The Krakatau Islands, consisting of 4 islets, are situated in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. As is well known, the islands were almost certainly completely sterilized by the world-famous big eruption in 1883. In association with the international research program on "100 years development of Krakatau and its surroundings" organized by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), the author visited there in 1982 to study the insect fauna of the islands. A total of 39 butterfly species were collected on the Krakataus, 29 on Panaitan Island and 18 at Carita, a small village along the west coast of Java. In the light of recent biogeographical theories, the faunistic features and recolonization of the Krakataus by butterflies are discussed, based on the collecting records of the present and previous surveys together with floral lists compiled by plant ecologists.
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