Four species of Hemileuca were surveyed in Texas by making road trips to field sites to collect caterpillars. Larvae of H. chinatiensis were found in low numbers in western Texas on Condalia ericoides in March 2013. Larvae of H. slosseri were found in moderate numbers in northwestern Texas on Quercus havardii in May 2014. Larvae of H. grotei were collected in April of three consecutive years (2012-2014) on Quercus fusiformis in central Texas, and Exorista mella, Chetogena spp., and Belvosia bifasciata (all Tachinidae) were reared from them, the latter a new host record. Larvae of H. peigleri were collected in May 2013 and May 2014 on Quercus fusiformis in four counties of central Texas, and Leschenaultia fulvipes (Tachinidae) was reared from them, a new host record. Cotesia (Braconidae) were reared from larvae of H. slosseri, H. peigleri, and H. grotei, the latter two being new host records. Hemileuca peigleri was newly recorded from Concho and McCulloch counties of central Texas.

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We analyzed the mitochondrial COI gene and drew phylogenetic trees of Mycalesis bushbrown butterflies in eastern Asia. In the Ryukyu islands, Mycalesis madjicosa amamiana is distributed on the Amami-Okinawa islands, and Mycalesis madjicosa madjicosa is distributed on the Yaeyama islands. In the phylogenetic tree, these Ryukyu endemic M. madjicosa species constitute a sister group with Mycalesis gotama distributed in Japan, Tsushima, southern Korea, southern China, Taiwan, and Viet Nam. This would reflect the isolation of the Ryukyu islands at 1.55 Ma, although speciation of Mycalesis madjicosa into two subspecies through the Kerama strait, and speciation of Mycalesis gotama nanda in Taiwan from the other M. gotama subspecies was probably delayed by 1 m.y. The Tsushima population of M. gotama fulginia is only slightly differentiated from the main Japan population, indicating that the Tsushima strait would act as only a mild barrier for Mycalesis.

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Male adults of the two subspecies, Byasa alcinous alcinous and B. a. loochooana, exhibit strong musk-like odors which are slightly different from each other in the odor profile perceivable by the human nose. Using wild-caught males, the chemical compositions of these odors were investigated by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Among 11 compounds identified from the male odors, seven sesquiterpenes were approximately 3 to 10 times more abundant in B. a. alcinous than in B. a. loochooana, while 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and linalool were detected only from B. a. loochooana. These qualitative and quantitative differences in particular components are considered to be responsible for the slight difference in male odors between the two subspecies.

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Tadokoro et al. (2014) reviewed intraspecific classification of Mesapia peloria (Hewitson, 1853), and drew a preliminary distribution map of distinct local subspecies, but could not complete the map due to lack of specimens. In this paper, we place more precisely the venue of the type locality, vaguely described as "at great elevation on the mountains of Chinese Tartary", and update the distribution map of this butterfly. M. p. wymanni Ziegler, 2007 is synonymized with M. p. lama (Alpheraky, 1887).

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The subspecific classification of Japanese Graphium doson (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864) into ssp. albidum (Wileman, 1903), spp. perillus (Fruhstorfer, 1908), and ssp. tsushimanum Fujioka, 1981 is reviewed based on the genital morphology and the DNA barcode sequences (655 bp of COI). In particular, the population of Okinawa-jima (Okinawa Islands), the subspecific status of which has not yet been clarified, is assigned to ssp. albidum (Wileman, 1903). In addition, the population of Tsushima Island, which has sometimes been regarded as an independent subspecies, is concluded to belong within ssp. albidum.

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