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Volume 31 (1987)
- Issue 4 Pages 279-
- Issue 3 Pages 189-
- Issue 2 Pages 103-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 31, Issue 1
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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De YI Yang, Kazuo HIRAI1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnalysis of 20-years data from 1963 to 1982 on the abundance of immigrating adult P. separata, its egg number, and larval density; and of survey data from 1971 to 1978 on the larval density in fields with different densities of wheat, under irrigated or non-irrigated cultivation in the wheat belt, in Shang Dong Sheng revealed that in the first ten years larval outbreaks were found during years of mass adult immigration from the south and coincided with the appearance of high densities of eggs. In the second ten years, outbreaks occurred even in the years of low adult immigration and hence smaller egg densities. These outbreaks were considered to be caused by the higher survival rate of the larvae brought about by a preferred micro climate of higher humidity in wheat fields of high plant density, resulting from irrigated cultivation aimed at higher yields of wheat.View full abstractDownload PDF (580K) -
Toshihide ICHIKAWA, Hidetoshi OKAMOTO, Yoshihiro FUJIMOTO, Yoshio KAWA ...1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 6-16
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLocation and behavior of the adult olive weevil, Dyscerus perforatus (ROELOFS), were surveyed both under laboratory and field conditions, mainly in a field cage, from April 1982 to May 1983. Adult behavior was classified into the following seven states, inactivity, pause, walking, feeding, mounting, copulation and oviposition. Based on the surveys conducted in the field cage, the active period of the adults ranged approximately from April to October. The adults were active on the olive tree mainly at night. Although most of the adults were inactive in the daytime, some of them were observed to be engaged in repeated mounting or copulation activities on the ground covered with dry gramineous grasses (covered ground) surrounding the base of the olive tree and some females were also found ovipositing near the base of the tree. The adults located on the olive tree or on the bare ground were more abundant in the daytime during cloudy days than in the daytime during fine days. The overwintering adults in the field cage were generally inactive, and many of them were located on the covered ground both in the daytime and at night. Their activity, however, did not completely cease, and some of them moved on the ground and climbed the olive tree.View full abstractDownload PDF (1569K) -
Jun'ichi KANEKO1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 17-22
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSD2O concentration was measured spectrophotometrically in an amount as small as 1μl of haemolymph in the female yellow peach moth by incorporating a newly designed capillary cell to the CRESPI and KATZ's method. A proportional relationship between the calling time (φr) and the D2O concentration was observed under a 22°C and 15L-9D regime, the scotophase of which was supplied by different energy levels of red light. The higher the red light intensity, the longer the delay of φr per 10% D2O concentration i.e. 20.7min at ca. 1μW/cm2, 21.4min at ca. 10μW/cm2 and 27.7min at ca. 60μW/cm2. From these results, it was concluded that there was an interaction between the D2O concentration in the haemolymph and the light intensity of the scotophase on the calling rhythm of the species.View full abstractDownload PDF (1457K) -
Wataru ASHIHARA, Kouichi INOUE, Masahiro OSAKABE, Takashi HENMI1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 23-27
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOverwintering sites and source of population growth after hibernation of Tetranychus kanzawai and its predators in grapevine glasshouses were surveyed at Ichinomiya, Okayama, and Akitsu, Hiroshima. T. kanzawai overwintered as adult female, on fallen grape leaves and dead weeds, and in bark crevices, straw mulch and surfaces oil. The overwintering predators collected in the glasshouses consisted of 4 species of predacious mites: Amblyseius barkeri (HUGHES), A. longispinosus (EVANS), A. tsugawai EHARA and Agistemus exsertus GONZÁLEZ-RODRIGUES, and a spider: Achaearanea tepidariorum (C. KOCH). They hibernated mainly on litter but were not found in bark crevices of the vines. After the room temperature was raised by heating or heat retention treatment, T. kanzawai was collected in bark crevices and straw mulch in a glasshouse where the heat retention treatment had been applied 8 days before the survey. In other heated houses, mites were scarcely found on grapevines. Its population growth was observed on weeds and undergrowth. When potted grapevines inoculated with hibernating T. kanzawai were exposed to a temperature of 20°C early in March, the mites disappeared or died on the vines within 22 days. An adult female mite and its progeny were found on weeds. These results indicate that the overwintered generations of T. kanzawai are unable to reproduce on grapevines. The source of early mite infestation on grapevines may be represented by the migrants grown on the weeds or undergrowth in the houses.View full abstractDownload PDF (664K) -
Hiroshi HONDA, Yoshiharu MATSUMOTO1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 28-35
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLarval feeding responses of the two types, i.e. fruit-feeding type (FFT) and Pinaceae-feeding type (PFT) of the yellow peach moth to the host-plant extracts and their sugar components were examined by a filter paper assay. Both larvae responded positively to the 80% MeOH extracts of host plants but not to chloroform, ether and ethyl acetate extracts. FFT larvae refused the 80% MeOH extract of Japanese white pine, and showed no response to that of Himalayan cedar and fir. PFT larvae responded positively to the 80% MeOH extracts of chestnut, young green apple and peach. Seven different sugars were identified from the host plants by HPLC. FFT larvae preferred sucrose to fructcse and gluccse whereas PFT preferred fructose to sucrose and gluccse. FFT larvae responded moderately to sorbitol and inositol but refused maltose and lactose at higher concentrations whereas the PFT larvae showed no response to these sugars. Based on these observations, FFT and PFT appeared to show different response spectra to the host-plant constituents, e.g. sugars, and also to be taxonomically different within the species.View full abstractDownload PDF (1551K) -
Hiroo TSUJI, Kazuo KAWADA1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 36-40
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMean fecundity, survival rate, volume and number of embryos in adults were analyzed for the apterous and alate four morphs of Acyrthosiphon pisum (HARRIS) reared on broad bean, Vicia faba L. at 12±1°C under two different conditions, normal and starvation. The apterous virgino-parous females produced 98.9 larvae whereas the alate virginoparous females produced 70.0 larvae per female. Apterous virginoparous females produced a larger number of larvae than the alate virginoparous females. Larval period of the alate virginoparous females was about 1.9 days longer than that of the apterous females. Age specific survival of the virginoparous morphs was longer than that of the sexual morphs. Starved alate, male and virginoparous females, of the clone lived longer than the apterous, oviparous and virginoparous females. Under starvation conditions, alate males lived for a maximum period of 14 days and they lived longer than the apterous forms. Immediately after the final moult, the apterous virginoparous females produced a larger number of embryos than the alate virginoparous females. Embryos in the parents developed speedily after the final moult. Females produced many small embryos, under starvation conditions as compared with the normal conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1082K) -
Susumu SHIMIZU, Keio AIZAWA1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 41-45
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana (serotype B1), Beauveria brongniartii, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Paecilomyces lilacinus and Nomuraea rileyi) were grown in L-broth. Antigens were extracted from acetone-dried cells with 1/15M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, at 130°C for 5hr. Crude polysaccharides of B. bassiana (serotype B1), P. fumosoroseus, and P. lilacinus, respectively, were extracted obtained by ethanol precipitation and purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. A single peak of polysaccharides was obtained from each fungus and this fraction was further separated into 2 fractions (Fr. 1 and Fr. 2) by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. In the agargel diffusion test, Fractions 1 and 2 of B. bassiana (serotype B1) or P. fumosoroseus gave a single precipitin line against the anti B. bassiana (serotype B1) serum. However, Fractions 1 and 2 of P. lilacinus did not react with the anti B. bassiana (serotype B1) serum. In the agar-gel diffusion test, polysaccharides obtained from B. bassiana (serotype B1), B. brongniartii, P. fumosoroseus or P. farinosus gave a single precipitin line against the anti B. bassiana (serotype B1) serum. On the other hand, polysaccharides obtained from N. rileyi or P. lilacinus did not react with the anti B. bassiana (serotype B1) serum. Accordingly, the six fungi were classified into two groups: B. bassiana-B. brongniartii-P. fumosoroseus-P. farinosus group and P. lilacinus-N-rileyi group.View full abstractDownload PDF (1855K) -
Jun KATAYAMA, Masao FUKUI, Hiroyuki SASAKI1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 46-50
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe beginning and peak of adult emergence of the wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana GÉHIN, coincided approximately with the heading time and full flowering time, respectively, of the wheat cultivar “Norin No.61” in Kyoto Prefecture. Eggs were deposited in a concentrated manner on the grains of the spikelet situated about one-third below the top of the wheat head. The larvae hatched out during several days and began to suck the sap of ovary. They passed through three stadia. The period of the first and second instars lasted about 10 days. A close association between the time of escape of the mature larvae from the wheat grains and rainfall at the time of harvest was observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (607K) -
Akihito OZAWA, Akio TAKAFUJI1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 51-54
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReproductive compatibility was studied between two closely related mite species of the genus Tetranychus, i.e., T. urticae and T. kanzawai. Copulation was observed between the two species. However in the inter-specific crosses insemination was frequently interrupted and the duration of copulation was much shorter than that between the mates of each species. No adult females were produced from the inter-specific crosses. In addition, there was no significant difference either in the egg hatchability or the survival rate of the immature stages between the offspring from the intra-crosses of each species and the offspring from the females that were doubly inseminated, first with a male of the other species and then with a male of the same species. This finding suggests that the copulation with a male of the other species did not affect successful fertilization with a male of the same species. Thus, there was a complete, premating reproductive isolation between the two species.View full abstractDownload PDF (504K) -
Furumi KOMAI, Koichi ISHIKAWA1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 55-62
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLarvae of species of the genus Cydia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) have been frequently detected on Chinese chestnut fruits imported from China. The authors observed that two species of Cydia fed on the chestnut fruit in China, i.e. Cydia glandicolana (DANILEVSKY) and C. kurokoi (AMSEL), which have hitherto been designated incorrectly as C. splendana (HÜBNER) by the Chinese authors. The adults and larvae of the two species were described. Of the two species, Cydia glandicolana seems to be a more dominant pest in China, because only C. glandicolana individuals were collected from the fruits during the plant quarantine inspection in Japan. Two other Microlepidoptera, Eucoenogenes aestuosa (MEYRICK) (Tortricidae) and Conogethes punctiferalis (GUENÉE) (Pyralidae), boring in chestnuts are also distributed in China. The characters enabling to distinguish the larvae of the four species were presented.View full abstractDownload PDF (2913K) -
Ken'o TOMITA, Yoshimitsu IWASHITA1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 63-69
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacterial cells were isolated from dead larvae of the mulberry tiger moth, Spilosoma imparilis BUTLER, in a mulberry field in September, 1979. Staining properties, culture conditions, election microscopic and histophathological observations of host tissues suggested that these bacteria are facultive anaerobe gram-negative bacteria multiplying in the cytoplasm of the midgut. Bacteriological characterization showed that the microorganism was an Enterobacter sp. To confirm the pathogenicity, the bacteria were orally inoculated to eight families and 16 species of lepidopterous larvae. i.e. Spilosoma subcarnea, Hyphantria cunea, Stigmatophora flave, Eilema fuscodorsalis, Eupractis similis, Laelia coenosa sangica, Lymantria dispa japonica, Malacosoma neustria testacea, Pieris rapae crucivora, Plusia nigrisigna, Clostera anastomosis orientalis, Bombyx mori, Theophila mandarina, etc. In 13 species belonging to seven families the larvae were infected, whereas in three species, Lymantria dispar japonica. Glyphodes pyloalis and Hellula undali, they were not infected. The bacterial cells were found to multiply in the cytoplasm of the midgut of all the infected larvae.View full abstractDownload PDF (3230K) -
Ken'o TOMITA, Yoshimitsu IWASHITA1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 70-75
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe isolate (Enterobacter sp.) from the infected larvae was analysed. By the percoll density gradient method, bacterial cells obtained as a white opaque band in the center of the centrifugation tube were collected. The purified bacteria were injected into rabbits as an antigen to prepare an antiserum. The antiserum reacted only with the bacterial cells of this particular isolate when the electrosyneresis and fluorescent antibody method were applied. No reaction was observed with other bacteria used as controls. A serum separately prepared against Serratia marcescens was found to react only with Serratia marcescens, without showing any reaction with the cells from Enterobacter sp. Subsequent observation by the electrosyneresis method revealed that the inoculation of the bacterial cells into larvae led to the detection of the specific antigen only in the infected larvae. Therefore it was possible to determine by the serological reaction whether the infection had taken place. The multiplication of the bacteria in the cytoplasm of the midgut was also observed with the fluorescent antibody method. Specific fluorescence was observed only in the cytoplasm of the cylindrical cells in the midgut. This reaction was intensified with the multiplication of the bacteria. The growth phase observed with an optical-microscope was identical with that observed with an electron-microscope.View full abstractDownload PDF (2924K) -
Yoshio HONMI, Tadashi MIYATA, Tetsuo SAITO1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 76-78
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe topical toxicities of eight insecticides in susceptible (S), malathion-resistant (Rm) and fenvalerate-resistant (Rmf) strains of the brown planthopper were determined. The negatively correlated cross resistance was observed between malathion and fenvalerate. The insecticidal activity of fenvalerate (racemic) wholly depends on that of fenvalerate A.View full abstractDownload PDF (398K) -
Kenjiro KAWASAKI, Makiko IKEUCHI, Terunobu HIDAKA1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 78-80
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simple rearing method for Acanthoplusia agnata which does not require the change of artificial diet was developed. Each group of 5 insects was reared in a vinyl chloride cup containing the diet. On the average, 66.0% of the eggs inoculated in a cup with the diet pupated without change of the diet. A higher ratio of pupation (85.1%) was attained when the insects were transferred to the cup containing the artificial diet at the 2nd or 3rd instar larval stages.View full abstractDownload PDF (417K) -
Hiromi YAMAGUCHI1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 80-82
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (386K) -
III. Population Trends in Recent YearsRyoh-ichi OHGUSHI1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 82-85
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
XIV. Relationship between the Density and Rate of CopulationAkira KAWAI1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 85-87
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo analyse the relationship between the density of Thrips palmi and the rate of copulation, 4 plots with different densities of T. palmi were set up in plastic houses in which cucumber was cultivated. Each density level was maintained by spraying insecticides. In plots with low densities, the rate of copulation was also low, and the relationship could be expressed as y=1-e-20.93x(y: rate of copulation, x: number of adult females per leaf). The low density effect strongly influenced the population fluctuations of T. palmi.View full abstractDownload PDF (364K) -
Keisuke NAKATA1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 87-91
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in numbers, recruitment of new individuals, survival of residents, cohort structure and sex ratios of small rodents were examined for colonized populations in the areas from which individuals were removed in advance in the early spring of 1984 and 1985. For Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae, Apodemus argenteus and A. speciosus ainu, these demographic variables did not differ much from those of control populations.View full abstractDownload PDF (622K) -
X. Fauna of the Blackflies in Kanagawa PrefectureKatsumi SAITO, Akihiro KANAYAMA, Kazuki OGATA1987 Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 91-95
Published: February 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fauna and distribution of the blackflies in Kanagawa Prefecture were investigated by collecting the immature stages of flies at 33 sites in spring seasons of 1986. A total number of 2, 444 larvae and 243 pupae belonging to 2 genera and 14 species was collected at 23 sites, which are located mainly in highlands of the western part of Kanagawa Prefecture. Three species, Simulium ogatai, S. aureohirtum and S. nikkoense were newly recorded from Kanagawa. Predominant species was S. japonicum (36%) followed by S. uchidai (35%) and Prosimulium yezoense (19%).View full abstractDownload PDF (587K)
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