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Volume 36 (1992)
- Issue 4 Pages 217-
- Issue 3 Pages 153-
- Issue 2 Pages 81-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 36, Issue 3
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Kenichi KANDA, Yoshio HIRAI, Kyoichi TAKAHASHI, Jin KOBAYASHI, Kazuhir ...1992 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 153-157
Published: August 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEggs of the winter grain mite in the soil of Italian ryegrass fields tilled with a rotary plow are mostly distributed within 10cm of the soil surface. They are distributed more deeply (15cm or more) when the Italian ryegrass fields tilled with a moldboard plow. This suggests that moldboard plowing buries eggs of the winter grain mite more deeply than rotary plowing. This was confirmed by field experiments in which mite eggs were buried artificially at various depths and the subsequent number of emerging mites was examined. The emergence rate of young nymphal mites decreased with an increase in the egg burial depth. Moldboard plowing reduces the initial population of winter grain mites in a field by 91.6-94.8%. On the other hand, 59.5% to 31.0% of mites remain after rotary plowing. The results indicate that tilling by moldboard plowing in fields of cool season grass is a profitable management measure for controlling the winter grain mite.View full abstractDownload PDF (586K) -
I. Seasonal Trends in Feeding and Oviposition ActivitiesTakenari INOUE1992 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 159-168
Published: August 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUnder field conditions, newly-emerged adults of Argopistes biplagiatus show a high feeding activity in early summer, but it soon declines and stays at a low level during mid-to-late summer. In early autumn, the feeding activity increases again and stays at a high level until late autumn. After hibernation, feeding is resumed in early spring with a peak in May. From early to mid-summer, overwintered adults feed little on host leaves but their activity increases again in early autumn. Under field conditions, oviposition was observed only in spring (from March to May). Newlyemerged females collected from early summer to autumn never laid eggs under long (15L-9D) or short (12L-12D) photoperiod at 20°C. However, most females collected from late autumn to midwinter deposited eggs under long day conditions but not under short days. In early spring, they deposited eggs under both long and short days. This regulation mechanism possibly enhances the synchronicity of the oviposition period with the start of host-plant sprouting.View full abstractDownload PDF (1248K) -
Shin YAMAZAKI1992 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 169-175
Published: August 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe locomotor activity of individual 3rd (final) instar larva of Carabus insulicola insulicola was recorded by an infrared-beam actograph at 20°C. The larvae were raised under either LD 10.5:10.5 (10.5h light and 10.5h dark, T21), LD 12:12 (T24), LD 14:14 (T28), or constant light (LL) from eggs and placed in the actographs after the second molt. All the T21 or T24 larvae became entrained but T28 larvae did not; half of the T28 larvae showed ‘relative coordination’ and half showed no clear rhythmicity. The entrained larvae had an active phase (α) beginning a few hours after dusk until the end of the first half of the photophase. When α coincided with the photophase, the activity level remained high irrespective of the entrainment status. Phase-angle differences were read between the onset of activity and light-off (Ψon), and between the end of activity and light-on (Ψend). Within the range of entrainment, Ψdecreased as T increased; the mean change in Ψon per hour, expressed as degrees of T cycles, was 9.7°, and the change in Ψend was 17.7°. The length of α was nearly constant at the T21 and T24 entrainments, at T28 relative coordination, and at constant dark (DD) or LL free-running. The free-running period (23.4h) at DD for T21 larvae was significantly shorter than that for T24 larvae (24.5h).View full abstractDownload PDF (953K) -
Kenji KOYAMA1992 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 177-181
Published: August 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEssential amino acids for the growth of Sogatella furcifera were investigated. Insects were fed on a chemically-defined diet lacking one amino acid from the stage immediately after hatching. All the nymhs developed into adults on diets lacking any one of the following amino acids: alanine, aminobutyric acid, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, cystine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, homoserine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine. Therefore, no single amino acid is essential for growth. However, growth was markedly delayed with diets lacking either cysteine or methionine.View full abstractDownload PDF (526K) -
Tsutomu SAITO, Takahiro OISHI, Fumitaka IKEDA, Tadao SAWAKI1992 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 183-191
Published: August 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn outbreak of the serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (BURGESS) occurred on many ornamental crops and vegetables in the spring of 1990 in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The fly proved impossible for growers to control with conventional insecticides. Insecticides were evaluated for control of the fly on a bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the laboratory. Among 54 insecticides tested by spraying on one-day-old larvae, isoxathion, thiocyclam, cartap, cyromazine, and flufenoxuron gave high mortality. The LC50 values three days after treatment were 33, 72, 236, 4.8, and 103ppm, respectively. Eight days after treatment, the LC50 values for the insect growth regulators (IGRs), cyromazine and flufenoxuron, were 3.0 and 2.8ppm, respectively. The granular systemic insecticides cartap and acephate gave good larval control. High pupal mortalities occurred with the prepupae were placed on a polyethylene film treated with isoxathion, cyromazine, cartap, and thiocyclam. Isoxathion, thiocyclam, and ethofenprox had high adulticidal activity and reduced the number of feeding and oviposition punctures. Cyromazine and flufenoxuron lacked adulticidal activity and the repellent effect on feeding and oviposition. However, adult females exposed for 2 days to the IGR-treated foliage had reduced eggs and larvae viability. Adult females that survived the IGR treatment as larvae had fewer progeny.View full abstractDownload PDF (1106K) -
Minoru MIYASONO, Makiko YAMAMOTO, Katsuaki OHBA, Tatsuo KOSHIHARA, Tak ...1992 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 193-196
Published: August 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe artificial diet and rearing method for diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella has been improved. A diet containing chopped fresh cabbage leaves supported uniform larval size and more than 90% of larvae became adults. The rearing process reduced labor for collection of eggs and pupae.View full abstractDownload PDF (1202K) -
A Model Experiment with CageAkihiro MIYANOSHITA, Shozo KAWAI1992 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 196-199
Published: August 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe survival rate of Ceroplastes japonicus GREEN on Euonymus japonicus THUNB. was compared between two groups of test plants; one group was isolated from natural enemies by cages covered with 1-mm mesh net, and another group without cages was the control. Females of C. japonicus survived much more on test plants with cages than on controls. Active predation by larvae of Mallada boninensis (OKAMOTO) was observed from July to August on test plants without cages, but no other predators were observed. Although larvae of M. boninensis are not known to be predators of C. japonicus, it is suggested that predation by this species is a major mortality factor of C. japonicus in summer. In September and October, a large number of C. japonicus adult females moved from leaves to stems, which resulted in a decrease in the population. The main mortality factor in autumn may be failure to resettle the new infestation site.View full abstractDownload PDF (1737K) -
Shinya ANDO, Mamoru WATANABE1992 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 200-201
Published: August 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mating frequency of wild females of Pieris canidia indica was examined by dissection of the bursa copulatrix. Most females of age class 0 had at least one spermatophore, suggesting that they mated soon after eclosion. Aged females were observed to have two or more spermatophores. The volume of the bursa copulatrix increased when the female mated. Virgin females carry about 300 immature eggs. Older females have about 100 immature eggs, so at least 200 mature eggs are thought to be deposited throughout the female life span.View full abstractDownload PDF (262K) -
Hirohisa KURAMOTO, Mitsuaki SHIMAZU1992 Volume 36 Issue 3 Pages 202-203
Published: August 25, 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pathogenicity of four isolates of entomogenous fungi of the housefly, Musca domestica was investigated to screen effective controls for flies in poultry houses. Adults of M. domestica were dipped into conidial suspensions of Beauveria bassiana from M. domestica, Metarhizium anisopliae from Anomala cuprea, and two isolates of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus from Epinotia granitalis. All the suspensions and isolates infected M. domestica but B. bassiana showed pathogenicity, and seems to be a promising control for the housefly.View full abstractDownload PDF (262K)
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