Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architects

The Deeds of Sadanobu Matsudaira in the Ornamental Lotus in the Edo Period

Satomi WATANABE

1992 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 193-208
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5632/jila1934.56.193

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

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This study refers to the deeds of Sadanobu Matsudaira (retired member of theShohgun's Council of Elders; his pseudonym is Rakuoh which means the aged man who is spiritually awakened and appreciates the universe and nature calmly) in the ornamental lotus in the Edo period.
Sadanobu Matsudaira has rendered remarkable services to the cause of the contemplation of the ornamental lotus. He collected and cultivated many cultivars of the flowering lotus at more than three places in his garden Yokuon'en. Then he admired and sketched them. His appreciation of the lotus was free from the traditional way possesed with the point of the views of literature, religion or ethics.
Moreover he had the picture book of the cultivars of lotus, Seikohfu, written. Having been scattered and lost after the war, it is regarded as the most authoritative picture book of the flowering lotus, and offers various informations of the actual conditions of appreciating lotus and the variety of cultivars in those days. Then the character and the position of Seikohfu in the picture books of lotus at that time is studied, and the variety of cultivars listed in it is presumed by the method of the cluster analysis and the like.

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Studies on the Recovering Capability of Natural Ecosystem at Factory Sites in the Urban Area

Shinobu YABU, Keisuke NOMURA, Akitugu FUJITA

1992 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 209-223
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5632/jila1934.56.209

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In order to understand the recovering capability of the ecosystem in the large cities, the dynamics of vegetations, invertebrates and vertebrates were investigated on the openspace about thirteen hectares in Arakawa Ward, Tokyo Prefecture from 1986 to 1990. On this openspace, there were factories from 1917 to 1980. They were removed during the two years ending January 1979.
On the investigated site, vegetations estabulished naturally. In 1988, they consisted from hygrophytic communities with Typha angustifolia, Phragmites communis, etc., and xerophytic communities with herb species such as Solidago altissima, Artemisia princeps, Plantago asiatica, and others.
In respect of the wildlife and insect, 63 species of birds, 4 species of amphibians, 7 species of fishes, one species of crustacean, 30 species of dragonflies (Odonata), 26 species of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), and other 76 species of insects were identified from 1986 to 1990.
On this site, the ecosystem which had birds for example Egretta garzetta, Falco tinnunculus interstinctus etc. as high predators, developed.
It was suggestted that the rivers and openspaces from nature habitats to one's destination were important as movement corridors.

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The Birth of Yellowstone National Park and its Idealization

Taiichi ITO

1992 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 224-242
Published: December 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5632/jila1934.56.224

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

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It is often said that the Yellowstone National Park was established to conserve the natural environment and to be used for public recreation. In this paper, this thesis is carefully examined by tracing the formation process described in various documents. Then, the idealizing process of the national park idea was also investigated.
This research clarified that Yellowstone was established not for environmental conservation but for tourism which was promoted by the Northern Pacific Railroad, and that the monumental landscape was protected as scenic resources for that purpose as well as forth enationalism Americans are looking for at that period.
The idealization of the objectives of the national park was promoted by the National Park Service as well as supporting people. Especially interpretation spread the idealized images of the national park. As the result, the gap between the real park conditions and the image was widened, and the park management was left behind the dilemma.

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