The tortoise wax scale, Ceroplastes japonicus Green, is important injurious insect to garden trees.
This paper present results of a some ecological study, with especialy host plant made during 1965-1968 on the tortoise wax scale, Ceroplastes japonicus Green in Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.
The results obtained are as follows:
The natural host plants of the tortoise wax scale amounted to total of over 40 families 118 species (including varieties) were reported.
In the list, Fam. Rosaceae takes rank as the fi rst in number of species (including varieties), Moraceae as the second, and Fagaceae as the third, followed by Rutaceae, Theaceae, and Ericaceae.
This insect is one generation in a year, and the winter is passed as a fertilized female.
The female deposite her eggs beneath the body, and wich is filled by the mass of eggs. The number of eggs laid by a single female is variable, our record ranging from 23 to 1917.

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The Boboli Gardens established for the Pitti Palace by Eleonor de Toledo were planned first by Tribolo, then Ammanati and others.
The gardens are quite different from other famous gardens of the Renaissance in the following two points.
First, the Boboli Gardens has an extraordinary large extension compared with those of urban villas reflecting the times and the authority of Cosimo I.
Second, there are two centers in the gardens, while other Italian gardens of the Renaissance are always unitary, i. e. they have main vistas only from the residences, and it depends upon the fact that the gardens must have been established in South and West of the Palace built by Luca Pitti and later bought by Cosimo I.
This is the reason why the Pitti Palace has two gardens separately in the south and the west, although the ornaments in the Boboli Gardens and those of other famous gardens of the Renaissance are alike.

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The exeriments were carried out to clarify the effects of the cuttings of garden trees and shrubs in winter. The six evergreen trees and shrubs (Taxus cuspidata var. nana, Juniperus chinensis var. Kaizuka, Raphiolepsis umbellata var. minor, Ilex crenata var. convexa, Camellia japonica var. hortensis, and Rhododendron omurasaki), were used as materials.
In winter, their cuttings were placed in a coldframe (control), and in hotbeds in open air (hotbed plot) and inside a plastic house (plastic house plot). The variation of weight of the cuttings, the numbers of the cuttings which took root, and their growth, were investigated. On the other hand, they were compared with summer cuttings.
The winter cuttings of these plants were successful, when they were placed in a hotbed inside a plastic house, except Suniperus chinensis var. Kaizuka. This way of winter cutting is enough practical.

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In the condition of more or less sunlight, some trees and shrubs, generally, take possession of differerence between tolerant and intolerant. Nosurvey-method of such difference due to scientific basis, hitherto, but by experience.
Intending to find such grade data simply and practically, we come to keep some base, which is a handy chlorophyllous instrument. Leaf y branches of some trees and shrubs were set under a classified lux in our campus, we expected chlorophyllous content produced in leaves at limited hours. Having read result of such content quality indicated at instrument under each lux, we concluded biological character in tolerance as follows: Tolerant
Laurus nobilis L., Castanopsis cuspidata Schottky, Mahonia japonica DC., Camellia sasanpua
Thunb., Eurya japonica L., Ternstroemia gymnanthera Sprague, Aucuba japonica Thunb.
Half-tolerant
Daphne odora Thunb., Osmanthus asiaticus Nakai var. aurantiacus Makino, Quercus phylliraeoides A. Gray, Pittosporum tobira Aiton, Lithocarpus edulis Nakai, Cinnamomum camphora Sieb., Magnolia kobus DC., Kerria japonica DC., Nerium indicum Mill., Camellia japonica L., Viburnum awabuki K. Koch, Acer trifidum Hook. et Arn., Photinia glabra Max., Aphananthe aspera Planch.
Intolerant
Forsythia suspensa Vahl., Ginkgo biloba L., Populus nigra L. var. italica Moench, Ligustrum obtusifolium S. et Z., Salix gracilistyla Miq

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1.“The maintenance of landscape” is a consistent idea for the plan, construction and management of open spaces.
The purpose of this study is to investigate atural condition or the total environment of open spaces and to manage the landscape from the point of phytosociological view.
Landscape management for open spaces is to be based on the phytosociological results and the vegetation maps, which serve to show the total environment of the “Standort”.
2. The surveyed region is the eastern part of the Musashino tableland.
Upland area is of diluvium formation, and is overlaid by deep volcanic sediments, so-called volcanic ash. These sediments were brought to be a parent material to produce Brown forest soil. River sediments are found along River Tama and many dissected valleys. Natural forest of the surveyed region is of temperate zone, named Quercus zone.
There are three typical open spaces in this region.
(1) City Parks...Inogashira Park, Zenpukuji Park etc.(which are generally called a dissected valley park.)
(2) Scenic District...amagawa Scenic District
(3) Natural Park...usashino Metropolitan Natural Park.
3. The field survey of vegetation was made on map with scale of 1: 10, 000. The real vegetation map contains 9 vegetation units with the appropriate determination criteria. The mapping of potential natural vegetation of today follows from synthetical considaration of existing vegetation map, remains of natural forest and trees, soil profile, topography, ground water and land use. They are as follows
(1) Quercus myrsinaefolia association
a. Typical subassociation
b. Zelkova serrata subassociation
(2) Alnus japonica-Quercus acutissima community
(3) Phragmites communis community
4. Landscape management studied is as follows: (1) Landscape maintenance could be discussed with investigating and analyzing the “Standort”of open spaces.
(2) Conservation of remaining forest was treated upon, considering main spacies in its community, natural condition, human influence and maintenance of vegetation.
(3) Species of windbreak, allee, headge, ground cover planting, roadside planting and shore protection planting were selected among those in potential natural vegetation of today and its substitution vegetation.
(4) Planting Plan was made, considering both the staying power of plants against transplanting and plant succession.

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