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Volume 12 (1968)
- Issue 4 Pages 181-
- Issue 3 Pages 123-
- Issue 2 Pages 53-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 12, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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I. Diurnal Biting Activity and Habitat Segregation of the Horse FliesMitsuhiro SASAKAWA, Akira YOSHIDA, Akio OIBE, Kohichiro NAGANO1968 Volume 12 Issue 4 Pages 181-188
Published: December 30, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe diurnal biting activity and habitat segregation of 3 tabanid-flies attacking livestock were observed on 3 days, from July 24 to Aug. 4, 1967, in grazing land of Kyoto. A pair of steers were tied to a tree or pole all day long in 3 places; A: watering place surrounded by a growth of oaks and elms, B: resting place situated about midway between A and C, and C: feeding place, 117m northwest of A, and the undergrowth was composed mainly of silvergrass and bracken. Of the 7 species of the horse flies occurring in this land, the whitishmaculate horse fly, Tabanus mandarinus SCHINER, was dominant in A, and the giant horse fly, T. chrysurus LOEW, was dominant in C. In fine weather there were 2 peaks in the number of biting flies, one was in the morning, the air temperature being about 27°C and the other in the late afternoon when the daylight intensity decreased rapidly. The biting activity, therefore, seemed to be regulated mainly by the diurnal changes of temperature and daylight intensity. Both giant and common (T. trigonus COQUILLETT) horse flies were found to be more attracted to black-setose steers than to the brown-setose ones. The former fly fed predominantly on the back, while the latter on the belly. The smallest mandarinus was found on the legs and neck. The segregation of these horse flies resulted from their variable preferences for the setigerous parts of the steer's body according to their headlengths including the proboscis, and also to the intensity of illumination. There was also evidence of ecological coaction between the closely related species, chrysurus and trigonus.View full abstractDownload PDF (1011K) -
Inactivation of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus in the Digestive Juice of Silkworm Larvae, Bombyx mori L.I. Comprarison of Anti-viral Activities in the Digestive Juices of Larvae Reared between on Natural and Artificial DietsKeizo HAYASHIYA, Jun NISHIDA, Fujiyoshi MATSUBARA1968 Volume 12 Issue 4 Pages 189-193
Published: December 30, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe silkworm larvae reared on artificial diet were more susceptible to the infection per os with nuclear polyhedrosis virus than those reared on natural diet and furthermore the anti-viral activity in the digestive juice of the former was weaker than that of the latter. The fluorescent colours of the digestive juices from the larvae fed on natural or artificial diets, were different from each other, being red in the former and yellow in the latter. A protein having red fluorescence was fractionated from the digestive juice of silkworm larvae fed on natural diet, mulberry leaves. The fluorescent protein fraction inactivated the nuclear polyhedrosis virus and the inactivating potency was almost same both in the digestive juice and in the buffered solution containing this fluorescent protein fraction at nearly equal concentration of that in the digestive juice itself. It is concluded that this red fluorescent protein fraction may play an important role in the protective mechanism in silkworm larvae for per os infection by the silkworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus and that the fraction is not observed in the digestive juice from the larvae reared on artificial diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (563K) -
Sumio NAGASAWA, Isamu NAKAYAMA1968 Volume 12 Issue 4 Pages 194-201
Published: December 30, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe median effective dosages of hempa and thiohempa inhibiting the hatchability of eggs deposited by the topically treated weevils were estimated as 12.582 and 3.347μg/_??_, _??_. In this case, the relations between dosage of chemicals in logarithms and the per cent of hatchability in probits for thiohempa, hempa, and their 1:1 combination, were analysed at the same time by FINNEY'S (1944, 1949b) maximum likelihood estimation method of the parameters of the tolerance distribution with adjustment for natural control. The measure of synergism between thiohempa and hempa calculated from the three parallel regression lines was not significant at Pr=0.05, χ2(1)=1.966. Thus, it could be concluded that thiohempa and hempa jointly acted in a similar way on the hatchability of eggs of the azuki bean weevil. Dosage-oviposition inhibiting regression lines for hempa and ENT-51008 (N, N, N', N'-tetramethyl-P-morpholinophosphinic diamide) calculated by the procedure of WADLEY (1949) and FINNEY (1949a) were not parallel. From the result of comparison of observation for their 1:1 combination with the similar action prediction calculated by the equation Y=1/2(Y1+Y2)+θlog2 with average θ=3.3239, it could be concluded that hempa and ENT-51008 jointly acted in a simple similar way, χ2(8)(0.05)=15.507. Similar joint action concerning the inhibition of hatching or emergence was also found between hempa and ENT-51008, χ2(1)=0.538 and 1.060, respectively. From the figures of median effective dosages shown in Table 7, it could be assumed that ENT-51008 inhibits the egg deposition of the azuki bean weevil and has no effect on the hatchability of the deposited eggs or the emergence of the next offsprng. Hempa slightly affects on the egg deposition but its main physiological effect is the inhibition of egg hatching. The relative potency of hempa to ENT-51008 was 4.011 in inhibiting the egg hatchability, and 4.651 in inhibiting the adult emergence. From the figures of both relative potencies, it could be said that both chemicals have no physiological effect on the larval or pupal stage of the next generation of treated weevils.View full abstractDownload PDF (952K) -
I. Insecticidal Activities of Substituted Phenyl N-methyl-and N, N-dimethylcarbamates to Several Species of InsectsHikaru KAZANO, Masaru ASAKAWA, Toshihiko TANAKA, Kazuo FUKUNAGA1968 Volume 12 Issue 4 Pages 202-210
Published: December 30, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInsecticidal activities of 81 substituted-phenyl N-methylcarbamates and 23 substituted-phenyl N, N-dimethylcarbamates were evaluated with 6 species of insects. Most of compounds tested showed low toxicity to the almond moth, Ephestia cautella WALKER, and the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis WALKER. LC95 values to the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis FITCH, were higher than those to the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae SULZER. The relationship between toxicity to the housefly, Musca domestica L. and the chemical structure of compounds was same as those reported by R.L. METCALF et al. A similar relationship was observed in case of the adzuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis L. Insecticidal activities of cyanosubstituted-phenyl N, N-dimethylcarbamates were higher than those of cyano-substituted phenyl N-methylcarbamates. 2-Nitro-3, 5-dimethylphenyl N-methylcarbamate showed higher insecticidal activities than 4-nitro-3, 5-dimethylphenyl N-methylcarbamate. Substituted 2-allylphenyl N-methyl carbamates and substituted 3, 5-dimethylphenyl N-methylcarbamates had high insecticidal activities against the corn leaf aphid.View full abstractDownload PDF (881K) -
Tadashi MIYATA, Kisabu IYATOMI, Tetsuo SAITO, Osamu MORIKAWA1968 Volume 12 Issue 4 Pages 211-219
Published: December 30, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mammalian toxicity of NS 2662, O, O-dimethyl 2, 2-dichloro 1-hydroxyethyl phosphonate, is very low. Toxic symptoms on the mouse caused by this new insecticide are quite different from those caused by other organophosphorus compounds. During the present studies, the mode of action of the new compound in the American cockroach was investigated. The distribution 32P-NS 2662 and 32P-trichlorfon in the American cockroach was investigated. High concentrations of radioactive materials have been found in the nerve cord, guts and muscles of paralyzed insects, compared with normal tissues. Very small amounts of radioactive materials were found in the nerve tissues. The concentrations of NS 2662 and trichlorfon in the abdominal nerve cord of paralyzed insect were suggested to be less than 10-5 and 10-6 M respectively. Both insecticides were degraded rapidly to water soluble metabolites by the cockroach. About 30 and 50% of doses were recovered as chloroform soluble radioactive materials one and 24 hours after the topical application of 32P-NS 2662, respectively. In case of 32P-trichlorfon application, these figures were about 60 and 15%. The main water soluble degradation products were O, O-dimethyl phosphoric acid, desmethyl-DMVP, monomethyl phosphoric acid and phosphoric acid in the former case, and phosphoric acid, desmethyl-dichlorvos, monomethyl phosphoric acid and O, O-dimethyl phosphoric acid in the latter one. An active metabolite, DMVP (O, O-dimethyl 2-monochlorovinyl phosphate) or dichlorvos, was found less than three percent of the doses. IN 50 values of the insecticides for abdominal nerve cord ChE in the cockroach were as follows: NS 2662, 7.8×10-6M, DMVP, 7.1×10-7M, trichlorfon, 9.3×10-6M and dichlorvos, 2.1×10-7M. The in vivo inhibition of ChE activity in the cockroach was measured. No symptoms were observed until about 50% of ChE activity was inhibited. At the convulsive and paralyzed stages, the inhibition of ChE activity was about 80 and 90% respectively. The above results suggest that ChE is the target of NS 2662 in the cockroach. NS 2662 and DMVP, the vinyl derivative of NS 2662, may play a role in ChE inhibition.View full abstractDownload PDF (1006K) -
Kang Chae LEE1968 Volume 12 Issue 4 Pages 220-221
Published: December 30, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Ryoh-ichi OHGUSHI1968 Volume 12 Issue 4 Pages 222-224
Published: December 30, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (354K) -
Seiya KAMANO1968 Volume 12 Issue 4 Pages 224-225
Published: December 30, 1968
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (260K)
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