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Volume 60 (2011)
- Issue 6 Pages 579-
- Issue 5 Pages 475-
- Issue 4 Pages 379-
- Issue 3 Pages 259-
- Issue 2 Pages 177-
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Volume 60, Issue 3
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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SATOSHI SEINO, MI-JI KIM, NORIKO YABUSHITA, TOMOAKI MATSUO, SONGEE JUN ...2011 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 259-268
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to determine whether hand-grip strength (HGS) can be a significant discrimination factor of mobility limitation (ML) among older adults. Cross-sectional analysis was conducted on data from 939 community-dwelling older adults, aged 65-96 years (74.4 ± 6.4 yr, 266 men, 673 women). ML was defined as self-reported difficulty in walking 400 m, climbing 10 steps, and rising from a chair. Trained testers assessed standardized measurements of HGS and lower extremity performance score (LEPS) calculated by four tests (i.e., tandem stance, 5-chair sit-to-stand, alternate step, and timed up & go). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to identify discrimination power of HGS and LEPS for ML. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) of HGS and LEPS for ML were 0.82 and 0.87 in men; 0.70 and 0.85 in women, respectively. No significant difference was detected between the AUCs of HGS and LEPS (P = 0.12) in men, whereas in women, the AUC was significantly lower in HGS than LEPS (P < 0.001). The optimal HGS cut-off values for ML were 31.0 kg (sensitivity 75%, specificity 81%) for men and 19.6 kg (sensitivity 73%, specificity 57%) for women. In men, the HGS test could be as useful as LEPS for identifying ML. In women, discrimination power for ML by HGS alone was considered acceptable; however, a combination of HGS and lower extremity performance tests could be more useful for monitoring the hierarchical levels of physical frailty.View full abstractDownload PDF (951K) -
JUNKO NOGAMI, YOKO SAITO, YUKO TANIMURA, KOJI SATO, TAKESHI OTUKI, SEI ...2011 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 269-277
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObjective: Aerobic exercise on land decreases arterial stiffness, however, the effect of exercise in water on arterial stiffness has not been clear. This study investigated the effect of a 15-min cycling exercise on land and that in water on pulse wave velocity (PWV) as an index of arterial stiffness. Methods: Nine healthy young men were randomly performed exercise on land and exercise in water equivalent to 50% of each maximum oxygen uptake on separate days. The PWV from carotid to femoral artery (aortic PWV) and femoral to posterior tibial artery (leg PWV) were measured at baseline and 15, 30, 60 min after exercise. Results: The heart rate in water was significantly lower during exercise than that on land. In addition, the carbon dioxide output and respiratory exchange ratio during exercise were significantly greater in water. Body temperature increased after the exercise on land but decreased after the exercise in water. Although the aortic PWV and leg PWV decreased concomitantly with decrease in SBP and DBP after the exercise on land, there were no significant changes after the exercise in water. Conclusion: Although acute exercise on land decreased arterial stiffness after exercise, acute exercise in water of the same exercise load did not. The differences in body temperature and blood pressure after exercise may result in diverse arterial stiffness after exercise.View full abstractDownload PDF (1032K) -
EFFECTS OF ENDURANCE EXERCISE ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT VITAMIN LEVELS IN TRAINED CYCLISTSMIOKO NAGASHIMA2011 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 279-286
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelation between oxidative stress and antioxidant status during long-lasted endurance exercise at moderate intensity is not clear. The purpose of the study was to examine changes of oxidative stress and antioxidant status during 3 hours endurance exercise at intensity of 70% heart rate reserve (70%HRR) in well-trained cyclists. Eight college cyclists participated in this study after giving the informed consent. They performed a steady-state exercise that corresponded to HR of approximately 145 bpm for 3 hours on a cycle ergometer in a laboratory. Blood samples were taken at 5 time points: before exercise (Pre), at 1 hour (Ex 1h), 2 hours (Ex 2h), 3 hours (Ex 3h) during exercise and 1 hour after exercise ( Post 1h), to analyze the oxidative stress, the antioxidant status, plasma vitamin C (VC) and vitamin E (VE) concentrations. The oxidative stress and antioxidant status were determined by using the FRAS4 analyzer. The oxidative stress (d-ROM) did not change during and after exercise. However, the antioxidant status (BAP) and the plasma VC concentration were significantly higher in Ex 1h, Ex 2h, Ex 3h and Post 1h compared with Pre. On the other hand, no changes were found in the plasma VE concentration during and after exercise. In conclusion, endurance exercise for 3 hours at the intensity of 70%HRR increased the plasma antioxidant level, and this increase may contribute to inhibit exercise-induced oxidative stress in well-trained cyclists. We suggest that regular endurance training might improve the antioxidant status in trained athletes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1058K) -
KENSAKU SASAYAMA, MINORU ADACHI2011 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 287-294
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to assess daily physical activity and time spent on activities of various intensities, and to examine the relationship between daily physical activity and physical fitness in junior high school students. The subjects were 314 junior high school students (135 boys, 179 girls, 14.0±0.1 years). Daily physical activity was evaluated using accelerometers that they wore around the waist for 10 days. The accelerometers calculated steps and time spent on activities of vigorous intensity (LC7-9: higher intensity than brisk walking). A physical fitness test (8 items) was employed to evaluate the fitness of pupils. The total accelerometer steps (counts/day) were 13772±4764 for boys and 11209±2636 for girls on weekdays, and 8311±4743 for boys and 7159±3338 for girls on weekends, respectively. On weekdays, time spent on activities with an intensity of LC7-9 (minutes/day) was 18±17 for boys and 11±7 for girls. Positive associations were found between physical fitness and daily physical activities in the case of many items. The fitness test score was significantly more highly correlated with LC7-9 than with LC1-6 in boys and girls. In the case of eighth graders, in order to reach a score of B in the physical fitness test, it was suggested that the total steps and time spent on activities with an intensity of LC7-9 may be needed at least 13000 steps and 20 minutes in boys, and 10000 steps and 10 minutes in girls, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (878K) -
TATSUYA USUI, TAKAHIRO YOSHIKAWA, SHIN-YA UEDA, YOSHIHIRO KATSURA, KEI ...2011 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 295-304
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of the present study was to examine whether amount of oral cortisol, immunoglobulin A (IgA), chromogranin A (CgA) and inflammatory cytokines, might be affected by prolonged strenuous exercise. Ten young male volunteers either exercised on recumbent ergometer at 75 % VO2 max for 60 min (exercise session) or sat quietly (resting session). Saliva samples were obtained at 60 min intervals during sessions for measurements of salivary stress markers (cortisol, IgA and CgA), salivary inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and osmolality. Saliva flow rate was decreased and saliva osmolality was increased during the 60-min exercise. Saliva cortisol and CgA concentrations and secretion rates were increased during and after the exercise, whereas saliva IgA concentration and secretion rates were decreased after the exercise. Salivary inflammatory cytokines was increased during and after the exercise. The present findings suggested a single bout of prolonged strenuous exercise caused a transient increase in the salivary cortisol, CgA and inflammatory cytokines levels, whereas salivary IgA concentration and secretion rates were decreased after the exercise. Further studies, however, are needed to delineate whether or not salivary stress markers and inflammatory cytokines may be used as biological markers to determine the host responses to acute prolonged strenuous exercise.View full abstractDownload PDF (737K) -
WATARU KUWAHARA, YUKIO URABE, YUKI YAMANAKA2011 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 305-309
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPurpose: Our aim was to investigate if such trunk muscular activation at standing could have an effect on their trunk muscular activation at leaning backward and forward and the strength of trunk isometric flexion and extension.
Methods: The Electromyography (EMG) of lumbar paraspinals (LP) and rectus abdominis (RA) were recorded for 18 healthy volunteers at three positions (standing, leaning backward and leaning forward). In addition, the strength of maximum isometric of trunk flexion and extension were measured at sitting position. Then the flexion/extension (F/E) ratio was calculated.
Results: 18 healthy volunteers were classified into Flexor group (n=5) and Extensor group (n=13). The RA-EMG of Extensor group was significantly larger than that of Flexor group at leaning backward position. Extensor group, also, had a higher strength of trunk isometric extension than that of Flexor group. Flexor group had a higher F/E ratio than that of Extensor group.
Conclusion: A meaning of this study was to investigate that there were subjects who were higher paraspinals or rectus abdominis activation. Such difference was caused from muscular activation at working upper body and demonstrating of muscular strength, and this study may be helpful to develop study of physical therapy from now on.View full abstractDownload PDF (1063K) -
García-Jiménez, J.V., Yuste, J.L., García-Pellice ...2011 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 311-318
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFutsal is a variant of soccer that is played on a smaller playing surface and mainly played indoors. It is played between two teams of five players, and unlimited substitutions per team are permitted. The purpose of this study has been to determine the body water balance and level of dehydration in field futsal players from an elite team during competition. Eight male elite futsal players (mean±SD: age: 23.5±4.5 yrs; weight 76.5±6.8 kg; height 1.80±0.12 mt) participated in the present study during six official games (Ta; 22-26 °C, RH; 32-42.33%) from the first division league in Spain. Sweat loss was calculated by the body weight looses in pre- and post-game after collection of fluid intake and urine loss. Mean fluid intake (FI) was 1.6±0.7 L. consuming 71.0±33.3% of total fluid loss. The body weight loss was 0.7±0.8 Kg, equivalent to a level of dehydration (DH) of 0.9±1.1%, which is not related to a reduction in performance. There are no significant differences in FI and DH results obtained between the games (p>0.05). We conclude that, in the players from the analyzed team, hydration status can be seen to maintain itself through regular substitutions and the correct level of fluid intake. However, data allow for an individualisation of player's hydration strategies.View full abstractDownload PDF (785K) -
NATSUKO MORI, TOME IKEZOE, NORIAKI ICHIHASHI2011 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 319-326
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study investigated the changes in muscle thickness of transversus abdominis (TrA) during trunk muscle training. The subjects comprised 30 young men (average age 20.1 SD1.6 years) without low back pain. The muscle thickness of the upper region of TrA, middle region of TrA and lower region of TrA were measured by B-mode ultrasound. Muscle thickness were measured at rest and during the following 5 exercises; abdominal drawing, curl up, trunk ipsilateral rotation, trunk contralateral rotation and both straight leg raise in supine. There were no significant differences in the muscle thickness of the upper region of TrA between resting condition and all exercises. Muscle thickness during drawing, curl up and ipsilateral rotation were significantly greater than that at rest in middle region of TrA, and the rate of change in muscle thickness was the largest for drawing. Muscle thickness during drawing, curl up and ipsilateral rotation were significantly greater than that at rest in the lower region of TrA, and the rate of change in muscle thickness was the largest for ipsilateral rotation. These results suggested that the changes in muscle thickness of TrA during trunk muscle training showed different patterns depending on the region of TrA.View full abstractDownload PDF (1296K) -
MASAHIRO HAGIWARA, MASAYOSHI YAMAMOTO2011 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 327-341
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe simulated mountain climbing using walking on a treadmill in order to systematically evaluate the physical load during mountain climbing. The conditions of three types of load-(1) inclination of the walking path (walking uphill and downhill), (2) walking speed, and (3) backpack weight-were varied within the range assumed for normal mountain climbing (40 sets of conditions in total). When the three types of load were expressed as vertical work rate, energy expenditure (VO2) during walking uphill and downhill was distributed along roughly the same curve. The following characteristics of walking uphill and downhill were observed.
A. Walking uphill
For all three types of load, increase in load gave a linear increase in VO2 and heart rate (HR). A lactate threshold (LT) appeared at an intensity of 62%VO2max, when HR was 78% HRmax. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was evaluated for the “Breathlessness” and “Leg Fatigue”, and both of these increased roughly in proportion to %VO2max.
B. Walking downhill
When walking downhill, VO2 was 35-50% the intensity of VO2 when walking uphill on the same slope and at the same speed. Energy expenditure did not exceed 60%VO2max in any of the load conditions, and no LT was seen. RPE values were higher for walking downhill than walking uphill, even when %VO2max values were the same. RPE values for the “Leg Fatigue” tended to be higher than for the “Breathlessness” at the same speed in downhill walking.
Using these data, we created a table giving the intensity of exercise of mountain climbing expressed as VO2 per unit body mass and metabolic equivalents (Mets) with vertical migration velocity and total weight (Body weight + Backpack weight) as variables. This table gives mountain climbers a systematic understanding of the physical load under various mountain climbing conditions. It is likely to be of use as a reference for mountain climbers of different levels of physical fitness when practicing mountain climbing appropriate to their individual level. The present results suggest that in downhill walking, it is insufficient to express the physical load in energy expenditure (VO2 and Mets) alone, and the load on the leg muscles must also be judged using the RPE in the “Leg Fatigue”.View full abstractDownload PDF (1594K)
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2011 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 343-363
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2011
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2011 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 364-372
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2011
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2011 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 373-377
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: July 12, 2011
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