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Volume 21 (1977)
- Issue 4 Pages 179-
- Issue 3 Pages 119-
- Issue 2 Pages 59-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 21, Issue 4
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Akira KOMATSU1977 Volume 21 Issue 4 Pages 179-183
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRespiratory movements were recorded with strain gauge in 56 male adult cockroaches, Periplaneta australasiae FABRICIUS. Insects were studied for 200 days after imaginal ecdysis, within the period, each animal was recorded for 6 hours in a day. Younger adults showed slow but periodic abdominal respiratory movement with ventilation periods and pause periods. Typical periodic respiration persisted for at least 3 days after emergence. Thereafter, it gradually changed to aperiodic respiration. A few animals of 100 days or more after emergence entirely lacked ordinary abdominal respiratory movements.View full abstractDownload PDF (655K) -
Hironori SAKURAI1977 Volume 21 Issue 4 Pages 184-189
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHistological changes in the fat body of the housefly during metamorphosis were studied, with special reference to the origin of pupal and adult fat body. After pupation, the larval fat body was disorganized and each cell floated freely within the abdominal cavity. Histolized fragments of larval tissues were phagositized by granulocytes which subsequently turned into spherule cells. The granulocytes localized under the epidermis were organized and formed the adult fat body at the middle pupal stage. The larval fat body cells, having phagositized the spherule cells and nucleic droplets, were broken down completely after the middle pupal stage. Cell materials of larval fat body were aggregated around the chromatin and formed the pupal fat body in the late pupal stage. Consequently, the evidence suggests that both the pupal and adult fat body are the tissues generated during metamorphosis. Furthermore, the granulocytes appear to play an important role in the formation of the fat body.View full abstractDownload PDF (3672K) -
Hiroshi NAKAMURA1977 Volume 21 Issue 4 Pages 190-196
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany experimental studies have examined the effect of larval aggregation on the survival and development of gregarious insects, but the cause of high mortality of young larvae in small rearing groups and the relation between the young larval mortality rate and the size of the rearing group are not well understood. If the mortality of newly emerged larvae is due solely to their inability to bite their food foliage, the mortality rate in a group of n larvae can be stated as Mn=(1-p)n, where p is the probability that an arbitrarily chosen larva is able to bite its food foliage within a limited time. Larvae of three gregarious species, Spilarctia imparilis BUTLER, Neodiprion sertifer GEOFFROY and Eurydema rugosum MOTSCHULSKY, were reared in different group sizes. The mortality rate of first instar larvae in each group of S. imparilis coincided well with the theoretical value caluculated from the model. It is suggested as an alternative interpretation of the model that there are two types of newly emerged larvae, one which can bite and one which cannot bite food when isolated. Larval mortality when the number of hatchlings from an egg mass becomes small due to egg parasitism is also discussed in connection with the model.View full abstractDownload PDF (845K) -
Yôzô MURAKAMI, Kenji UMEYA, Nobuhiko OHO1977 Volume 21 Issue 4 Pages 197-203
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe first infestations of the chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, were observed in Okayama Prefecture in 1941, and since 1946 it spread rapidly and soon became one of the major pests of chestnut trees in Japan. The origin of the pest was not established, but it was thought to have been accidentally introduced from China. In the summer of 1975, 69 galls of the chestnut gall wasp were collected in a grove at a suburb of Hsian, Shensi, China and imported to Japan. In early April, 1976, 4 females and 3 males of Torymus (Syntomaspis) sp. emerged from these galls. Later the galls were opened for examination. The dead adults or pupae of 5 species of parasitoids were found in these galls; i.e., Megastigmus sp., Ormyrus sp., Eurytoma brunniventris, Eudecatoma sp. and an undetermined chalcidoid. Parasitism was estimated to be between 60 and 80 percent in the grove where the material had been collected. A preliminary release test of the Chinese parasitoid, T. (S.) sp. was made on four caged branches on two chestnut trees at the Fruit Tree Research Station, Hiratsuka by using 3 females and 2 males. They produced 10.3 progenies per female on the average. This suggested the possibility of successful establishment in Japan of this parasitoid. Among the Chinese parasitoids so far examined T. (S.) sp. was the only parasitoid which was host-specific and synchronous with the chestnut gall wasp. Therefore, it was recommended that the parasitoid shoud be introduced from China for the biological control of the chestnut gall wasp in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (1011K) -
Rikio SATO1977 Volume 21 Issue 4 Pages 204-209
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine suitable dyes for internal marking of the smaller tea tortrix moth (Adoxophyes sp.), larvae were fed 52 different dyes incorporated into artificial diets. The adults were dissected to inspect their organs and tissues stained with the dyes. Ductus ejaculatorius simplex and accessory glands of males were stained red with hydrophilic dyes such as Sudan Red (SR, 0.2%, W/V) and Rhodamine B (RB, 0.1%). When an untreated female copulated with a male marked with SR or RB, the females spermatheca became noticeably red with the stained material transferred from the male. However, the SR and RB stains faded each day and some males were unmarked 3 days after emergence. In the case of lipophilic dyes, fat bodies, ovaries and testes were stained blue and red with Sudan Black (SB, 0.2%) and Sudan III (SIII, 0.4%), respectively. The marked males transferred stained spermatophores into the paired females and the marked females laid stained eggs. The stains of fat bodies did not fade for 5 to 6 days and even after several matings. Although larval growth was slightly retarded and pupal weights were somewhat decreased by treatment with SB and SIII, the marked specimens (with SB, SIII, or RB) were fully competitive with untreated specimens in mating under laboratory conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (768K) -
Tsutomu NEGISHI, Taketoshi ISHIWATARI, Shoji ASANO1977 Volume 21 Issue 4 Pages 210-215
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMass trapping trials for control of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta Busck, were conducted for two seasons. In 1974, it was confirmed that more male moths are normally captured by traps bordering the orchard than those in the interior. The effectiveness of mass trapping in these trials varied with field population density. Greater numbers of moths were trapped late in the season, during the fourth and fifth generations. Mean young shoot injuries per tree in the mass trapped area at the end of July were 38.9 and 60.4 in 1974 and 1975, respectively. In the check, these figures were 88.8 to 133 and 57.3 to 122.3, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1121K) -
Chisato HIRANO1977 Volume 21 Issue 4 Pages 216-219
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn an attempt to test the efficiency of water-pan traps baited with synthetic sex pheromone (a 9:1 mixture of (Z, E)-9, 11-tetradecadienyl acetate and (Z, E)-9, 12-tetradecadienyl acetate), known numbers of laboratory-reared 1- or 2-day old male moths, Spodoptera litura, was marked and released in evening of each release date at the center of a plot surrounded with 8 traps, and recovery of released males in the traps was examined in the next morning. Throughout all 6 releases from June to August, about 30% of released males was recaptured in 8 traps, 20∼30m apart. Although wild males were equally captured among 8 traps, recovery data for released males showed contagious or concentrated catches in a few adjacent traps. This indicated that released males were directly attracted to windward traps from a distance of at least 20∼30m, but not attracted within a few meter range in which males entered occasionally as a result of random flight.View full abstractDownload PDF (1050K) -
Shigeo MORIYA, Yoichi MAEDA, Tomoe YONEKUBO, Koichi ASAKAWA1977 Volume 21 Issue 4 Pages 220-226
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of isoprothiolane fungicide, diisopropyl-1, 3-dithiolan-2-ylidenmalonate, on the longevity and fecundity of brown planthoppers were examined under laboratory conditions. The adults and nymphs of planthopper were fed rice seedlings treated with an aqueous solution of isoprothiolane (IPT) by the root dipping method. The adults fed with 40ppm treated seedlings throughout the stage had shorter lives, especially males, and less oviposition but a normal preoviposition period compared with untreated adults. The eggs laid by treated females showed lower hatchability than the eggs of untreated females. However, the eggs laid by females treated for a shorter period (7 days) hatched normally and the nymphs showed normal growth and development to adult emergence when reared with untreated seedlings. The nymphs reared with treated seedlings from the first instar stage slowly died in the third to the fifth instar stages; death frequently occurred at moulting. The adults emerged from nymphs fed with 5ppm treated seedlings throughout the nymphal stage showed decreased longevity in comparison to untreated adults and the number of eggs laid decreased considerably. Little effect on egg hatching was observed when rice seedlings oviposited by untreated planthoppers were treated with IPT; hatched nymphs showed normal growth and development to emergence.View full abstractDownload PDF (847K) -
Kanji TACHIBANA1977 Volume 21 Issue 4 Pages 227-230
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (533K) -
Shigeo MURAKOSHI, Toshiya KAMIKADO, Saburo TAMURA1977 Volume 21 Issue 4 Pages 230-232
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1423K) -
Osamu SETOKUCHI1977 Volume 21 Issue 4 Pages 232-236
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1165K) -
III. The Growth of Greenhouse Whitefly and Aphid Populations and Their Chemical Control in the Vinyl HouseTetsuo SAITO, Nobuo OGURA, Syun'iti IWAO, Tadashi MIYATA, Hachiro HOND ...1977 Volume 21 Issue 4 Pages 236-238
Published: December 25, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (329K)
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