Twenty-eight individual larvae of Apochima excavata (Dyar) were found on first and second year saplings of mulberry tree, Morus alba L., during an investigation lasting two years. There were two larval forms. One form (brown form) had a reddish brown area on the dorsal aspect and the other (green form) was entirely green. Female imagines may only be able lay where new saplings appear every year. The reason for the increasing rarity of Apochima excavata is discussed.

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An adult male of Colias palaeno (Linnaeus) was recorded at Gonoike on Mt. Norikura (altitude 3026m) on 5 August 2009. It was observed flying over sunny alpine grassland around the pond of Gonoike. It seemed likely that the individual had flown from another area because the food plant was not found in the area. The individual showed features of subspecies sugitanii Esaki with roundness in the wing apex and a narrow black belt on the outside edge etc.

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The summer form adults of Neope niphonica niphonica Butler emerged abundantly in 2008, as in 2004. Changes in daily numbers, adult behaviour and morphological characteristics are reported through the comparison between the data of the two years. The emergence of summer form adults in this area is considered to be heavily affected by the amount of snow in winter and the temperature of early summer. Through the observation of this species in 2008, the advantages and disadvantages for summer form emergence are examined.

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Migration of the butterfly, Parantica sita, from Japan to South Korea is reported for the first time.

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The number of individuals of the insect of Lepidoptera was examined by the method of the route-census and the collection by light-trap in the alpine zone (2,342-2,702m) of Mt. Norikura (altitude 3,026m). A total of 169 species (18 families) were collected in the early and late of August, 2009. There was no apparent decrease of the alpine species due to the influence of Global warming. The number of species that go up from the low altitude ground increased. The alpine species will likely experience pressure surviving if low altitude species eat the alpine plant and adjusted to the environment of the alpine region.

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Accounts of Eupithecia (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) in the Indian subcontinent in recent papers are supplemented, some little known species are described and illustrated, and some range increases documented. Thirteen new species, Eupithecia lusoria sp.n., E. rulena sp.n., E. superata sp.n., E. himalayata sp.n., E. claudei sp.n., E. nervosa sp.n., E. spinibarbata sp.n., E. fibigeri sp.n., E. filia sp.n., E. laszloi sp.n., E. singhalensis sp.n., E. kama sp.n., and E. idaeoides sp.n. are described. One species, Eupithecia pallescens Inoue, 2000 is renamed here as E. fessa Mironov & Galsworthy nom.n., because the name pallescens was preoccupied by Dietze (1910) for the Central Asian form of Eupithecia sinuosaria (Eversmann, 1848).

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A late-instar larva of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) was found feeding on bread in a residential home in Osaka. The larva may have inadvertently invaded the house, or earlier the grocery store or bakery, to ultimately feed on the bread. The larva was subsequently reared on the bread in the laboratory, but it died before pupation. This occurrence represents a rare case of the infestation of a processed cereal food by a macrolepidopteran caterpillar and the second report of bread-feeding in the cotton bollworm. Helicoverpa armigera caterpillars typically feed on leaves and flowering plant parts, including seeds, and prey on caterpillars. The wide host range and the tendency to feed on proteinous materials of H. armigera may explain this bizarre feeding behavior.

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We conducted transect and quadrat surveys of butterflies in a Satoyama woodland on Mt. Amamori, Inagawa cho, Hyogo Prefecture, central Japan from April to October in 2006, to elucidate differences in assemblage structure and species diversity of butterflies in coppices managed at different levels. In the transect survey, 204 individuals of butterflies belonging to 41 species were recorded in the whole transect, and both species richness and density were highest in the section where young Quercus acutissima trees dominated, whereas they were lowest in the section with an abandoned pine forest. In the quadrat survey, a total of 37 individuals belonging to 13 species were recorded, although most of them were recorded from 4 quadrats in coppices dominated by Q. acutissima, and few individuals were observed in quadrats in an abandoned coppice and a pine forest. In coppices, both species richness and density were higher in 2-year coppice quadrats than in 6-year ones. Our results demonstrate that both assemblage structure and species diversity of butterflies are affected by seral stages of vegetation, and traditional coppice management is effective for the conservation of species diversity of butterflies in Satoyama woodlands.

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