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According to the records of collection and eye-witness shown in Table 1, the Peacock Pansy, Precis almana L. in the southmost region of Kyushu Island was certainly uncommon until 1957 and generally regarded as one of migrant species. It is noteworthy, however, that since 1958 the species became suddenly abundant and its distribution extended northward. It is an aim of this paper to consider the factors influencing the distribution and abundance of this butterfly. As reported in the previous paper, this species winters as an adult and has three to five generations a year in this region. Hibernated females exclusively lay eggs on Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae), a perennial herb, in spring. On this host plant the species can breed from generation to generation throughout the year. Some butterflies of the first or second generation, however, scatter and fly to paddy fields where grows an annual weed, Lindernia verbenaefolia (Scrophulariaceae), which serves as food for larvae and as favorable nectar-source for adults, subsequent generations being succeeded there. In the southern Kyushu Lindernia germinates from the latter of June to the beginning of July, blooms from August to November and withers in winter. In case of traditional cultivation of rice plants, this weed can not grow so thick as to breed larvae of the butterfly on account of the coincidence of the transplanting and weeding period of rice plants with the sprouting period of the weed. Since 1957 or there abouts, the early cultivation of rice plants was commenced at a number of districts and the acreage of such cultivation increased year by year. In this case some fields are left in fallow after harvest (the beginning of August at the latest), and Lindernia grows in such fields enough to breed offspring of the butterfly dispersing from the habitat in which Lippia is present. This is the main reason why a considerable number of specimens have been discovered during summer and autumn in scattered localities. If there is no Lippia, a host plant in spring, in these localities, no individual of the first generation may be discovered in the following year, even though a few females successfully hibernate. This butterfly becomes established only in the locality where Lippia is distributed. Up to the present, I confirmed that the species occurs at Sata (the southmost of the Osumi Peninsula) all the year. The restricted localities in which the species may be found established by further investigations are shown with large arrows in Fig. 1.

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Erebia niphonica amarisana subsp. nov. Extremely allied to subsp. sugitanii SHIROZU, but differs from it in having broader fulvous band of hindwing on upperside, and somewhat smaller size. This race occurs in Mt. Amarisan (1671m.) and the South Japan Alps mountains. Erebia niphonica togakusiana subsp. nov. This large race is closely similar to the race tateyamana MURAYAMA, but distinguishes it in the following points ; upperside, the fulvous red band of forewing is somewhat smaller narrower, the same of hindwing conspicuously degenerates to the small red spot or patch. This race occurs only in Mt. Togakusiyama (1911m.), Nagano prefecture. Wagimo signatus signatus BUTLER, ab. iwateanus nov. Upperside, purplish markings appear only in the space 1 and the base of the space 2. Underside, the middle and base area of both wings become darkish grey and only the marginal area is yellowish orange. There are two silver bars in discocellular and the obscure silver band outside of it. Known from the prefecture Iwate, northern Honshu. Coreana stygiana BUTLER, f, odai nov. Underside, the marginal as well as submarginal black spot lines disappear, being replaced to whitish yellow spot in male, red spot in female. The black spot in red marking at anal angle of hindwing, reduces to the slight patch. Ground colour golden yellow. The hereditary form appearing only in Akka district of the prefecture Iwate. Coreana stygiana BUTLER, f. hikosana nov. Underside, the marginal as well as submarginal black spot lines more distinct, inside of marginal black spot line, the whitish marking is parallel to it. Ground colour greyish yellow. The hereditary form appearing only in Mt. Hikosan (1200m.), northern Kyushu. Coreana stygiana BUTLER, semiakio nov. Two remarkable reddish markings appear in marginal areas of the spaces 2 & 3 in hindwing of upperside. Collected in Mt. Daisen (1713m.), the prefecture Tottori. by the author. Above-mentioned all types in author's collection.

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