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Volume 35 (1991)
- Issue 4 Pages 269-
- Issue 3 Pages 181-
- Issue 2 Pages 103-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 35, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Kazuya NAGAI1991 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 269-274
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe predatory ability and selective predation of Orius sp. on Thrips palmi KARNY, Tetranychus kanzawai KISHIDA and Aphis gossypii GLOVER, which are major pests of eggplant (Solanum melongena L. in Japan, were assessed under laboratory conditions at 25°C and 16L-8D. In 24 hours, one average adult female of Orius sp. preyed on 22 second instar larvae and 26 adults of T. palmi, 21 adult females of T. kanzawai, and 12 first instar nymphs and 6 fourth instar nymphs of A. gossypii. Adult females of Orius sp. did not eat eggs of T. palmi. The functional responses of nymphs of Orius sp. and those of adult females to the densities of all the prey species resembled HOLLING'S type II curve. A selective predation test showed that adult females of Orius sp. prefer T. palmi followed by T. kanzawai and A. gossypii.View full abstractDownload PDF (703K) -
Toshihide ICHIKAWA, Syoichi YOSHIDA1991 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 275-281
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of environmental factors on the flight behavior of the olive weevil, Dyscerus perforatus (ROELOFS) was studied under laboratory conditions. In adults of both sexes given food and water as in normal rearing, no deaths occurred throughout the experimental period (28 days), and no flight behavior was observed. On the other hand, some flight behavior was observed occasionally in individuals given just water and in individuals given nothing which all died within 28 days. Female walking activity in the rearing container and flight activity on the flight apparatus without using the host plant were highest at night. Females given only water flew most actively; those given nothing mostly failed to fly and some died within 4 days of starting the experiment. When adults of both sexes given just water for 4 days were placed on a healthy olive tree in the evening, none flew and most stayed on the tree for the 6hr of observation. Conversely, when adults reared under the same conditions were placed on a dead olive tree, 60% of them left the tree by flying, and 20% by walking.View full abstractDownload PDF (1625K) -
Kazuya NAGAI1991 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 283-289
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPopulation trends of Thrips palmi KARNY, Tetranychus kanzawai, KISHIDA, Aphis gossypii GLOVER and their predator, Orius sp., on eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) in an open field were compared in integrated and chemical control programs. In the integrated control program, two insect growth regulators (IGR), pyriproxyfen and buprofezin, were used. Buprofezin wettable powder was sprayed at 250ppm once on Epilachna vigintioctopunctata (FABRICIUS), and 100ppm of pyriproxyfen emulsifiable concentrate was sprayed twice on T. palmi. However, these IGRs left a large number of Orius sp. predators remaining on the eggplants. By contrast, in the chemical control program with nine insecticides and one acaricide sprayed fifteen times on T. palmi and once each on A. gossypii, T. kanzawai and E. vigintioctopunctata, the predator population was inhibited. The population density of T. palmi in the integrated control program remained low throughout the eggplant growing pericd. But it increased greatly from mid-August to early September in the chemical control program. Eggplant fruits in the integrated control program sustained less economic damage from T. palmi than in the chemical control program where damage was especially serious from late August to early September. In both programs, fruit damage by other insect pests was slight and no significant difference was found between them. In the integrated control program, the population density of A. gossypii increased in June. The population density of T. kanzawai did not increase in the integrated control program but spraying of an acaricide for T. kanzawai was necessary in the chemical control program.View full abstractDownload PDF (879K) -
VII. Factors Affecting Diapause Termination of Overwintering LarvaeMichiyo GOTO, Shin-ichi NAYA, Shuichi KIMURA1991 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 291-295
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFactors affecting diapause termination of overwintering larvae of Emmalocera sp. were investigated. The seasonal timing of diapause termination was determined by transferring overwintering larvae collected from the field at different seasons to an incubator at 25°C under 16L-8D (long day) and 12L-12D (short day). When overwintering larvae were transferred to the long day condition, the incubation time required for adult emergence was 36 days in September, 26 days in October, and 20 days from November through January. When overwintering larvae were transferred to the short day condition, the required incubation time was 66 days in September, 35 days in October, and 21 days from November through January. These results suggest that the diapause of overwintering larvae is terminated before November. Indoor experiments under different temperature, daylength and humidity conditions showed that temperatures ranging from 10°C to 20°C are optimal for diapause development but daylength and humidity have no significant effect. The significance of diapause of Emmalocera sp. appearing in autumn is discussed in relation to field conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (613K) -
Kenji KOYAMA1991 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 297-301
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEssential vitamins for nymphal growth of Sogatella furcifera were investigated. MED-1 diets lacking one vitamin were prepared to evaluate the effects of vitamin deficiency on nymphal duration and survivorship. When thiamine or choline was omitted, nymphs could not complete development which indicates that these two vitamins are essential. The minimum concentrations of thiamine hydrochloride and choline chloride required for nymphal growth are estimated to be 0.005 and 0.098mg/100ml, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (581K) -
II. Damage to Vegetable SeedlingsHiroshi NAKAO1991 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 303-309
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPlant-pest surveys on acarid mites damaging vegetable seedlings were conducted in 63 districts of Hokkaido for 10 years from 1981 to 1990. In 39 districts, at least one of five species of the acarid mites, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (SCHRANK), T. similis VOLGIN, T. perniciosus ZACHVATKIN, Acarus immobilis GRIFFITHS and Rhizoglyphus robini CLAPARÈDE, was collected from seedlings, soil, rice chaff and/or rice straw. Three species of the genus Tyrophagus were damaging to vegetable seedlings: T. putrescentiae; melon, watermelon cucumber and pumpkin, T. similis; melon, watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin, tomato, sweet pepper and welsh onion, T. perniciosus; melon, cucumber and pumpkin. The symptoms of damage by acarid mites are summarized as follows: (a) melon, cucumber, pumpkin; numerous small holes and yellowish spots on young leaves which later become deformed, (b) watermelon, tomato, sweet pepper; leaves become lustrous, discolored and deformed, (c) tomato, welsh onion; seedlings become dwarfed and stunted. A survey on the source of acarid mites in greenhouses showed that the mites originate from rice chaff and/or rice straw used for lagging so these mites are introduced into the greenhouse. A tarsonemid mite, Tarsonemus bilobatus SUSUKI, which may be harmful to vegetables, was also collected from melon, watermelon, cucumber and Chinese cabbage. The symptom of damage is lustrous, discolored and deformed leaves with irregular folding of the upper surface.View full abstractDownload PDF (861K) -
Keiichiro YASUMI, Toshifumi SHINOHARA, Michio HORIIKE, Chisato HIRANO1991 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 311-316
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdult females of Thrips palmi KARNY survived for a long period on a filter paper disc soaked in 3% aqueous sucrose solution. They also survived for a long period even if the sucrose impregnated disc had methanol extracts of cucumber or eggplant leaves applied onto it. When methanol extract of tomato leaves was applied onto the sucrose impregnated disc, however, all the insects died within a few days. These different responses of T. palmi on three plant extracts coincide completely with the previously reported responses on intact leaf discs of respective plants. It is certain that tomato leaf contains an antifeeding or a toxic substance, because the lethal effect of the tomato leaf extract does not cancel out by addition of sucrose, which has a strong phagostimulant activity and a high nutritive value for survival. The lethal activity is concentrated in the n-butanol soluble fraction by means of liquid-liquid extraction. Since the partially purified fraction expresses its activity only during exposure, and the insects escape preferentially to feed on the disc containing the fraction, the active substance seems to be an antifeedant rather than a toxic one.View full abstractDownload PDF (682K) -
Akihiro MIYANOSHITA, Sadahiro TATSUKI, Tyuzi KUSANO, Koichi FUJII1991 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 317-321
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe variation in esterase isozymes of three host races of Aspidiotus cryptomeriae KUWANA, associated with Cryptomeria japonica, Torreya nucifera and Taxus cuspidata, was analyzed by polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis. Comparisons were also made between collection years and among localities within each host race. Since full isozyme bands could not be obtained by analyzing individual insects, analysis was conducted using homogenates of 20 adult females collected from the same host tree at one time. Sixteen isozyme bands were separated when all three host races were combined. Some esterase bands varied in frequency between years and among localities even within a host race but others were very stable and characteristic of the host races. The race associated with C. japonica had 14 bands and band No.7 was thick with high frequency; the T. nucifera race had 15 bands and band No.11 appeared with high frequency, and band No.3 was thick; the T. cuspidata race had 14 bands and band No.15 was thick with high frequency. These results suggest the presence of differentiated host specificity in A. cryptomeriae.View full abstractDownload PDF (643K) -
Sex Pheromone of the Lawn Grass Cutworm Moth, Spodoptera depravata (BUTLER) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)Masaaki KURIHARA, Kenji USUI, Kyoichi UCHIUMI, Sadahiro TATSUKI1991 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 323-324
Published: November 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(Z, E)-9, 12-tetradecadienyl acetate and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate were identified chemically in sex pheromone gland extracts of female Spodoptera depravata (BUTLER). A laboratory wind-tunnel experiment showed that the former compound acts as an attractant-pheromone to the male but the latter compound has no pheromonal activity by itself or in combination with the former compound.View full abstractDownload PDF (295K)
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