Seven new species and one new subspecies of clear-wing moths from Japan and China are described. Synanthedon esperi sp. n. from Okinawa is somewhat similar to S. quercus (Mats.), but it differs from it in the completely yellow ventral part of the abdomen. The host plant is unknown. S. multitarsus sp. n. was reared from Salix sp. and Alnus sp. in Hokkaido and Honshu. It is similar to S. flaviventre (Stgr.) and S. martjanovi Shelj., but it differs from these species in swollen hind metatarsus in males. S. pseudoscoliaeforme sp. n. is described according to a single specimen from Kyoto. It is similar to S. scoliaeforme (Bkh.) in wing pattern (large, rounded discal spot of forewing), but it differs substantially from this species in the coloring of legs and abdomen. The host plant is unknown. S. yanoi sp. n. is somewhat similar to the European S. andrenaeforme (Lasp.) and to S. ulmicolum Yang & Wang, but it differs in structure of the male genitalia and in habitual details. It is known only from a few specimens from Hokkaido and Kyushu; host plant unknown. S. fukuzumii sp. n. is known from two specimens from Honshu and Kyushu, and the host plant is unknown. It is similar to S. uralense Bart., S. spatenkai Gorbunov and S. armeniacum Gorbunov. Sesia solitera sp. n., from high mountains in China, is known from a single specimen only. It is very characteristic and not similar to other Sesia species. Similipepsis yunnanensis sp. n. from high altitudes in North Yunnan (China) is known from two specimens. It is the second palearctic species of this genus and it is clearly different from all known Similipepsis species. Synanthedon scoliaeforme japonicum ssp. n. is known from a few specimens from Hokkaido and Honshu. It differs from typical 5. scoliaeforme scoliaeforme (Bkh.) in having a black anal tuft, yellowish smoked wing, and other differences.

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Habitat, adult behaviour and morphological variation of Neope niphonica Butler from Mt. Sambe, Shimane Prefecture, Western Honshu, Japan, were reported. The race from Mt. Sambe has prominent characteristics in forewing length of the summer form and colouration of wing underside in both seasonal forms.

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The male and female genitalia of A. melanaria and A. jaguararia are described and figured with a key based on the genitalia. The male genital musculature and taxonomic comments on Icterodes are also given.

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Four species of the genus Ectropis Hubner are recorded from the Philippines. E. consentanea and E. schintlmeisteri are described as new to science.

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Symbiotic relationship between the larva of Niphanda fusca shijimia and the ant, Camponotus japonicus, was investigated from the viewpoint of nutritional offering by the former. The honeydew secreted by the butterfly larva contained sugars and amino acids, and ants' preferences for them were examined.

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Lebeda gigantea sp. n. is described from Mindanao I., Philippines.

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Rapala arbaimuni sp. n. from Sumba Island is described.

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A new species, Psychostrophia endoi, is described from Laos.

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