All issues
Volume 18 (1974)
- Issue 4 Pages 159-
- Issue 3 Pages 99-
- Issue 2 Pages 43-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 18, Issue 4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
I. Homogeneity of Predator's Ability to Attack PreyMasae SHIYOMI1974 Volume 18 Issue 4 Pages 159-165
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA predatious bug, Podisus maculiventris, impaled a prey, whether living or dead, with its proboscis and then proceeded to suck prey's juice. a single attack by a predator was sufficient to kill the prey. Two individuals of Galleria mellonella and one of P. maculiventris were placed in each of 208 petri-plates. The number of killed prey in each petri-plate was counted after 23hr, and a frequency distribution of the number of deaths was constructed. Based on this frequency distribution, a statistical model describing a theoretical distribution of the number of deaths of prey was built up. In the model the average ability of attacks and the variation in the ability of attacks of the predators were incorporated. The following results were obtained: 1) The number of prey deaths was expected to increase concomitantly with an increase of the frequency of predator's attacks. In this case there was no proportional increase in prey deaths with the increase in the frequency of attack or in the number of predators, because the predators attacked not only living prey but also dead ones. 2) The more homogeneous the predator's ability of attack, the more prey were killed by the predator population. This relationship between prey and predators may be more important in some case than the first result.View full abstractDownload PDF (748K) -
Yoshito SUZUKI, Keiji KIRITANI1974 Volume 18 Issue 4 Pages 166-170
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFemale sub-adults and adults of L. pseudoannulata were reared at 30°C, and 16hr illumination to investigate the effect of feeding regimes on their reproduction. The more prey (female adult of Nephotettix cincticeps) supplied each day, the more were captured, but the proportion of prey captured was reduced as the food supply increased. Subadults which consumed more than one prey per day developed normally, while those consumed one prey in every two days delayed in development and emerged as adults with smaller carapace width. These malnourished females were less fecund with a prolonged pre-oviposition period. The first oviposition occurred about 9 days after emergence when the females were allowed to feed more than 4 prey per day in the adult stage. No. of eggs per egg-sac increased as the amount of daily food consumption during the adult stage increased. A linear relationship was established between the amount of food consumed per day and the rate of egg maturation (no. of eggs oviposited/pre-oviposition period in days). The slope of the regression line suggested that females produced about 3 eggs by every one prey consumption. When females were allowed to prey upon mixed prey consisting of 5 species collected from paddy fields, they laid much more eggs than those preyed upon N. cincticeps only. This suggested that mixed prey consumption works in favour of reproduction of the spider.View full abstractDownload PDF (610K) -
Iwao TAKAHASHI, Akio MASUI1974 Volume 18 Issue 4 Pages 171-176
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe behavior of diazinon in the paddy field was studied chemically and biologically after the water surface application, which was used practically. On the first day after the application of diazinon 3% granules (3kg per 10a), 66g of diazinon was detected in water, 38g in soil, 0.6g in rice plant and 3.6g of gaseous diazinon in air in 24hr. On the second day 75g of diazinon in all were found, on the fourth day 21g, and on the 15th day only 2g of diazinon. Concentration of the chemical in rice plant depended on diazinon concentration in water. It seemed that 0.3ppm of diazinon in rice plant was enough to kill the larvae of the rice stem borer for successive 9 days, that is, effective against the larvae which infested the rice plant between 4 days before and 4 days after application.View full abstractDownload PDF (1450K) -
II. BionomicsHideo UEMATSU1974 Volume 18 Issue 4 Pages 177-182
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe eggs laid were oval in shape, measuring 174μ long and 62μ wide. Newly-hatched larvae had 4 pairs of spiracles, while matured larvae had 8 pairs. The pupae, 895μ long and 435μ wide, was milky-white in color just after pupation but became blackish brown later. The larvae appeared in 3 or 4 days after being deposited at 25°C. Pupation took place 6-7 days later. The length of the pupal stage was 10 days. The threshold of the development and thermal constant for completion of immature stages was 12.7°C and 259 day-degrees, respectively. The length of adult life was about 30 days when fed on diluted honey. Adults appeared from mid April to the later part of November at Miyazaki. The insect may repeat 8 generations a year in Miyazaki and 7 in Fukuoka. It was clarified that the eggs were deposited on living adult diaspidids containing larvae of the primary parasite, without distinction of the generation, when the host density was decreased. The eggs deposited in such a manner in November hatched in the winter and drowned, since the body content of the scale was not yet eaten by the primary parasite.View full abstractDownload PDF (1948K) -
Shigeru KIMURA1974 Volume 18 Issue 4 Pages 183-188
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring the larval-larval transformation of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, the glycogen content in the body wall (the integument with attached muscles and fat bodies) increased to the maximum at the time when the new cuticle formation commenced, and then decreased sharply to the minimum just after ecdysis. On the other hand, the changing pattern of the blood trehalose titer was a little different from that of the glycogen content with respect to the time of the increasing and decreasing. Blood glucose and hexosamine titers remained very low and unchangeable throughout that period. These results suggest that the blood trehalose may be synthesized from the glucose residue of the fat body glycogen at the moulting period. The chitin content gradually decreased untill 12hr after the commencement of the new cuticle formation, and later increased sharply up to ecdysis. On the other hand, the amount of the body wall hexosamine increased straight-forwardly until larval ecdysis occurred. The chitinase activity in the body wall reflected the fate of both metabolites. The radioactive tracing of CO2, mono- and polysaccharides after the administration of 14C-glucose revealed that the glycogen which was deposited at the early stage of the feeding period was degraded and utilized as an energy source and a precursor in the chitin synthesis via trehalose metabolism at the late stage of the larval-larval transformation.View full abstractDownload PDF (757K) -
Tetsu ASAYAMA, Ikuo INAGAKI, Fumihiko KAWAMOTO, Chiharu SUTO1974 Volume 18 Issue 4 Pages 189-197
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe common maturation sequence of the nucleopolyhedrosis viruses (NPV) of E. subflava and D. japonica in the fat body cells was as follows: (1) nucleocapsids protruding irregularly from the surface of agglomerated chromatin; (2) regular stacking array of nucleocapsids associated with membranes constructed de novo; (3) random release of nucleocapsids from the cluster to the nuclear matrix; (4) envelopment of nucleocapsids with a membrane; (5) incipient attachment of polyhedron protein with outer membrane of the enveloped nucleocapsids; (6) progressive deposition of polyhedron protein between two or three enveloped nucleocapsids in close proximity; (7) incorporation of enveloped nucleocapsids into the polyhedron in a haphazard manner; and (8) mature polyhedron covered with polyhedron membrane. The two NPVs were different in the number of nucleocapsids enveloped within a membrane. In case of D. japonica, 1 to 9 nucleocapsids were enveloped and the other, it was mostly 2 nucleocapsids. No unenveloped nucleocapsid was incorporated in polyhedron protein, although empty envelope or enveloped nucleocapsid was incorporated. During the above morphogenesis and virogenesis, round dark spots associated with chromatin were observed. Sheath-like structures appeared from the virogenic stromata (agglomerated chromatin). Furthermore, long striated structure and fibrillar material structure were observed in the infected nuclei. Morphology of the fibrillar material were distinguished between line periodicity structure and fibrous structure: the former was observed within nuclei connected with polyhedron protein, the latter was observed within both sides of nuclei and cytoplasm.View full abstractDownload PDF (5499K) -
Mobuhiko OHO, Hideo YAMADA, Hitoshi NAKAZAWA1974 Volume 18 Issue 4 Pages 198-199
Published: December 25, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (987K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|