Attempts were made to raise the larvae of the Indian red admiral butterfly (Vanessa indica Herbst: Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) on red clover (Trifolium pratense: Leguminosae) in a cage. Providing red clover as the food plant for the larvae at different instar stages resulted in a higher rate of larval death in younger instars. Some larvae could successfully mature to become pupae and finally adults. The red clover-fed larvae required longer periods of time to develop into pupae, and the rate of emergence was also low. The size of pupae produced from the larvae fed with red clover was much smaller than normal, and the emergent adults were also small in size, but with no marked difference in either the form of the wings or of the arrangement of the colors on the wings. The results showed that red clover can be used as a food source for the larvae of the Indian red admiral, but it may not be ideal for maximum breeding success for this butterfly.

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Two Japanese species of Wockia are treated. Wockia koreana is newly recorded from Japan, with illustrations of adult and genitalia. A color photograph of adult W. magna is also provided. The phylogeny of the family Urodidae and the morphology and biology of the genus Wockia are summarized.

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The egg density of the endangered butterfly, Luehdorfia japonica, and the nutritional condition of its food plant, Asarum asperum, population were investigated at Mt. Kono in northern Osaka Prefecture from 2011 to 2014. For comparison, the food plant population condition was also investigated in Yoshino area where L. japonica has recently disappeared. In addition, we evaluated the amount of leaves needed for the completion of larval development of L. japonica in the laboratory. Results showed that the egg density severely declined from 2011 to 2013. The nutritional condition of A. asperum at Mt. Kono was better than that at Yoshino. The laboratory experiment showed that about seven leaves of A. asperum were consumed by L. japonica during the larval stage. The results suggest that a rapid decline was already under way in the Mt. Kono population of L. japonica in 2011 in spite of sufficiently existing food resources.

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The previously suggested association of Tonza with Plutellidae is reevaluated. One congener, Tonza citrorrhoa Meyrick, 1905, is newly recorded from Japan. Adult morphologies of T. citrorrhoa are described with photographs and illustrations, and the wing venation and genital structures of Tonza are described for the first time. New diagnostic characters are proposed for Tonza and they include: antennae almost same length of forewing; forewing with only three radial plus radial sector veins; in male genitalia, both uncal processes and socii present; in female genitalia, lamella antevaginalis strongly sclerotized. These generic characters seem to better associate Tonza with Attevidae rather than Plutellidae.

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A phycitine species, Ephestiopsis vishnu is newly recorded from Iriomote Island, Okinawa Pref., Japan and redescribed based on Japanese specimens, with the male genitalia. The larvae were feeding on Azolla imbricata in a creek by a paddy field. This species could be one of the biological control agents for exotic Azolla species.

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