In 1947 the first post-war Labour Government enacted the Town and Country Planning Act, which really enabled local planning authorities to establish green belts around the major cities. The Ministry prepared the map of a green belt around London based upon the plan of Abercrombie, for the guidance of local planning authorities.
Conservative Minister Mr. Sandys showed an enthusiasm in the green belt policy and asked all local authorities concerned to consider the establishment of clearly defined green belts where they thought appropriate.
Between 1954 and 1958 the development plans for the counties around London were approved, and the green belt which they contained became a reality. Provincial green belts are at various stages in the procedure for the establishment. In 1969 the green belts in England that had received at least approval in principle covered 14, 787.6 square kilometers and occupied 96 per cent of the country.
A Royal Commission, under Sir Herbert, recommended the area of the Greater London Council delimited mainly by the inner edge of the Metropolitan Green Belt.
The green belt areas are those where development control operates more strictly. Green Belt around London has therefore maintained its rural appearance.
The first official definitions of green belt seemed to have been made with the effect of the belt focussed upon the town or city, but according to the changes. of the society, green belt has ur_c ErgDne many changes in concept to embrace the amenity, recreational aims and so on.
Successive Ministers of Housing and Local Government had affirmed their intention to maintain the green belt policy and the policy as a whole has the support of many different sections of the public.
The Green Belt Policy in England, as I assume, will be maintained forever if nothing unexpected intervenes.

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The present study intends to clarify the relationship between people's content and open-space indices by means of the statistical analysis on the data of Sapporo open-space survey in 1969.
The author tried the quantification analysis proposed by Dr. Hayashi and regression analysis and could point out some results, 4 of which are as follows;
1) The area where they live gives the greatest influence on people's contentment with open spaces.
2) The living areas have been chosen on the basis of environment including open spaces, it is easily suggested that the relationship between people's content and open spaces should be close and direct.
3) Furthermore, the result of multiple regression analysis carried out between open-space indices and percentage of contented people shows the importance of the existing of tree-covered spaces.
4) People with great interests in open spaces are always more sensitive to the green than the others without interest.

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Introduction
The aim of this study is to theoretically expound the formation and thought of gardening at the Jikoin temple on Mt. Enzu, a branch temple of the Daitoku-ji of the Rinzai sect located in Koriyama city in Nara Prefecture, from the essential viewpoint of Daito Zen of the Daitoku-ji.
The essential points of this garden
The subject of this garden means the “True Man of No-rank”, the fundamental thought of Rinzai Zen.(Cf. the Rinzai-roku and Hekigan-roku) It chiefly stems from the name “Jiko” (Merciful Light) which the founder Shuban Gyokushu gave to this temple.
The conception of it means the “function of Rinzai Zen”, which based on the Case 32 of the Hekiganroku-Senior Monk Jo Asks Rinzai about the Law.
The formation is an artificial hill of the landscap which expresses the“Samadhi of the Ocean-stamps” (the realm of enlightenment) based on the versified comment on the Case 32 of the Hekigan-roku-Senior Monk Jo Asks Rinzai about the Law.

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1. Progress and stagnation of the ideas on Green Space Conservation after the war
1) Securing Open Space on the reconstruction plan
The feature of open space acquisition in the disordered period after the war was that the funder, mental policy indicated the more than 10% of city area as open space reservation. It was a great progress compared with the 3% of occupancy of Plot Planning Standard before the war.
Based on the fundermental policy, Open Space Plan of 10 million Tsubo (3, 300ha) was prepared by Mr. Ishikawa and other members in Tokyo. In that plan, total area of open space was approximately 9, 700, 000 Tsubo, comprising 34 places with the total length of 160km.
2) Green Space Zone provided by Special City Planning Act
Total area, 54, 480, 000 Tsubo (18, 010ha) of green space zone was designed outside of above mentioned open space by the Act for the purpose of 1) control of expanding cities, 1) conservation and provision of recreation for the people of cities, 3) maintenance of agricultural zone.
3) Stagnation of Green Space Strategy
Embodiment of Open Space secured by the reconstruction plan and Green Space Zone designated by Special City Planning Act were likely to occure the establishment of Green Space System. In 1949, however, the postwar construction plan was re-examined and reduced in scale to dismiss the acquisition of 10% green space. Green Space Zone has been gradually reduced its scale by the mid 1950's.
2. The movement of Open Space Conservation
In 1949, the construction of a baseball ground by reclaiming the Pond Shinobazu in Ueno Park gave rise to a big debate. People who encouraged the construction plan were mainly the people concerned with athletics such as the committee of International Baseball Ground Construction. Opposite side were City Beautification Association, Open Space Association and City Planning Association. With the effort of these organization, the Pond Shinobazu was restored to maintain its existance.
3. Hama Villa Garden and Arterial Street
In 1953, the route of passing through the edge of Hama Villa Garden was proposed on Arterial Street Plan. Many landscape Architects opposed against the route plan and insisted on its change. Although this problem was solved by chaning the route of the plan the lack of recognition of people concerned showed the serious problem about cultural property.
4. Enactment of City Park Act
In 1956, the first City Park Act of our country was enacted, though its movement has been already undertaken for a half century. The main objectives of enacting the Act were 1) to maintain parks, 2) to define the right of park management. This Act also adopted the area of 6m2 person for the standard of provision of parks. It must be mentioned that Mr. A. Satoh made a great contribution toward the enactment of the Act.
5. Civic movement of“Flower and green campaign”
In 1955, “HANA-IPPAI”civic movement, advocated by Mr. I. Komatsu in Matsumoto City was started and was gradually spread all over the country. From the latter half of 1950's, National Conference was taken place and began its activity. Now the Conference is held once a year.

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This study deal with about some problems on design of the Central Park, New York City, but don't refer to its background and effects to future, therefore its substance is just an introduction of the Growth and the Development of Modern Public Parks.
First of all it explains the situation, the scale, the environment, the topography, the geological features, and the vegetation of the park land, and the terms of the Competition on the Park Planning offered by the Park Commissioners, then persuade on the idea and the character of“Greensward”plan.
1. Frederick Law Olmsted concluded that the origin of the term“park”is a hunting ground and its appearance is most suitable environment for beasts, same time for human life, and delightfuldelightfulness of an encounter of hunters in park apply to communication and recreation for city dwellers.
2. F.L. Olmsted thought that a basic idea of park design is a creation of“rural situation”, and he definitely expressed its situation by two types that is pastoral and woodland scenery. After all he created whole area as one work of art, ont merely reserve nature.
3. By most studies on adaptation of the sunken transfares, a certain person says that it is Olmsted's original idea or the other says that he imitates the underpass of Regent's Park Zoo, London. But his hint should be long and narrow boulevards of continental cities which resemble to the Park's rectangle area.
4. We can see some formal patterns in the Park. For instance, he planned the Mall for the reason of that it is most suitable feature for communication by people. And its succeible disposition benefit by the topography of the lower park.

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