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Observations on sexual behaviour of the small copper, Lycaena phlaeas daimio Seitz were performed at Fukuoka in June and July from 1974 to 1977. The mating behaviour was initiated with approaching to females in flight by males which left off resting or feeding. The males, however, usually failed in successful mating because the females exhibited some mate-avoiding behaviour. The main types of the mate-avoiding behaviour were "fluttering-walk" (walking accompanied with fluttering wings) and rapid flying-away, the former being exhibited most frequently not only by impregnated females but virgin ones. The fluttering-walk seemed to have no function as a sign-stimulus to prevent males from copulation but a merely mechanical effect. It was only three cases out of 164 occasions observed that males successfully copulated with females. These females exhibited fluttering-walk before they became receptive attitude, and then the males copulated without any specialized courtship display except for the pursuit of females with wings half-opened. When virgin females reared in laboratory were presented in front of perching males, females less than three days old avoided copulation more frequently than those three or four days old. The similarity between pre-mating behaviour and mate-avoiding behaviour in butterflies was pointed out, and a breaf discussion was presented, i. e., it was probably impossible that the mate-avoiding behaviour could have evolved as a sign-stimulus.

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The author reported the two endemic Pronophiline butterflies to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, northern Colombia, Sabatoga nevada Kruger and Lymanopoda caeruleata Godman & Salvin, which were collected in the Sierra Nevada during the Scientific Expedition of Shizuoka University to the Colombian Andes, 1967 (Takahashi, 1976). Subsequently, Adams, & Bernard, (1977) revised the 24 species of the Pronophilini knownfrom the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta based on their own research in the Sierra Nevada and examining a plenty of specimens collected by them and those preserved in the British Museum (Natural History). They established three new genera, three new species and four new subspecies. They confirmed the distributions of the 13 endemic Pronophilines in this isolated mountain range. The author collected 16 species of the Pronophilini during the expedition above mentioned and reports here the data and some ecological notes of the 14 species of this tribe with illustrations of male genitalia as a second report. The endemic species collected during the expedition are as follows : Sabatoga nevada, Lymanopoda caeru!eata, Manerebia nevadensis, Sierrasteroma polyxo, Physcopedaliodes symmachus, Pedaliodes leucocheilus, P. tyrrheus, P. phazania, Paramo oculata, and Pronophila juliani.

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In this paper, new habitats of four species of the genus Catocala in Shikoku are recorded. Five males of C. duplicata were captured from three localites in Kagawa Prefecture. Seven males and three females of C. nubila and one female of C. connexa were captured on Mt. Tsurugi (1500m). These are the first records from Tokushima Pref.. Thirty-seven individuals of C. columbina are newly recorded from Shodoshima in Kagawa Pref., where the species inhabits abunduntly.

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[in Japanese]

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In the present paper, I noted six species of butterflies from Ussuri and Korea, of which two have been described as new subspecies and one has been given a new status. In Neptis themis of Central Korea, all markings of both wings are not yellow, but whitish and are more reduced than in other subspecies. Particularly, the margins of the markings of the space 2, 3, 5, 6, are not clearly defined, and tend to be reduced. So I named it ssp. kumgangsana nov.. Favonius orientalis schischkini described by the late Prof. A. I. Kurentzov (1970) is not a subspecies of orientalis, but a good species. F. schischkini is different from the original orientalis in some important points: 1) Generally smaller than orientalis of Japan (Honshu). 2) Upperside of wings in male is metallic yellowish green. (that of orientalis from Honshu in male is dull green.) 3) Ground colour of underside in both sexes is somewhat brownish grey. 4) In male genitalia, the fore part of valve is gradually pointed towards the tip, its inner side is not hollowed out as in orientalis, the dentate part is longer. The true orientalis from Ussuri is larger in size and the metallic green of upperside in male is more deeply bluish, the apex of forewing of both sexes is more pointed. In male genitalia, the strong dilatation at the middle part of brachium and hollowing of innerside of fore part of valve is not so remarkable as in the original orientalis. By above-mentioned characteristics, I named the Ussuri orientalis the subspecies primoriensis nov..

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In the present paper three new species of Deramas, Narathura and Eliotia are described. The last one is proposed to be a new genus. A new subspecies of Jacoona amrita is also described here. The holotypes are to be preserved in the Osaka Museum of Natural History.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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