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Volume 19 (1975)
- Issue 4 Pages 223-
- Issue 3 Pages 125-
- Issue 2 Pages 63-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 19, Issue 1
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Tetsu ASAYAMA, Fumihiko KAWAMOTO1975 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
Published: March 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe most distinct difference between the nucleopolyhedrosis virus of Euproctis similis and those of others (NPV) was the number of nucleocapsids enveloped in an envelope. A nucleocapsid bundle of NPV in E. similis was composed of 1 to 39 nucleocapsids, and the highest frequency in the enveloped number of nucleocapsids was 7. However, small peaks apparently appeared at the number of 1, 4, 10, 12, 16, 19, 21 and 24 nucleocapsids. The arrangement of nucleocapsids in an orderly hexagonal outline were observed in cross sections of the multiply enveloped nucleocapsids and the batches of naked nucleocapsids. The rod-shaped nucleocapsid is about 40nm in diameter, 350nm in length. The triangular or irregularly distorted polyhedra are 1 to 3μ in size, and the two-combined polyhedra was rarely observed in the nucleus.
Membrane-like profiles, which have been reported only in NPV-infected Trichoplusia ni, were seen in the host cells associated with the fibrillar material structure. During the maturation process of the NPV, many virus particles were observed to be closely apposed to the clumps of fibrillar structure. However, no virus was ever seen within the fibrillar structure. Multiplication of NPV of E. similis was observed in the cytoplasm of infected fat body cell, similar to intranuclear multiplication.View full abstractDownload PDF (7152K) -
Shinji YOKOI, Teiji OMINO, Hideakira TSUJI1975 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 11-16
Published: March 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBehavioral differences among three noctuid species larvae were experimentally investigated in relation to the efficacy of a commercial bait (Nekiriton® Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo) against three species. The order of efficacy of the poison bait granules (containing 1% trichlorfon), when placed on soil surface, was A. ipsilon>S. litura>M. brassicae. However, the efficacy order differed with that of trichlorfon EC as well as that of isoxathion EC when applied on leaves of Chinese cabbage. In this case, the order of efficacy was A. ipsilon=M. brassicae>S. litura. The order of earliness of the developmental stage at which the larvae begin to enter into soil was A. ipsilon≥M. brassicae>S. litura, suggesting that the excellent efficacy of the poison bait against A. ipsilon larvae was to some extent due to their marked behaviour concealing underground. The order of feeding preference for the bait granules was S. litura>A. ipsilon>M. brassicae. This indicates some possibility that the relatively lower efficacy of the poison bait against M. brassicae larvae is related to their feeding preference. The closest correlation, however, was found between the order of efficacy of the poison bait and that of readiness of the three species larvae leaving the leaves of the normal food plant. The occurrence of migration of S. litura and A. ipsilon larvae from a leaf to another leaf was less dependent on the rearing density of the larvae before the experiment, but was much dependent on the larval density during the experiment. M. brassicae, on the other hand, hardly migrated as far as the leaf was suitable as their food even if the larval density was high before and during the experiment. These results suggest that density-dependent field migration of S. litura and A. ipsilon larvae may occur considerably before the complete consumption of their food plant, whereas that of M. brassicae larvae may be induced by the nearly complete food consumption.View full abstractDownload PDF (2515K) -
Joji AOKI, Kazumasa KATAGIRI, Tamotsu KUSHIDA1975 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 17-22
Published: March 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree pathogenic fungi were isolated from the dead larvae of Mimela costata HOPE. Two isolates were identified as Beauveria tenella (DELACR.) SIEM. and B. bassiana (BALS.) VUILL., respectively. The larvae of Anomala cuprea HOPE, Heptophylla picea MOTSCH., and Maladera castanea ARROW were infected experimentally by dipping them in the liquid media containing conidia of B. tenella and of B. bassiana, and by contacting them with the pupal cadavers of Bombyx mori L. which had been infected with these fungi. The third isolate was closely related to Synnematium jonesii SPEARE, but it differed from SPEARE'S original description of S. jonesii in having short phialides and very small oblong conidia. This is the first record of these fungi on scarabaeid larvae in Japan. B. tenella appeared to be the major factor causing the decline of the high population density of M. costata.View full abstractDownload PDF (2423K) -
Kanji TACHIBANA1975 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 23-28
Published: March 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA device was invented for recording pulsation of the dorsal vessel in intact insects. A constant light beam projected on the heart or the aorta of the dorsal vessel through the middorsal cuticle was reflected on the photo-cell in a pick-up. Direction of the reflected light beam, as being fluctuated by pulsation, was detected by photoelectric effect of the photo-cell and its change was converted to the potential difference. The potential change amplified to record a mechanocardiogram with the pen-writing oscillograph. The pick-up was a bridge and consisted of two constant 50K ohm each, and one variable resistance and photoconductive element. A CdS-cell was used instead of the photo-cell in the previous work. The mechano-cardiograms recorded with the present new type pick-up were essentially the same as those done with the old one. However, the new pick-up was more effective in recording the mechanocardiograms of the larvae, pupae and adults of Bombyx mori, Dioryctria splendidella, Sphingidae sp., Lucanus maculifemoratus and Hyphantria cunea, because of its compact size, low power consumption and high sensitivity; 14 to 17 times as sensitive as the old one.View full abstractDownload PDF (817K) -
II. Features of the Population Dynamics Based on the Results of One-year SurveyYosiaki ITÔ, Masami SAKIYAMA, Masaru OSADA1975 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 29-34
Published: March 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPopulation density of Pieris rapae crucivora in the Island of Okinawa was high during autumn, winter and spring but remarkably low in summer. This special feature of population dynamics could be explained with the analysis of ten life tables obtained throughout a year. Rises of the density during autumn and early spring were mainly due to the shortage of a larval parasite, Apanteles glomeratus; and the lack of a pupal parasite, Pteromarus puparum, and the granulosis virus in Okinawa. These are important natural enemies of Pieris in Japanese mainland. Sudden decrease of the density seen in early summer was principally caused by the rise in mortality of the eggs and the 1st instar larvae. No adult of Apanteles glomeratus was found during the period from August to February in 2 years despite our observation of more than ten thousand mature larvae for the same period. This parasite was considered to reach a level near extinction each summer, probably due either to a high temperature or to shortage of the host larvae.View full abstractDownload PDF (778K) -
Masami SASAKI1975 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 35-40
Published: March 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDaily patterns of various behavioral rhythms in the cucumber looper, Anadevidia peponis, were observed under 12L-12D photoperiod and a constant temperature. They showed almost no rhythmicity in hatching and larval feeding, but a slight rhythmicity in 4th larval molting with a peak in photophase. Larval-pupal ecdysis occurred toward the end of a scotophase and the beginning of the next photophase, whereas the peak of adult emergence fell at the end of photophase. Nocturnal activity of the adult moths included three distinctive peaks. The first followed by a light-off and the second linked to a light-on were of flight activity observed in both sexes. Whereas, the third activity was related to their sexual behavior. Approximately in 7hrs from a light-off, the female released the sex pheromone for the following 3hrs, while the male was in flight for 1-1.5hrs. Although the male activity was well synchronized with the pheromone release of the female, the former was completely independent from the presence of female or sex pheromone.View full abstractDownload PDF (2589K) -
Shûji TAKEUCHI, Kazuyoshi MIYASHITA1975 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 41-46
Published: March 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe males and females of S. litura in mating status were killed at certain intervals and their reproductive organs were dissected. After 40 minutes from the commencement of mating, the aedeagus began to secrete a transparent yellow mass into the bursa copulatrix. Following after the expansion of the yellow mass, the top portion of sperm sac of spermatophore began to extend into the bursa copulatrix. The sperm sac changed the shape from club to grobe as the sperm injection proceeded. The sperm injection was completed by about 70 minutes, neverthless, the tip (of column) of spermatophore still remained in the aedeagus. In following several minutes, both sexes were usually separated. The female moths caught by light traps showed a polyandric character. The number of spermatophores contained in the bursa copulatrix of a female varied from 0 to 5, with the average of 1.7. The dissection result of such polyandric females suggests a certain mechanism by which another male can deposit an additional spermatophore on to the appointed position in the bursa copulatrix. The sperm sac of the previously deposited spermatophore collapsed or partly dissolved after exhaustion of its content. In addition, the column of spermatophore bended strongly toward the ventral side, so that the marginal space was produced in the bursa copulatrix to accommodate an additional spermatophore. The existence of such mechanism suggests that the moths effectively utilize the sperms supplied by successive matings for the fertilization of eggs.View full abstractDownload PDF (3056K) -
VI. Intraspecific Larval Competition in Callosobruchus analis (F.)Kenji UMEYA, Toshiyuki KATO, Takeo KOCHA1975 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 47-53
Published: March 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCallosobruchus analis, like other members of the same genus, deposits several eggs on a single azuki bean, but characteristically only one adult emerges from each bean. This is not due to the limited food supply, because one bean is sufficient in quantity for at least two larvae to complete their development. It is presumably due to the aggressive behavior of the larvae. After hatching, the larvae burrow into the bean and progressively move to the centre where they settle and feed. When they reach the third or fourth instar, a cell is formed in the central part of the bean as a result of their feeding activity. The larvae thus encounter one another in this cell in the latter half of their larval development. Dissection of the infested beans reveals that there are dead bodies of larvae in the cell. When the bodies are not decomposed, injuries, apparently inflicted by the mandibles are observed, which undoubtedly means that they were attacked and killed by their partners. Exceptionally, two adults may emerge from one bean. In such a case there are two cells in the bean separated one another by a wall formed by broken food residues. No aggression of this kind by the larvae has been known previously among the been weevils.View full abstractDownload PDF (875K) -
Joji AOKI, Kurako YANASE1975 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 54-56
Published: March 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (609K) -
Kisaku AKUTSU1975 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 57-58
Published: March 25, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (324K)
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