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Volume 40 (1996)
- Issue 4 Pages 265-
- Issue 3 Pages 185-
- Issue 2 Pages 97-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 40, Issue 4
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Toshiharu AKINO, Ryohei YAMAOKA1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 265-271
Published: November 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOleic acid levels on the body surface of ant corpses of Formica japonica increase 48h after death. Live workers also carry the ant corpses 48h after death. In contrast, triglycerides in the hemolymph decrease drastically during the 48h after death. The constituent fatty acids of the triglycerides are linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, and palmitic acid, which are also found in the free fatty acids in the hemolymph of the ant corpse. The mass spectrum suggests that the major compounds of the triglycerides are triolein and dioleylpalmitin. Large amounts of the oleic acid are stored in the triglycerides. When a worker ant was irradiated with microwaves soon after death, the free fatty acids on the cuticle did not increase much and the triglycerides in the hemolymph did not decrease. However, the amount of triglycerides on the cuticle was more than that on a corpse that was not irradiated. These results suggest that the oleic acid serves as a corpse recognition signal and is generated by enzymatic hydrolysis of triglyceride, with the enzyme activated after death.View full abstractDownload PDF (836K) -
Keiji YASUDA1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 273-278
Published: November 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdults of the West-Indian Sweet potato Weevil (WSPW), Euscepes postfasciatus, were reared with and without food and water. The mean longevity at 25°C and 90% RH, 12L12D of WSPW adults reared without food and water was 16.9 days for females and 15.4 days for males. When only water was supplied, adult longevity was extended to 25.4 days for females and 24.3 days for males. The lipid content of WSPW supplied with only water decreased more rapidly than beetles supplied with both food and water. Since starved adults drink more water, their fresh body weight is almost equal to that of fed adults. Adults reared without food did not mate and showed no ovarian development after emergence.View full abstractDownload PDF (673K) -
Akio KOJIMA, Chikako YAMASHIRO, Michinobu ARISAKA1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 279-286
Published: November 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe number of overwintering Chilo suppressalis WALKER moths caught by a sex-pheromone trap and the proportions of rice plants injured by first-generation larvae were investigated in three regions (300, 600, 1, 500 hectares) with different topographies in Niigata Prefecture. A significant linear relationship was found between the number of moths caught by the sex-pheromone traps and the number of injured plants. The total number of caught moths could be estimated by the number of moths caught up to 10 June, 1 to 2 weeks before the best time for insecticide application. The control threshold level for the first generation caught by a sex-pheromone trap was 800 moths per trap up to 10 June based on established control threshold levels indicated by withered leaf sheaths in Niigata Prefecture. About 10 traps per region were needed to estimate the mean catches per trap with 10-20% error.View full abstractDownload PDF (2130K) -
I. Bacterial Isolation and Insecticidal Bioassay by Spraying and Peroral InoculationYozo HASHIMOTO1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 287-292
Published: November 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacterial isolates with insecticidal activity against aphids were examined. 1, 100 bacterial isolates were isolated from 617 samples (aphids: 437, other insects: 5, plants: 175) collected in the Tokachi district of Hokkaido from 1986 to 1990. Six of 582 isolates demonstrated insecticidal activity by spraying (HS) against the Foxglove Aphid (Aulacorthum solani) and the Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae). Six of 518 isolates also showed insecticidal activity by peroral inoculation (HP) against the Foxglove Aphid and showed a positive reaction to the Potato Rot Test. The mortality of the Cotton Aphid (Aphis gossypii) sprayed with HS isolates in a green house was high, but spraying of HP isolates caused low mortality.View full abstractDownload PDF (727K) -
Manabu SHIBAO1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 293-297
Published: November 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe damage to grape (cultivar: Delaware) caused by Scirtothrips dorsalis HOOD was investigated in vineyards with different thrips densities in 1991-1993. There were significant positive correlations between the density of S. dorsalis per fruit cluster and the damage to fruit clusters during the period from mid-June to mid-July. The tolerable pest density per fruit cluster was estimated at 0.8 in mid-June, 2.0 in late June, 3.5 in early July and 4.0 in mid-July assuming the fruit cluster damage index to be 20. There were also significant positive correlations between the number of S. dorsalis adults caught by yellow sticky traps and the damage to fruit clusters from mid-June to mid-July. The tolerable adult catch per trap per day was estimated at 10.1 in mid-June, 10.0 in late June, 23.0 in early July and 71.8 in mid-July. The latter data can be used as the control threshold for this thrips.View full abstractDownload PDF (1235K) -
Naoyuki SUGIURA, Masami TAKAGI1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 299-302
Published: November 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLaboratory experiments were conducted on multiparasitism of Unaspis yanonensis by Aphytis yanonensis and Coccobius fulvus to determine which species was intrinsically superior in interspecific competition. The results showed A. yanonensis always wins regardless of which species parasitized the host first.View full abstractDownload PDF (560K) -
Minoru MIYASONO, Katsuaki OHBA, Michio MASUKO, Masami DOTEUCHI1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 302-305
Published: November 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAseptic rearing of the Diamondback Moth was improved using an artificial diet containing foliage of commercially-available germinating radish as a food plant. Survival from egg to adult was approximately 86%. Adult longevity was prolonged by 10 days compared to non-aseptic rearing.View full abstractDownload PDF (566K) -
Jun'ichi KANEKO1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 305-308
Published: November 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cold-hardiness of the Silver-Y moth, Autographa gamma, at the egg, larval and pupal stage was compared with that of the Asiatic Common Looper, A. nigrisigna. In each stage, nearly all individuals died at chilling (0°C, 100% RH) for 10 to 30 days without hardening (10°C for 1 day and then 5°C for 5 days). However, if hardened, more individuals survived chilling for more days in both species. This effect was most remarkable in A. gamma. Hardened third-instar larvae of A. gamma survived chilling for 120 days at a rate of 1.4%. By contrast, no individuals of hardened A. nigrisigna survived chilling for 90 days.View full abstractDownload PDF (541K) -
Keiji TAKASU, William A. OVERHOLT1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 308-310
Published: November 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObserving the oviposition behavior of ingress-and-sting larval parasitoids of lepidopteran stemborers is difficult due to the cryptic feeding behavior of the hosts. A method for observing their oviposition behavior was developed. An individual stemborer larva was introduced into a glass tube (0.7cm in diameter; 7cm in length) which contained a piece of maize stem (0.5-0.6cm in diameter; 4-5cm in length). The larva was allowed 14-20h to feed on the maize and produce frass before introducing a single adult female parasitoid. Using this method, we observed the endoparasitoid Cotesia flavipes (CAMERON) and the ectoparasitoid Goniozus indicus ASHMEAD ovipositing on the pyralid stemborer Chilo partellus (SWINHOE). On contacting C. partellus larvae, C. flavipes females quickly stung them and immediately left the glass tube. G. indicus females paralyzed the hosts before ovipositing on them, and stayed with the hosts inside the glass tube for a few days after oviposition. After stung by either C. flavipes or G. indicus females, C. partellus larvae spat saliva and often aggressively bit the female parasitoids.View full abstractDownload PDF (499K) -
Kaoru ENOHARA, Hiroshi AMANO1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 311-315
Published: November 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix species of spider mites common in Japan, show a close similarity in both color (red) and morphology. It is difficult to separate these species even with experience. To solve this problem, we analyzed their allozyme patterns of esterases, and tried to find morphological characters that may distinguish the species. Esterase patterns showed species-specific characteristics. Morphological characters of living adult females also provide a key to discriminate the six species.View full abstractDownload PDF (1138K) -
Toako USUI1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 315-318
Published: November 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExcitatory post-synaptic potentials at the neuromuscular junction of the larvae of several insects were suppressed by glutamate: IC50 (concentrations for 50% suppression of EPSP amplitude) were 9.6×10-5M, 1.5×10-4M, 1.7×10-4M, 1.9×10-4M, 2.4×10-4M, 5.0×10-4M and 5.0×10-4M for Tenebrio molitor (2-cm body length), T. molitor (1.5cm), Spodoptera litura, Crocidolomia binotalis, Leucania separata, Mamestra brassicae, Epilachana vigintioctopunctata, respectively. The depolarization pattern of the post-synaptic membrane was similar in all the insect samples. These results strongly suggest that glutamate acts as the excitatory transmitter at the insect neuromuscular junction.View full abstractDownload PDF (507K) -
Katsuo TSUDA, Tetsuya YOSHIOKA, Takafumi TSUTSUMI, Masahiro YAMANAKA, ...1996 Volume 40 Issue 4 Pages 318-321
Published: November 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pathogenicity of 25 isolates of entomogenous fungi to the Brown-Winged Green bug, Plautia stali, was investigated. Eight isolates of Beauveria bassiana obtained from P. stali and 5 isolates of B. bassiana obtained from other insects showed pathogenicity. However, another 5 isolates of B. bassiana obtained from other insects showed no pathogenicity. Two isolates of Paecilomyces farinosus also showed two type of pathogenicity. No isolates of Beauveria brongniartii and Nomuraea rileyi showed pathogenicity.View full abstractDownload PDF (469K)
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