, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1223K) -
1991 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 346-352
Published: June 01, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (888K)
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