The present communication serves as an introduction to the categories of natural forest stands by means of interpretation of aerial photos carried out for well over the past dozen years by the author, and at the same time, describes its application to land surveys, as summarized in the following.
1) A Study of the nature of aerial photos evidences, the following merits: recordability, objectivity, . reproductivity and expressibility. Taking into consideration these characteristics, we discussed the qualitative and quantitative representation of objects by aerial photos corresponding to the photographing altitude. Furthermore we defined the interpretation of aerial photos as “the coordinated understanding of qualitative and quantitative data of a photographed object by means of aerial photos accomplished for a certain purpose of the object”.
2) In the study of forests by means of aerial photos, we stressed the fact that the categories of forest stands are the essentials preceding any survey. The author's method of classification of forest stands is based on the premises of completion by means of land survey; thus accuracy could be expected.
3) In the Japanese history of utilization of aerial photos, importance was attached more to the quantity than to the quality. This is particularly true in case of forest studies during the period of high economic growth after 1955.
4) The present communication describes in detail the various interpretations of aerial photos: tree crown stratum, group of tree species, class of density, class of tree height, etc. Furthermore we described the changes in the forest aspect and the estimation of wood volume of a forest stand as an example of the study, which made us understand that this is the practical category of forest stands.
5) We described the vegetation study, the survey of afforested zones in cities and plans for landscaping as an application to land survey. We could understand that the method of interpretation of aerial photos mainpoint of which is the mutual confirmation of “land aerial photo” by means of eyes and legs of human beings enables us to sufficiently cope with all kinds of land survey.

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Introduction
The End and Means of This Study
The end of this study is to [theoretically] expound teh conception and expression of the gardening in the Eiho-ji temple on Mt. Kokei through the Muchumondo (Questions and Answers in the Absolute Dream) by Muso-kokushi.
In the Muchu-mondo Muso-kokushi says that gardening is an expedient sermon that concretely shows the Buddha-mind, free from words and phrases or special transmission outside of the Buddha's. teachings; that none but those who through zazen realize the identity of self and others or find the all-creating source in the changes of the four seasons can appreciate the core of mountains, water, trees and springs [in the garden]; and that gardening leads a practitioner to the intuitive realization of his original Buddha-nature and the salvation of sentient beings...the ultimate end of Buddhism.
The realm of enlightenment, the primary meaning of Zen, has ever been expounded intuitively and and directly. In this case, words and phrases are always connected with truth. They utter the words “freedom from words and phrases” for fe ar that excessive theoretical dispute should bring truth to nothing, just as ivy and vine mantle a big tree to its death. But the garden of a Zen monastery is a means by which we can give up the attachment to words and phrases and attain the ultimate reality.
Muso-kokushi further says that a talk about the conception and expression of the gardening is against the original meaning of Zen. To expound theoretically, therefore, the conception and expression of it, we need a practical and intuitive realization. In this case, it is by a scientic strictness throngh historical materials that we can exactly certify subjective and intuitive realization [of truth]. Consequently, through visionary intuition and historical materials, I am going to expound [theoretically] the conception and expression of the gardening in the Eiho-ji temple on Mt. Kokei.
Zen is, as mentioned above, beyound words and phrases. But, on the other hand, they have hitherto made, happy to say, the most earnest efforts to express their realm of enlightenment through the versified comments, Zen literature or Zen paintings. If we study the garden of a Zen monastery from this original viewpoint of Zen, we shall find that the allotment of land, the structure of stones, or plantations represent their true merits beyond words and phrases. This forms the most pertinent index to the process of this study.
The Summary of the Garden of the Eiho-ji Temple
The subject of this garden shows the long atrict practice after enlightenment...the fundamental thought of Rinzai-Zen based on the Rinzai-roku...by Muso-kokushi, founder of the Kokei-an; the conception of it shows the thorough realization of his true Self through zanen stemming from the Rozan-ki (A Guide of Lu-shan); the structure ex-presses the realm of the original enlightenment based on the Shodo-ka (The Song of Enlightenment) by Yoka-daishi. This is the garden of the Rinzai Zen monastery where we walk about trees and springs.

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1. Urbanization and Green Conservation
The Japanese economy entered the high growth rate period from the reconstruction period during 15years from the mid-1950's and many cities expanded rapidly during this period. However, thoughts and measures for green conservation did not grow at a fast rate during this period. Rather, priority was given to productivity of ecnomy and time passed while thoughts and measures on green conservation were still in a perplexed and confused condition.
The first feature of urbanization in the 1960's was construction of large-scale residential spaces and the method of development was such that high efficiency transformation from green space to residential space was left to the ability of technicians. Senri, Kohri, Tokiwadaira, Makomanai and Ohasa are new towns which were developed during this period but measures for green space wer not suffiicient in all of these.
The second feature is that new industrial cities and industrial belts were developed in the coastal areas from 1963.(next issue)
2. Industry and Highways, and Green Conservation
Historical parks and gardens have been lost by construction of industrial lands and municipal highways. In Yokohama, the Sankeien Garden wich commanded a view of the sea became isolated in the midst of industrial land. And in Osaka, the seabathing beach disappeared from Hamadera Park as a result of construction of industrial land by reclamation.
In Tokyo, the edge of Shirogane educational Nature Garden was cut off by construction of the Metropolitan Highway and also, plants in the garden have been damaged by automobile emission gas.
3. Laws Related with Green Conservation
The government enacted laws for presernation of trees and conservation of green space zones but the contents of these laws were only passive measures.

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