We conducted field trapping tests targeting Erebinae species at three sites in Tottori and Okinawa prefectures, Japan, using (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-henicosatriene (T21), identified as the sex pheromone of Bastilla arctotaenia, and mixtures of T21 and (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-trienes with 19, 20, 22, and 23 carbon chains as pheromone lures. Traps captured 7 Erebinae species, including B. arctotaenia, with species composition varying across all three sites. Two males of Mocis frugalis (Fabricius), a pest of sugarcane and rice, were captured with a single T21, and two males of Melapia bifasciata (Inoue & Sugi) were captured with a 20:1 mixture of T21 and T23. These observations suggested that T21 may be a key component of the sex pheromones of both species, and M. bifasciata may require both T21 and T23 for male attraction.

Microlepidoptera of Iki-shima Island, Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan, were collected using HID spot light (30 W) and UV LED light (10 W) on September 16-18, 2023. Fifty-one moth species (13 families) were recognized, and all the moths were recorded from the island for the first time. Three tortricids, Bactra robustana (Christoph, 1872), Ancylis comptana (Frölich, 1828) and Rhopalovalva ayanishiki Nasu, 2022, were the first records from Kyushu.

Macrobathra nomaea Meyrick, 1914 is recorded from Korea and Japan with images of adults, habitus and male and female genitalia. We also concluded Macrobathra sp. 1 of Oku (2003) is congruent with this species based on a comparison of the genital illustrations of this species in recent references.

The larva of Pseudargyrotoza conwagana (Fabricius, 1775) was collected in the fruit of Ligustrum tschonoskii Decne in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. This is the first host record from Japan.

To calculate the low developmental threshold temperature (T₀) and thermal constant (K), eggs, larvae, and pupae of an endangered butterfly Panchala ganesa loomisi were reared at several different temperatures. The T₀ and K were 10.00 °C and 61.67 degree-days for egg development, 10.64 °C and 256.87 degree-days for larval development, 11.32 °C and 162.61 degree-days for pupal development, respectively. Using these parameters, the possible number of generations produced per year in Kasugayama (extinct population) and Boso Peninsula (extant population) were estimated. In Kasugayama, three generations could have been produced per year under the temperature conditions around 1960 when this butterfly species was present, and the seasonal occurrence of each generation roughly matched the past descriptions. In Boso Peninsula, this butterfly may have produced four generations per year under the temperature conditions of 2010s if were multivoltine, while the Boso population was thought to produce only one generation per year (univoltine) based on current findings. The factors limiting the number of generations of this endangered butterfly are discussed.

Moerarchis rectitrigonia Yang & Li, 2014 has been newly recorded from Japan. This is also the first record of the genus from the Palearctic region. Photographs of the adult specimens, wing vein, and genitalia are provided. DNA barcode data of this species are provided for the first time.

The genus Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae), which is distributed in tropical Southeast Asia, contains myrmecophytic species that exhibit symbiotic relationships with ants. Such myrmecophytes depend on ants for defense when attacked by herbivores. Although there have been records of larvae of the family Tortricidae feeding on the leaves of Macaranga trees, tortricids have not yet been identified. Herein, we report two species of Tortricidae that feed on myrmecophytic Macaranga species during their larval stages in a Bornean tropical rainforest. Gatesclarkeana idia larva was found on the inflorescence of Macaranga bancana and reared inside the laboratory on the inflorescence as food, reaching the adult stage. Homona coffearia larva was found on the leaves of Macaranga beccariana, from which symbiotic ants were experimentally removed and reared inside the laboratory on the leaves until they reached the adult stage.