-
Jiro ASANO, Takahiro NAKA, Eijiro FUJII
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
1-6
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
We analyzed the changing process of washing basin in a shoin style garden using landscape books of Edo period like Thukiyama-sensiroku by Toboku-Anshu and Tukiyama-teizoden by Ritoken-Akisato.
View full abstract
-
Norio HIDA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
7-12
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
“Kemari”, one of the old Japanese sports, was introduced to Japan from China at 7th century. In the beginnig Kemari was played with a ball in the garden of the peerages's residence. But gradually the ground of Kemari was established and “Kakari” to which the ball was kicked were planted. The kakari's trees were cherry tree, willow, maple, pine tree and others. From the viewpoint of Landscape architecture, the trimming techniques of the garden were used for Kakari. And for the pavement of the ground, soil and sand were mixed and tightened sometimes with salt.
View full abstract
-
Moonho PARK, Kimio KONDOH
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
13-18
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
This study attempts to consider the possibility of greening in the interface space of the historic urban block in Nara. The outline of the contents and the results are as follows; 1) According as the size of housing site increases, the open space is increased.The open space is characterized by the type of interface elements and greenery. 2) Based on the human needs for the interface space, We deal with the landscape evaluation (hard characteristics) and questionaire survey (soft characteristics). From the six relationships of two characteristics, the possibility of the greening may be investigated. 3) In order to satisfy the feeling of green-sufficiency and conserve the historic landscape, the greenery space in the interface space is increased. The possibilty of greening in the small open space was found that the green-sufficiency is satisfied by increasing the greenery space. On the case of the large open space it is also possible by introducing the green-sufficiency even if the rate of greenery space is low.
View full abstract
-
Kimihiro NISHIMURA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
19-24
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
This paper consider the appearance of “Gardens For practical Ues”, in “the competitions about the plans for a house” during the latter half of the Taisyo Period and the former half of the Showa period, from the view point of its relationship with the arrangement of rooms in the house.
Their appearance seems to have reflected the facts as follows. That model for them in Europe and the United States developed under strict financial constriction of the World War One, so those fitted for the situations of Japan during that period, that is, the period from the great deppression to World War Two.
Through that period, their style had experienced little change or development. And the financial constriction on the side of the client seems to have been the main factors of such stagnancy. But the appearance of such a kind of gardens itself shows development of new view to gardens that is different from the traditional views in Japan.
View full abstract
-
Makoto SUZUKI, Kazuhiro TAZAKI, Isoya SHINJI
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
25-30
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The methods taken in this study were Semantic Differential Method, Chi-Square Evaluation and Factor Analysis. 140 SD-data of foreigners and 155 SD-data of Japanese were taken at 7 points in 5 Japanese gardens, which were Heianjingu (3 points), Nijyoujyo Ninomaru, Kontiin, Ryoanji, and Tenryuji gardens. Through the research it was pointed out that the foreigners imaged “colorful, bright and lively” feeling on the Japanese gardens, whereas the Japanese imaged “gloomy, dark and quiet” feeling which is considered an important factor in terms of “Shibumi”, “Wabi” and “Sabi”.
View full abstract
-
Yasuyuki SASATANI, Hisatada MARUYAMA, Takekazu KOYANAGI, Koichi YAMAGA ...
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
31-36
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
There are more than 30 Hakkei-8 landscapes named after Chinese poem-in Johoku, north region of Ibaraki prefecture. The ame of this study is to realize selection rule and landcsape structure in Hakkei. As a resullt, Hakkei was classified following 3 types.
1) Pretotype: This type applied to phrases of landscape in original Shosho Hskkei.
By using of prototype, we can select new landcsape and we can refine landscape appreciation.
2) Beauty spot type: Most of this were selected from old beauty spot.
3) Conpromised type: Landscape of this type were compromised of 1) and 2).
View full abstract
-
Junichi OGURA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
37-42
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Old pictures are sometimes used as references to tell the past vegetation. But it is not easy to show the accuracy of those depictions in most cases.
This study shows the past vegetation of hills and mountains around Kyoto through the analysis and consideration of the pictures of “
Teito-gakei-ichiran (Elegant Sights of Kyoto)”, which was published in the Bunka era (1804-1818 A. D.). In this study, skylines of hills and mountains seen in the pictures are often compared with those of today and those estimated by topographical maps.
The results shows that the vegetation or landscape of hills and mountains around Kyoto in the Bunka era was largely different from today: low vegetation was common on the hills and mountains and forests of small area were also common there.
Such landscape seems to be a reflection of life of those days when life was deeply dependent upon forests.
View full abstract
-
Isoya SHINJI, Takeshi SHIMIZU, Tamito TAKEMATA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
43-48
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The inner landscape of Japanese garden is easily confused by a tall building beside it, because the main landscape characterisity is in its miniaturized landscape and circuit type. Especially modern buildings which have great contrast on 0 size, 02 scale, (3) form, (4) material, and (5) color with Japanese gardens make fatal landscape destruction in the stabilized inner garden landscape.
This study searched the present situation ((1)-(5) 0) of tall buildings by which landscape destruction were caused in 5 Japanese gardens in Tokyo, and analized the distance and height-analysis of the angle of elavation-which indicates a sense of oppression from the buildings.
View full abstract
-
Saburo KIMURA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
49-54
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The same method of this study is referred in “ZOEN-Zasshi”(vol.50), Namely; their historical-interrelations of Landscape Gardening are affected only as one sided action from their, but not deeply. This is dependent upon Japanese Landscape and National trails.
View full abstract
-
Shunsaku MIYAGI
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
55-60
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Residential open space in the historic urban area has been obtaining new forms and meanings in its existence in the process of modernistic space renewal. The gross composition of buildings and open spaces on a residential site has lost its original form resulting from overall renewal of a site and been transformed by partial one along with the reconfigulation of traditional ‘niwa’(yard or garden) space. The process and results of the transformation were clarified in the form and meaning of ‘niwa’ space remained by examiniation in some quantitative aspects of physical space and by comparative analysis of building floor plans and their relationship with the ‘niwa’ space before and after the renewal. The spatial meanings of the ‘niwa’space has shifted from those of the space that maintains structurally central characters on a site in the traditional setting to those that represents a partial compornent of the overall composition in the modern setting.
View full abstract
-
Goro YANAGI
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
61-66
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The public garden of Taisho period has come to assume serious in the formation of urban district. The townlots was done for a background with the readjustment of arable land. Public garden began to turn the land into townlots. The effectual reservation method in readjust lands was influenced under a substite lots. But the partitions of agricultural land interests lack flexibility to administrative use. The good instance is the Garden City Company that put in practice apply the Arable Land in Readjustment Act. It will not lead to any practical result in the interest of the public. The need of such the Town Planning and Zoning Act was keenly felt. Tokyo extended residential suburb carried out the town planning and zoning, in a spring-fed pond made use of garden area. The principle that beneficiaries should pay for part of the land adjustment, as the result, the local municipl corporation is able to acquire the ownership of public garden area.
View full abstract
-
Satomi WATANABE
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
67-72
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
This study is concerned with the meaning of the “greens”, the plants for landscapeing and the landscape planting, from the viewpoints of the principle of Landscape Architecture. The “greens” means the natural structural unities composed of the plants and their bionomical and landscaping elements, which intermediate and transmit the force of Mother Nature. The plants for landscaping are the main elements forming the “greens”. The landscape planting includes the following categories; the protectional landscape planting, the coservational landscape planting, the expanding landscape planting and the inventing landscape planting.
View full abstract
-
Kenichiro FUJISAKI, Yu IKEDA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
73-78
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A study was carried out on the recent situation of the supply and demand for nursery stocks used in landscape planting. The historical changes in the amount of nursery stock from 1973 were looked into. Total amount of nursery stock increased repidly until 1974, and then began decreaseing. The ratio of trees to shrubs slightly increased until 1975. Since then, it has decreased on a continuous bases. The number of evergreen trees increased radically until 1975, but quickly declined after that year. The number of non woody trees (such as palm trees and bamboos) fluctuated from year to year. An investigation was then carried out into the regional distribution of nursery stock. Broad leaved evergreen trees were not grown in Hokkaido. Growth was restricted due to the cold wather. They were therefore produced in southern Japan. As for the destribution of conifers and deciduous trees, these trees were not affected so much by the climate compared to evergreen trees. Each species is produced in a particular district, but as a whole, conifers and deciduous trees were produced in almost all of Japan. In some prefectures, the number of stock trees changed drastically from year to year, while in other prefectures the number was rather constant. Other trends in the production of nursery stock are also described in this paper.
View full abstract
-
Mikiyo YAMANE, Toru ITO, Makoto YONEKAWA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
79-84
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
It was worked out a way to make aggregate soil containing a hydrophilic polymer. The aggregate soil has high moisture holding ability and high water resistant. We studied the propaties of the soil and the effects on the rooting of landscape planting with the soil. We originated the test method that was medium separation to compare treated soil each other. Rooting was test compared with aggregate soil containing a hydrophilic polymer and several soil by the the root medium separate method. The root growth was better aggregate soil containing a hydrophilic polymer more then another soil on most tested plants except Japanese Privet and Common Camellia.
View full abstract
-
Yoshinobu HARAZONO, Hideo IKEDA, Isao NAKASE
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
85-90
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
We developed a simple hydroponic system for the rooftop vegetation consisting of light weight materials for planting substrates and an equipment for water supply. The cultivation experiment has been conducted from July 1987 to June 1988 on the rooftop floor of the college building of University of Osaka Prefecture. Three materials of planting substrates; rockwool, peatmoss, and perlite were used and tested whether these were adaptable for the cultivation of plants on the rooftop or not, especially the rockwool was tested in detail.
Many kinds of plants grew well on the rooftop floor by the system, in spite of the thickness of substrates were as thin as 75 to 100mm in the case of the rockwool. It is revealed that the rockwool is able to apply for the substrate of the rooftop vegetation by transplanting of younger tree or seedling.
The amount of evaporation from rockwool substrate on the rooftop occupies 40% for ground covering plants and 80% for low bush trees of total evapo-transpiration, so the mulching by any ground covering plants is effective for water consumption, good landscape, and managements of cultivation.
In this system, it is very easy to move the plants with substrates, so that we can plan rooftop gardens with many patterns of plants layout. The vegetation system would contrbute to make the good landscapes on rooftops and open spaces in the urbanized areas.
View full abstract
-
Hitoshi UCHIDA, Nobuhiro HAGIWARA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
91-96
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The end-limit of the pruning time for next year's blossoming worth appreciation was experimentally attested under 1987's meteorological conditions with rhododendrons such as Rhododendron oomurasaki Makino and Rhododendron indicum Sweet. The settling ratio of rhododendron flower sprouts is largely affected by being pruned or not, and if pruned, where and when pruned. It was determined that it has been all right to prune this year's branches by 10 weeks after blossoming (July 28) for R. oomurasaki and 5 weeks (August 11) for R. indicum respectively, to prune last year's branches immediately after the end of blossoming for both species, to prune this year's branches lightly only 10 weeks after blossoming (September 15) for R. indicum, and to heavily prune this and last year's branch mixture by 4 weeks after blossoming (August 4).
View full abstract
-
Tetsuya KONDO
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
97-102
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A Iaboratory test was made of the germination of the seeds of four wild flower species which are considered important members of the attractive grassland community.
Measurements were conducted on freshly-collected and stored seeds. Responses to storage methods (dry and wet at 3°C), temperature, and light conditions in relationship to germination were examined.
Ixeris stoloniferam The effect of light on germination was not recognized. Germination of seeds with stratification was inhibited, but seeds in dry storage at 3°C maintained their initial germinability.
Ixeris dentata Almost no germination was observed in the dark. Germination was accelerated by stratification or under illumination. Seeds showed the best germinability when given both treatments.
Picris hieracioids subsp. japonica and
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Good germination was observed not only in the light but also in the dark in these species. Stratification or illumination raised their germinability.
View full abstract
-
Ken OKINAKA, Takayasu SIZUHATA, Masaaki HORIGUTI, Tatuaki KOBAYASHI
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
103-108
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
We had investigated the condition of salty wind damage of the deciduous trees at the seaside reclaimed land of Chiba breeze, the development of leaves of
Platanus orientalis and
Salix babylonica was remarkable, but that of
Liriodendron tulipifera was few. As the branch of
S. babylonica is long and
P.orientalis and
L. tulipifera those large leaves were eminently damaged by strong wind.
View full abstract
-
Syozo SHIBATA, Sumiji KOBASHI, Yukihiro MORIMOTO
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
109-114
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Net photosynthesis rate of four evergreen broad-leaved tree species (
Quercus glauca, Castanopsis cuspidata var.
Sieboldii, Machilus Thunhbergii and
Myrica rubra) of some growth status, which are planted six years ago as reclamation work of Takahama power station, Fukui Prefecture, was measured with a portable photosynthesis analyzer (LI-6200 of LI-COR Inc.) in summer fine day. The results are as follows:(1) The change of photosynthesis rate of a day was classified into three types, which were that formed smooth mount shape, that had a peak in morning and that sank in mid-day.(2) According to the condition of growth, Ieaf teperature and quantum, each species showed interesting responses in photosynthesis activity.(3) It considered that these differences were referred to high temperature, luck of moisture, condition of growth and the relaion between source and sink in plants.
View full abstract
-
Kiwako KAMEOKA, Akira MISAWA, Keiji TAKAHASHI
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
115-120
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
This paper is concerend with the relationsip between decline of Cryptmeriae (Cryptmeria japonica) and soil acidity in kanto plain.
The results of this study are as follows;
1) PH are lower and values of exchange aluminium (Ex-Al) are less at the soil of the root or the heavy declining grade direction.
2) E/R value of fine roots increases in proportion to E/R value of Ex-Al.
3) E/R rate of fine roots is higher at the heavy declining grade of Cryptmeria. For results mentioned above, it is expectable and prisipitation caught at the crown fllows down along the main shoot of Cryptmeria and soil acidity affects decline of the grow of the tree.
View full abstract
-
Hironobu YOSHIDA, Yukihiro MORIMOTO, Hiroyuki KATO
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
121-126
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Tree growth progress was surveyed and investigated on the man-made slopes in Hukui Prefecture, on which deciduous and evergreen broad-leaved seedlings were planted densely about 15 years ago. This case of tree planting on man-made slopes was an early one in Japan. The surveys were carried out 5 times from 1976 to 1988. The results were obtained as follows;(1) the tree growth is generally progressing at a good pace.(2) while some deciduous trees are more dominant on overstory than evergreens, the forest structure, such as number of tree species or survival species, are different between deciduous species on overstory.(3) soil conditions are also developing steadily, the fact obtained from our measurement of the soil respiration rate.
View full abstract
-
Hiroyuki YAMADA, Yorikazu MARUTA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
127-132
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In this study we measure the activities of open spaces for mitigate severe climate on summer seasons and examin them in statistical methods in order to get the basical data for open space arrangement theory in the urban areas. The results are as follows;
1. The correlation between the minimum temperature and the greenery ocoupancy rate is clear and the regression formulas show that the 10% increase of the greenery occupancy rate will reduce the temperature 0.2-0.3°C.
2. The amounts of open spaces in small area the maximum temperature and the temperature reducing effect is more intense than the case of minimum temperature.
View full abstract
-
Akira KOBAYASHI, Yoshimitsu AOKI, Nobuhiro HAGIWARA, Kouhei ONO, Tsune ...
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
133-138
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The authors prepared test yards for measuring fading (or discoloration) and variation of surface temperature on pavements. The grounds were paved with two different materials, which were concreate blocks and asphalt. After construction, the pavements were painted in four colors of two different kind of paints, which were inorganic silica paints and acrylic resin paints. The colors of the pavements were mesured with the colorimeter for ten months. The surface temperature of each color area was measured with the noncontact radiation thermometer, in the daytime of summer and autumn. The fading and the discoloration of the pavement was certified (table 2, 3, 4). The variation of surface temperature on the pavement was also certified (fig. 3, 4, 5). The surface temperatures of the pavements were negatively correlated to the luminous reflectance of the pavements (fig. 6).
View full abstract
-
Mitsuo KONDO, Takashi TORIYAMA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
139-144
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
An experiment was performed to determeine if viewing a green object would indeed result in reduction of visionary fatigue caused by visual display terminal operation. The method used in this experiment is the following. Fifteen participants are selected to spend one and a half an hour operating a personal computer and subseqently are exposed to 6 different types of visual stimulants such as a potted plant. Flicker Counts are then taken before and after the experimental activities to find out how each stimulant affects the rate at which visionary fatigue is reduced. The resulting Flicker Count Reduction Rates are:
a) no stimulation 5.80%
b) viewing of artificial trees 4.73%
c) viewing of buildings at a distsance 3.86%
d) viewing of a potted plant 3.03%
e) viewing of mass green at a distance 3.00%
f) viewing of lawn 1.23%
These results suggest that viewing of real green objects after having operated on a personal computer terminal (VDT) for a given time would indeed lead to reduction in the visual fatigue factor.
View full abstract
-
Hiroshi ISHIKAWA, Shigeru HORI, Kaoru SAITOU
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
145-150
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In this paper we have done two experiments. In one, we tried to classify the cutting-slopes in the mountain road and they were classified into six groups. In another, we tried to analyze the effect of the planted-tree-band in the mountain road, as a result, it was found that in the higher density the trees were planted, the better valution they had.
View full abstract
-
Kazuhiko TAKEUCHI, Ichiro KAJIURA, Toshiya OHKURO
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
151-156
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
For the conservation of genetic resources environmetal characteristics of the habitats of wild fruit trees are analyzed in connection with the growth of these trees and the structure and dynamics of plant communities. Vegetation management systems to conserve genetic resources and to utilize their habitat as open space are considered.
Because wild fruit trees are intolerant of shade they generally usually grow in the seral stages of plant succession except for those on particular sites such as limestone terraces. Therefore for the maintenance of the habitats of wild fruit trees, it is necessary to reorganize the vegetation management applying the system of coppice forests.
View full abstract
-
Shinobu YABU
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
157-162
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In order to develop an attractive floorscape by the maltiplication of
Solidago virgaurea L. subsp.
asiatica Kitam., one of native perennial plants with yellow-colored flowers, in the recreational forest, these raising seedlings were experimentally planted in the
Quercus serrata stands on the upper slope at Miki City, Hyogo Prefecture from 1983 to 1985.
Results were as follows. Under about 50% relative light intensity on the forest floor,
S. virgaurea subsp. asitica satisfactorily grew, flowered and seeded. In this condition, fertilizing and watering were not necessary for the growth of this species. But pesticide spray was required to contorol aphides and powdery mildew. Flowering term of this plant was from the middle of October to the end of November. In order to regulate commpetitive plants, at least, brush cutting once a year in winter and weeding in summer every two or three years were required.
View full abstract
-
Kumiko OKUBO, Hisayuki MAENAKA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
163-168
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
1) The aim of this study is to clarify the regeneration processes of plantsin mixed
Taraxacum officinale-Paspalum dilatatum planted communities. Plants were repeatedly mowed at different time intervals (at every two (2W), Four (4W), eight (8W) and twenty-four (24W) weeks) and at different heights (0cm and 5 cm above ground).
(2)
T. officinale and
P. dilatatum have a similar regeneration behaivior. At first, the mowed plants regenarate the above ground photosynthetic organs using resources stored in root systems. The greater proprtion of photosynthesized substances appeared to be brought back into root systems. The proportion used for producing more leaves appeared to be smaller.
(3) The growth rates of above ground biomass of
T. officinale in all treatments, except 2W-0cm treatment mowed at two weeks interval at 0 cm, nearly equaled that of control (24W-0cm or 24W-5cm). Most of plants in the 2W-0cm treatment were killed by the end of experiment. Even if
T. officinale was covered by
P. dilatatum, the
Taraxacum plants were able to make photosynthesis in the densely crowded communities by erecting their root-leaves.
(4) The flowering of
T. officinale received no harmful effects from periodically repeated mowing in mixed planting conditions.
T. officinale continued to bloom for a long period even in 24W-5cm treatment.
View full abstract
-
Makoto IDE, Hiroshi MORIYAMA, Naokuni HARADA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
169-174
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The Present study was designed to classify spatial distribution pattern of forestislands and to clarify their ecosystem conservation potential in rural landscape.
The relation between land characteristics and land use was analyzed in water catchment of Sakura River in Ibaragi Prefecture, applying φ-indicater (tab-1). Spatial distribution pattern of forest-islands was classified to 4 type, 1) natural 51 stands of forest-islands were studied phytosociologically in 2)-type area to clarify their ecosystem conservation potential. Principal Component Analysis was applied to the 4-rank coverage data of 38 herb-layer species, 30-70% constancy (tab-2, 3, fig-1). The first principal component was positively correlated with the percentage of the natural forests around their stands (fig-2).
In view of above results, it is implied that it is necessary to maintain every successional stage diversely through the species recruitment potential to keep up ecosystem conservation potential of forest-islands in rural landscape.
View full abstract
-
Yoichi KUMAGAI
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
175-180
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The purpose of this study was a proposal of the evaluation method for recreational function of forest. Using the forest data file of Kanagawa Prefecture, the pyhsical evaluation was investigated. On the other hand, residents evaluation for forest recreation were investigated by mail questionaire. The new evaluation method was deviced by synthe sizing results of two investigations.
View full abstract
-
Masami SUGIMOTO, Hiroyuki KANEKIYO, Souichi SATO
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
181-186
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The object of this article is to recognize landscape evaluation in street spaces based upon different positions of people.
The attractive street named “Keyaki-Douri” in the downtown area of Fukuoka City was chosen as a case study. Research methodology was comparative analisys of experince based on quetionnaires. Research was directed to the establishment of guidelines for urban street redevelopment, based on relationship between spatial-perception and street spaces.
The study-result was a clarification of the relation between space-evaluation and userviewpoint.
View full abstract
-
Hisayuki MAENAKA, Narushi YOSHIDA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
187-192
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Walkway in recreational area are facilities not merely for traffic but also for recreation. It is necessary to control pedestrian traffic volume under some critical value for keeping amenity on the paths. To estimate the pedestrian traffic carrying capacity, field surveys were made. They revealed the relationship between the pedestrian volume and the velocity of each visitor. The velocity decreased with the increase of pedestrian traffic volume. The deviations in velocity also decreased. This means that at heavier traffic volume, visitors cannot choose their velocity freely because of the crowded condition. The mean velocity was approximated as v=69.35-0.54t, and the standard deviation of the velocity s=15.06-0.17t, in whicht is traffic volume. Under conditions in which there is no restriction due to crowding, which can be supported as the desirable situation, the velocities ranged from 39 to 99m·min.
-1 By using the two equations, the percentage of visitors, whose velocities would be controlled out of the desirable range, could be calculated at any traffic volume. The study revealed that more than 85% of the visitors could enjoy walking within the desirable range of velocity if the traffic volume is kept under than 9.8 visitors·min.
-1·m.
-1.
View full abstract
-
Megumi ASO, Noriko AMEMIYA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
193-198
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The purpose of this reseach concerning landscapes created by lasndscaping project, is to analyze how they are acceped by the local people and the party concerned, and try to aquire ideal style of landscaping project and a guide for its design.
We choose lakeside district of ‘Nisinoko’ in the suburbs of Ohmi Hachiman city, Shiga prefecture as a reseach area. We took pictures of bridges, shores and roads that were the objects of landscaping project beforehand, and showed them to farmers in this region, citizens in the city and the local government officials in charge, then we asked them the images of these pictures. By this image examination, we evaluate each landscaping project.
As a result, effective projects in the lakeside district were wooden bridges, curving of roads, planting on shores and so on. On the other hand, the less effective or evil ones were piled up stones for shores, shores made of logs and uniform planting design, etc.
In addition, it was found that the evaluations of the log shores greatly differ among the citizens in the city, government officials in charge and the people in the area.
View full abstract
-
Seigo ITOH, Takuo BABA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
199-204
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The object of this consideration is to establish the method of thinning for forest amenity. The choice of reserving trees and cutting trees, considering the contnual succession of the forest, was done in three plantation by the authours, a specialist for forest treatment and students. The trees chosen by these groups are different from each others. Examining these differences, it became clear how to improve the plantation as a forest for amenity and how to change it for its continuous succession. The thinning for forest amenity is to accelerate the regenaration in the order of ecological sequence. This thought has a likeness to Moller's thought about the continuous forest.
View full abstract
-
Jeho KIM, Yoshio NAKAMURA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
205-210
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The japanese and chinese poetry composed in japanese style-garden are assumed to be an essential tool in suggesting a manner of appreciating sights and in making mental correlation between the elements of scenery. In this sense, it is not too much to say that versification in garden constitutes a part of an important gerdening work besides formative arrangement of visual objects.
As a result of consideration on the implications of versification at landscape experiences through the investigation of old records about gardens, it was found that an act of versification in japanese style-gardens could be deemed as one kind of technique of landscape management by linguistic or semiotic tool.
View full abstract
-
Shuji SUZUKI, Shigeru HORI
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
211-216
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In this study, we performed a visual-psychological experiment to make the Japanese view of nature clear. The results are as follows.
1. The relation between the estimation of naturalness and the liking in natural forests iscontrary to the one in artifical forests. Most favorite forest landscapes are estimated ‘half-natural’.
2. The estimation of naturalness is decided by the physical features of forests, and isdifferent from the grade of the vegetation naturalness.
View full abstract
-
Kei ISHII, Akio SHIMOMURA, Osamu SHINOHARA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
217-222
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The aim of this article is to find design principles as to steps of water's edge. Therefore we classified steps of water's edge into systematic types through the investigation of classical ones at first. And by analyzing characteristics of these types, we have found some design principles, for instance, the principle of the continuation of water's edge line.
View full abstract
-
Akio SHIMOMURA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
223-228
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
People in Edo and Meiji era staied for a long term at the hot-spring resort. People might be able to keep calm and not to grow tired there, because it had characters of clear space-structucture. The aime of this paper is to clear space-structure of the hotspring resort in those days by means of refering sketch maps, the other documents and field survey in Atami and Kusatu which was famous hot-spring resort in Edo era. As the result of this work, the whole image of space-strukture and mechanisms to organize own space from inside and outside was ascertained.
View full abstract
-
Masanao IUCHI, Kaoru SAITOU, Shinichirou FUJITA, Masaaki YUI
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
229-234
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The index of several expression models of landscape, such as size, distance, texture of structure tell us how the structure harmonize with landscape, and we have been trying to grasp many colors of landscape by photoelectric colorimeter.
The aim of this paper was to find quantitative data on colors of structure harmonized with natural landscape. For this purpose, we tried to evaluative on color simulator with processing on CCG (Color Computer Graphics) image.
The following results were obtained.
1) The range of harmonious color or not was made on three dimention in L*a*b* uniform color space. And the colors of this range were aguate to or similar to around natural colors.
2) The factor of harmoniousness, attractiveness were significant to investigat of color construct system associated with evaluation of color harmony.
From now on, the construct system in this paper must be improved in the way of evaluative experiment on color simulator. Advicing of this study supplied to fundamental rule of colors of structure harmonized with natural landscape.
View full abstract
-
Katsunori FURUYA, Ryutarou TATEISHI, Masaaki YUI, Hiroshi ISHII
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
235-240
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The application of remote sensing deta for the park planning and landscape planning of natural park is expected, because the earth observation satellite can collect data of the broad area in a short period. Land cover classifications using LANDSAT MSS and MOS-1 MESSR were carried out in this study. Firstly, classification accuracy using multitemporal MSS images was investigated from the view point of observation date. Secondly, land cover classification using MSS was compared with the one using MESSR from the view point of different spatial resolution, where MSS has 80m resolution and MESSR has 50m resolution. As a result it is found that the data acquired at June have the best land cover classification accuracy. The classification accuracy is up to about 90 %. From the second comparison the MOS-1 MESSR data are found out to have better land cover classification accuracy than LANDSAT MSS data.
View full abstract
-
Ryohei ONO, Osamu SHINOHARA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
241-246
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
he authors tried to re-interpretate Hiroshige's works...Tokaido-Gojusantsugi... from a View point of landscape planning, and analyzed his manners to represent sequential landscapes. It was revealed that selected scenery was arranged to produce exiting dramas, corresponding to each process of planning, with various techniques of presentation.
View full abstract
-
Shigeru HORI
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
247-252
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Summury: In this study, I clarify that ‘function’is the idea on present forest landscape planning, according to my observation of forest landscapes and planning method of it. I try to suggest ‘meaning’ as new idea.
View full abstract
-
Isao NAKASE, Makoto KIYOTA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
253-258
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The biometeorological researches from the view points of human behaviors and climatic conditions can contribute to the landscape planning/design.
We proposed a human behavioral model which relates to the climatic and landscape elements and discussed its efficiency through the case study in Daisen park located in the Sakai city, Osaka. The human behavioral models of K. Levin
2) and T. Kubo
3) are the bases of our model.
RB=f (T, S, W, H, V, Cl)
RB: reactivity of human behavior, T: thermal condition of air, S: sunshine condition, W: wind velocity condition, H: humidity condition, V: shade condition from tree, Cl: clothes of user
On site surveys were conducted through 4 days, 10, 17, 24 April and 29 May, 1988. Thermal data at several heights (0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100, 150cm) and reactivity data of human behavior using a questionary sheets which included 5-ladder scaled vocabularies as “comfortable /discomfortable” and “hot /cool” were collected and processed as shown in fig. 1 to 4.
The efficiency of the human behavioral model was recomfirmed and the thermally comfortable zone was made clear relating to the variables in the model.
The conclusions of this study show not only the biometeorogical relationship between human behaviors and climatic conditions but also show the bases of landscape planning/design.
View full abstract
-
Masami SUGIMOTO, Hiroyuki KANEKIYO, Byung-Chul KIM
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
259-264
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Sound has been discussed as a noise probrem in our environment. However, now discussion is changing to consider it as one of the important elements which create a comfortable environment.
This article intends to develop pre-design conditions for the introduction of sound in landscape spaces. For this purposes, Fukuoka Botanical Garden was selected as a case study.
Initially, existing sounds at the site were recorded by field survey. Then, by focussing on the relationship of existing sound and current visitors' use of the site, the sound-perception potential areas of the site were identified. As a direct result, one of the conditions determining sound-quality for introduction can be described for each area.
View full abstract
-
Yorikazu MARUTA, Masafumi SHIMADA, Shigeto YANAI
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
265-270
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
It is essential to give full consideration to the preservation of the existing natural environment in city planning. It is particularly important to protect the natural habitats of insects and small animals such as small mammals, birds and reptiles. This study was undertaken in Suginami Ward in Tokyo to determine the relation between the amount of greenery and the number of small animals and insects sighted by the residents in the study area. 20 species of small animals and insects were selected for this study and the residents in each of the 36 districts of Suginami Ward were questions on the frequency with which each of the species was sighted in their neighborhood. The results were as follows;
1. The study revealed 4 distribution patterns of small animals and insects.
Type A: 8 of the species were sighted in small numbers throughout the study area.
Type B: A large number of 8 species were sighted in a few isolated districts in the studyarea.
Type C: 2 of the species were sighted in large number in certain sections of the Ward.
Type D: Except for a few isolated districts, 2 of the species were sighted in large numbers throughout the study area.
2. A variety of small animals and insects were found to inhabit areas close to parks and open spaces and in residential district with a large percentage of greenery.
3. It is necessary to establish a parks and open space system to serve as habitats for small animals and insects in built-up areas to attract and nurture such animals in order to maintain the balance of the natural ecosystem.
View full abstract
-
Akihiro HARUTA, Tadayoshi INOUE
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
271-276
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The purpose of this study is to compare three methods to grasp greenery occupancy in an urban area, that is, decipherment of color airial-photo, image processing of color IR airial-photo and image processing of LANDSAT data.
The following results are obtained,
(1) Dicipherment of color airial-photo is read accurately and has a tendency to induce a difference on the stage of extraction, mapping and totalizing.
(2) Image processing of color IR airial-photo is able perform good extraction, mapping and totalizing in spite of the necessity of partial modifications because of its digital processing.
(3) LANDSAT data is suitable for the global grasp of greenery occupancy.
View full abstract
-
Akihiro KOBAYASHI
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
277-282
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In the lsikari Plain, farmlands have been developed on wetlands. These farmlands, however, have been damaged by the frequent occurrence of floods. This study attempts to understand land use history on wetlands in the lsikari Plain and to consider how to minimize flood damages through land use control.
History of flood damages on lowlands is discussed in connection with the land reclamation processes. in particular, inundated areas by the flood in August 1981 are compared with the distribution of wet and waste lands in 1905 when the areas were undeveloped. As a result, it is pointed out that wetlands with high potential risk of flood damages are generally unsuitable for housing developments. Therefore, the areas having the characteristics of wetlands are to be maintained as openspaces with the functions of both retarding run-off and producing rices or offering high amenity value for recreational purposes.
View full abstract
-
Tsuyoshi HONJO, Tadashi TAKAKURA
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
283-287
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Ratio of vegetation cover in a pixel is estimated using vegetation index. Several kinds of vegetation index calculated from Landsat TM data are compared with the ground truth derived from the vegetation map of Minato ward. The correlation between vegetation index and ground truth is higher than 0.7 before the averaging of 3x3 pixels and is higher than 0.8 after averaging. The highest correlation is shown in the case of bi-band ratio defined as band 4/band 3 of Landsat TM data. Ratio of vegetation cover in a pixel is estimated by a linear epuation of those vegetation index.
The distribution of ground truth of vegetation cover in the analyzed area indicates that the number of pixels which contain vegetation and other kinds of land cover surpasses the number of pixels which are covered by vegetation only. The estimation of the ratio of vegetation cover in a pixel contributes the accuracy of classification of vegetation in urban areas.
View full abstract
-
Dong Kun LEE, Atushi TSUNEKAWA, Kazuhiko TAKEUCHI
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
288-293
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Structural modeling for Environmental Management Planning, using the middle basin of the Tamagawa River as an example, is presented. The model makes use of the environmental data base. Multivariate analyses are used for classifying and structuring environmental elements such as geology, landform, soils, actual vegetation, landuse and population density.
Hayashi's Quantification theory III, is applied to subdivide the catchment into 6 regions. Characteristics of environmental units for each regions are summarized by using Quantification theory III and Cluster analysis.Land use changes in each environmental units are examined through Factor analysis.
It is shown that multivariate analysis is useful for the regional subdivision and evironmental modeling.
View full abstract
-
Tadakazu KANEKO
1988 Volume 52 Issue 5 Pages
294-299
Published: March 31, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In recent years, the nature conservation is important theme in urban openspace planing. The purpose of this study is to examine the conservation system of steepslope wooded-land in urban area. This paper analyzed the quality of existing wooded-land and vanished wooded-land relation to the actual condition and control system of the land use.
In result, lt's examined that the conservation system of steepslope wooded-land defined next 4 types. There are follows, 1) the conservation on the city planing control. 2) the conservation by the ordinance, 3) the conservation system founded on the planned-unit development of facility site level. 4) the conservation system by the planned-unit development of block level.
View full abstract
