A pyraustine, Anania syneilesidis n. sp., is described from Japan, with mtDNA COI sequence and the larval habit. The species is distinct from the closely related species, A. crocealis in the western Palaearctic Region, in having different wing markings and genitalic features, in addition to well-developed pinacula on the larval skin. The larva feeds on Syneilesis palmata (Asteraceae), which is limited to eastern Asia and a new host plant for Anania species. The larvae live gregariously on the host leaves, and cut the proximal parts of the leaf veins before feeding. This performance might be explained as a defensive behavior against poisonous exudates from the host plant. The taxonomic status of the genus Ebulea which is treated as a synonym of Anania is discussed, with special reference to the genitalic features.
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