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Volume 50 (2001)
- Issue 6 Pages 679-
- Issue 5 Pages 557-
- Issue 4 Pages 389-
- Issue 3 Pages 293-
- Issue 2 Pages 167-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 50, Issue 5
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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—A PRACTICAL STUDY OF HIGHER GRADE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN—RYUICHI KOMATA2001 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 557-570
Published: October 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to investigate moving ability on hanging-ladders, active and passive grip strength in higher-grade elementary school children (grade 5) through long-term playing on HANGING LADDERS.
Sixty-two children (mean age; 10.1 yrs) were assigned into two groups, a training group (male ; N=18, female ; N=13) and a control group (male ; N=18, female ; N=13) .
The children in the training group were required to play on the hanging-ladder for 5 to 10 minutes 5 days per week for 6 months.
At the end of this playing period, 66.7% of the boys in the training group succeeded in crossing the hanging-ladder as compared to 50.0% before the study period started, and 61.5% of the girls succeeded as compared to 30.8%. However, these results represent a lower ratio than in previous studies in 1st. and 4th. grade children.
In the training group, the crossing time of those who succeeded shortened significantly in both boys and girls until the 1st. month. The successful children showed significant passive grip strength during the playing period. However, both the boys and girls of the training group (except for the successful group) showed no significant difference in active and passive grip strength between before and after the study period.View full abstractDownload PDF (3276K) -
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PHYSICAL FITNESS ELEMENTS OF HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS : GENDER AND AGE DIFFERENCESMASAKI MINAMI, SHINICHI DEMURA, YOSHINORI NAGASAWA, NOBUHIKO TADA, JIN ...2001 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 571-582
Published: October 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between physical fitness elements in healthy older adults, considering the differences between gender and between age. Subjects were 1042 active and non-injured people aged from 60 years to under 90 years. The subjects were classified into two different age groups of under 75 years group and 75 years and over group. A total of 11 variables representing four physical fitness elements (muscular, joint, neural, and respiratory functions) were selected through examination of safety and validity. Two-way ANOVA was used to examine gender and age differences in each physical fitness element. Pearson's correlation coefficient and partial correlation coefficient excluding age factor were calculated for each gender and age group.
As a result of examining the relationship among physical fitness elements, the correlation coefficients within variables consisting of the following each function, muscular function, joint function and agility of extremities, were significant in both age groups, and these tendencies were consistent in both gender groups. Similarly, significant correlation coefficients between standing-reach and muscular function variables, and between trunk twist and foot balance with eyes open and reaction time were found in the under 75 years group, but not in the over 75 years group. On the other hand, different tendencies between genders were found in the relationship between the muscular function variables and trunk twist and foot balance with eyes open, and between the reaction time and stepping and muscular function variables. As the relationships among physical fitness elements tended to decline in the over 75 years group, it is inferred that this tendency is influenced by the change with aging of physical fitness characteristics and environmental factors around the older adults.View full abstractDownload PDF (1432K) -
KAZUFUMI TERADA, NAOKI MUKAI, TOSHIKAZU MIYAMOTO, YUTAKA MIYANAGA2001 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 583-592
Published: October 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDelayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) is characterized by a sensation of discomfort that usually develops 24-48 hours after unaccustomed exercise, with muscle swelling and stiffness that usually results in a reduced range of movement. Muscle weakness is often seen. It may be surmised that DOMS is a problem that affects all athletes.
We examined six male subjects to determine the effect of acupuncture stimulation on DOMS, which was induced experimentally in both legs using a heel raising exercise. Acupuncture stimulation has long been used in the treatment of pain, but there is insufficient proof of its efficacy. A problem acupuncture research has had to face is the concept of a control group. To deal with this, we used non-invasive acupuncture stimulation, which would allow the simulation of the acupuncture procedure without penetrating the skin. The leg that would receive actual acupuncture stimulation and the leg that would receive non-invasive stimulation after the induction of DOMS were determined by randomization.
The muscle stiffness, ankle range of movement, maximal voluntary contraction, one-legged vertical jump, muscle tenderness, pain on muscle stretching, pain on muscle contraction, ankle mobility and subjective muscle strain were measured as indices of stimulation efficacy. Pain on muscle stretching was significantly less (p<0.05) at 48 hours after exercise for the side stimulated by acupuncture as compared with the side stimulated non-invasively. The other indices did not differ significantly between the side stimulated using acupuncture stimulation and the side stimulated non invasively. These results suggest that the early relief of DOMS can be achieved by acupuncture stimulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (2414K) -
SAKIYA YAMASAKI, KINSUKE TSUDA, SADAYOSHI TAGUCHI2001 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 593-602
Published: October 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBody shape, daily physical-activity, cardiovascular risk factors and disease complications of diabetic patients were analyzed by the survey of mailed questionnaires. Of the 6, 800 men who were randomly selected, 1, 731 responded. The subjects were divided into two groups according to age (middle-aged group ; 40-60 yrs, old-aged group ; over 60 yrs) .
The physical-activity performed by the diabetic patients was similar to that of non-diabetic patients in the middle-aged group. IIowever, in the old-aged group the diabetic patients performed significantly less physical-activity than that of the non-diabetic cohort. The prevalence of coronary heart disease of diabetic patients in the old-aged group was significantly higher than their age-matched non-diabetic cohort. Also, in the old-aged group, the age at onset of hypercholesteremia of diabetic patients occurred significantly earlier than that of non-diabetic cohort.
The onset of the cardiovascular complications (hypertension and hypercholesteremia) of diabetes mellitus in patients with an earlier onset (40-49 yrs) of diabetes mellitus was related to their obesity, in diabetic patients with a later-onset (over 60 yrs) of diabetes mellitus there was no relationship with obesity and physical-activity throughout life are important in preventing onset and progression of coronary heart disease of the diabetic patient.View full abstractDownload PDF (1168K) -
KOICHIRO HAYASHI, JUN-ICHI SASAKI, NOBORU MESAKI2001 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 603-612
Published: October 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was performed to investigate heart rate responses and occurrence of arrhythmias caused by various diving maneuvers and swimming in infants. Forty four healthy infants (mean age 2.5±1.1, mean ±SD) served on this study. Condition of telemetry electrocardiograph recording was 1) rest on the land and in the water, 2) diving, 3) swimming and 4) “pass in water (PW) ”. Moreover, diving styles was classified for five patterns by presence of body movement or expiration (Apneic not move diving, Expiratory not move diving, Apneic kick diving. Expiratory kick diving and Underwater swimming) . “Diving bradycardia” was observed during diving and PW, and the magnitude of heart rate reduction was grater in diving without body movement than diving combined with body movement. Presence of expiration did not influence on the level of bradycardia during diving. Any kinds of arrythmias was observed 13 out of 44 subjects. In premature contractions, supraventricular premature contraction (SVPC, 7 subjects) was observed more often than ventricu-lar premature contraction (PVC, 3 subjects) . Another arrhythmias observed was atrioventricular junctional rhythm (AVJR, 1 subject), atrioventricular junctional escaped beat (AVJEB, 3 subjects) and wandering pacemaker (1 subject) . The danger arrhythmias which is necessary to restrict on exercise or swimming was not observed in this study.View full abstractDownload PDF (1118K) -
KENTA YAMAMOTO, KOUKI TAKAHASHI, AKIRA YOSHIOKA, SHO ONODERA, MOTOHIKO ...2001 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 613-623
Published: October 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated whether the autonomic nervous system (ANS) modulation contribute to the bradycardia induced by endurance training. First, the meta-analysis approach was used to collect group mean values of maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max) and heart rate variability (HRV) from 14 studies involving 30 groups and 485 subjects. Subsequently, we performed a cross-sectional (n=116) and intervention (n=training group : 10 and control group : 6) studies. In both studies, ANS modulation was estimated by spectral analysis of HRV. In the meta-analysis and cross-sectional study, HR and natural logarithmic high frequency power (In HF power) were correlated with Vo2max or peak oxygen uptake (peak Vo2) . The significant negative correlations were found between HR and In HF power (meta-analysis and the cross-sectional study ; r2 = 0.42 and 0.44, respectively) . Endurance training in the intervention study increased peak Vo2 and resting In HF power, and decreased resting HR. These results strongly suggest that endurance training induces an increase in resting ANS modulation especially parasympathetic modulation. Furthermore, about half of the variability of resting HR can be accounted for by difference in parasympathetic modulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1214K) -
KAZUYA YASHIRO, TAKAKO SAKAMOTO, TOMOHO ISHII, KAZUHIRO SUZUKAWA, HIRO ...2001 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 625-632
Published: October 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between activity pattern and temporal changes in the oxygen dynamics of human femoral medial vastus muscles. Oxygen dynamics were evaluated from the surface of the body by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) . Arterial occlusion tests were performed in the femoral region at a cuff pressure of 300 mmHg. Exercise type and speed were controlled by CYBEX 6000. The exercise types examined were concentric contraction (CON) and eccentric contraction (ECC) . The 3 angular velocities of 90, 120 and 180 degrees were used as the exercise speeds. Exercise was performed continuously 60 times at maximum effort. The subjects were 7 healthy males with a mean age of 19.6±0.5 years. A transient decrease in oxygen concentration was observed during circulatory occlusion ; and rapid hyperemia occurred immediately after the removal of pressure. Oxygen concentration peaked above the control level and then returned to the initial level. In the CON exercise, the initial decrease in oxygen concentration was the largest at CON 90, and a gradual increase in oxygen concentration was clearly observed during exercise. In the recovery stage, after exercise at CON 90, 120 and 180, oxygen concentration exceeded the control level before exercise, then peaked and returned to the initial level. In the ECC exercise, an initial decrease in oxygen concentration was similar to that in the CON exercise, but a gradual increase in oxygen concentration was not observed during the exercise ; nor did oxygen concentration exceed the control level in the recovery stage after the exercise.
These results indicate that an increase in oxygen level after the removal of arterial occlusion, during and after the CON exercise was much higher than the control level before the exercise, sug-gesting the involvement of reactive hyperemia and exercise hyperemia.View full abstractDownload PDF (923K) -
SHIZUYO SHIMIZU, SACHIKO HOMMA, ATSUKO KAGAYA2001 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 633-641
Published: October 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purposes of this study were 1) to determine cardiac output and active limb blood flow responses to unilateral and bilateral dynamic handgrip exercises and 2) to investigate the effects of exercise intensity and a change in active muscle mass on the relationship between limb blood flow and cardiac output. Five physically active women performed dynamic handgrip exercises with the right hand (right handgrip exercise ; RHG), with the left hand (left handgrip exercise ; LHG), and bilaterally (bilateral handgrip exercise ; BHG) . Exercise intensities were 10%, 30% and 50% of the subjects' maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and the exercise frequency was 60 contractions per minute. The 10%MVC exercise duration was 10 min, while the 30% and 50%MVC exercise conditions were performed to exhaustion. During exercise, stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR) were measured using Doppler ultrasound and electrocardiogram (ECG), respectively. Cardiac output (Qsys) was calculated as the product of SV and HR. Blood flow to the forearm (Qfoream, ) was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Qsys, did not differ significantly between RHG, LHG and BHG. However, SV was lower in BHG than in RHG and LHG. Reciprocally, HR was higher during BHG than RHG and LHG. The increase in the Qforearm, was significantly lower during BHG than RHG and LHG exercise (p<0.05) .
These results suggest that Qsys, does not differ between unilateral and bilateral handgrip exercise, despite the increase in active muscle mass. The unchanged Qsys could be explained by the Qforearm reduction during BHG. The Qforearm was lower during BHG than during the unilateral handgrip exercises, possibly due to vasoconstriction induced by BHG exercise.View full abstractDownload PDF (1180K) -
TOSHIAKI NAKATANI, MASAKAZU NADAMOTO, HIROYUKI MORII2001 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 643-646
Published: October 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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[in Japanese]2001 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 647-650
Published: October 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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2001 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 651-662
Published: October 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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2001 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 663-670
Published: October 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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2001 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages 671-678
Published: October 01, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2010
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