Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 1347-6068
Print ISSN : 0021-4914
ISSN-L : 0021-4914
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Volume 55, Issue 4
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
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Regular Papers
  • Oviposition of Sorghum Plant Bug, Stenotus rubrovittatus (Matsumura) (Heteroptera: Miridae) on Rice Plants
    Masuhiro Ishimoto
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 193-197
    Published: November 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2011.193
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    To determine the possibility of Stenotus rubrovittatus nymphs occurring on rice plants, oviposition on rice ears was investigated. A pair of adults was released on a caged ear at three rice stages: at heading, at 7 or 8 days and at 14 days after heading, and left on the ear for 3 days. Eggs were laid in normal glumes and in “Hakufu” (dead, white glumes), but eggs in normal glumes were observed only at heading. On release of adults at heading, the percentage of oviposited ears was 50.0–58.3% and the average number of eggs laid in each ear was 8.7–13.8. Very few hatchlings emerged from glumes at any of the stages. These results suggest that nymph numbers in rice fields are low because few hatchlings emerge.
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  • Reproduction of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) on Sesame
    Kazuhide Nakaishi, Yasuhiro Fukui, Ryo Arakawa
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 199-205
    Published: November 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2011.199
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    We found many mirid stink bugs, Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter), on sesame plants outdoors, even though there were few prey. This suggests that N. tenuis can be reared on sesame without prey, so we investigated their fecundity on sesame, and on cucumber, tomato, eggplant and bell pepper without prey for comparison. Nesidiocoris tenuis were also reared on sesame with defrosted eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller). On sesame without moth eggs, the survival rate from egg to adult of N. tenuis was 59.3%, which was significantly higher than on eggplant, but not significantly different from cucumber and sesame with moth eggs. No adult N. tenuis emerged on tomato and bell pepper. On sesame without moth eggs, the developmental period from egg to adult of N. tenuis was 29.0 days, which was significantly shorter than on cucumber and eggplant, but significantly longer than on sesame with moth eggs. On sesame without moth eggs, the male and female adult longevity of N. tenuis was 38.4 days and 27.7 days, respectively, which was significantly longer than on other plants, but not significantly different from sesame with moth eggs. Nesidiocoris tenuis laid 63.6 eggs on sesame without moth eggs, and a significantly greater number of 166.4 eggs on sesame with moth eggs, but a significantly lower number of 4 eggs or fewer on cucumber, tomato, eggplant and bell pepper. The intrinsic rate of the natural increase and the intrinsic rate for 30 days of N. tenuis reared on sesame with moth eggs was 0.0865 and 13.4, respectively, while the intrinsic rate of natural increase and the intrinsic rate for 30 days of N. tenuis reared on sesame without moth eggs was 0.0465 and 4.0, respectively, which was lower than on sesame with moth eggs. These results suggest that N. tenuis can be reared only on sesame and also that sesame can be an insectary plant for N. tenuis.
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  • Seasonal Occurrence and Ovarian Development of Flying Adult of the Two-Striped Leaf Beetle, Medythia nigrobilineata (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Crysomelidae)
    Joji Kashin
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 207-215
    Published: November 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2011.207
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    To clarify the seasonal change in the dispersal ability of the two-striped leaf beetle, Medythia nigrobilineata, the occurrence and ovarian development of adult insects were investigated in soybean fields in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Soybean seedling traps were installed from April to May before the germination of soybean seeds sown in the fields. Overwintered adults were observed in the traps from late April to early May, about one month before the normal germination of soybean. Two methods were used to collect insects: tapping on soybean plants and the use of sticky traps set in the soybean fields. The number of adults of the 1st generation captured using sticky traps was smaller than for overwintered and 2nd generations. Among the overwintered generation, female adults collected on the soybean seedlings had developed ovaries and mature eggs, whereas the adults captured using sticky traps had poorly developed ovaries. Female adults of the 1st generation collected both by tapping on soybean plants and by using sticky traps had developed ovaries. The ovaries of the female adults of the 2nd generation were immature, showing no difference between the collection methods used. The sex ratio of the adults captured using sticky traps showed no significant difference from that of adults collected by tapping on soybean plants. These results suggest that immature adults have high flight activity, and that overwintered and 2nd generation adults are involved in the flight dispersal of the species.
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  • Prey Consumption by Geocoris varius and G. proteus (Heteroptera: Geocoridae) Provided with Horticultural Major Pests in Greenhouses.
    Hiroshi Oida, Fujio Kadono
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 217-225
    Published: November 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2011.217
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    We investigated the number of prey consumed in 24 h by 3rd and 5th instars of 2 species of polyphagous predators, Geocoris varius and G. proteus, provided with 4 prey species: Tetranychus urticae adult females, Frankliniella occidentalis 2nd instar, Aphis gossypii apterous adults, and Helicoverpa armigera eggs or 1st instar. The number of prey consumed differed significantly among prey densities in all predator×prey combinations, except in 3rd instar of G. varius provided with T. urticae or A. gossypii. Geocoris varius consumed prey maximally at higher prey density than G. proteus in 3rd instar with F. occidentalis larvae or H. armigera eggs, and in 5th instar, except with F. occidentalis larvae. Maximum numbers of prey consumed differed significantly between predator instars. Geocoris varius consumed more prey than G. proteus at 5th instar for all prey species. They also consumed more F. occidentalis larvae and H. armigera eggs than G. proteus at 3rd instar. These results show the higher predatory potential of G. varius and its promise as a biological control agent against major horticultural pests.
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  • Comparative Studies on Development and Reproduction of Four Cereal Aphid Species Reared on Sorghum or Barley to Evaluate as Alternative Prey for Banker Plant System
    Junichiro Abe, Takayuki Mitsunaga, Hiroshi Kumakura, Eizi Yano
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 227-239
    Published: November 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2011.227
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    Intrinsic rates of the natural increase of four cereal aphid species, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), and Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) reared on sorghum or barley were compared in order to evaluate their usefulness as alternative hosts for a banker plant system using predators such as an aphidophagous gall midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani), especially for the use in the hot season. Survivorship curves, total survival period, and fecundity of each aphid species on the leaf fragments of the two host plants were examined at four constant temperatures. Based on these data, intrinsic rates of the natural increase of all aphid species were calculated. On the leaf fragments of sorghum, M. sacchari had the highest intrinsic rate of a natural increase among four aphid species at all temperatures. On leaf fragments of barley at 20°C, 25°C and 30°C, S. graminum showed the highest intrinsic rates. These results suggest that the combination of sorghum as banker plants, and M. sacchari as alternative hosts, could be suitable for use in the hot season. Based on the results, the usefulness of these banker plants and alternative hosts in commercial greenhouses was discussed.
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  • An Area-wide Occurrence of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetanychidae), Observed in Wax Gourd (Benincasa hispida) Greenhouses on Miyako Island, Okinawa, in 2009, and Subsequent Disappearance of the Spider Mites
    Akiko Miyagi, Tsuyoshi Ooishi, Suguru Ohno, Kazufumi Yoza, Ayako Ooish ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2011 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 241-247
    Published: November 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2011.241
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    Although Tetranychus urticae Koch (green form) has rarely been found on the southwestern region of Okinawa (the Sakishima Islands), we found an unexpected simultaneous occurrence of this species in 2009 in wax gourd greenhouses on one of the islands (Miyako Island). In that year, T. urticae occurred in 43% of wax gourd fields among the surveyed fields. In 2010, however, the frequency of occurrence naturally decreased; the species was found in only 3% of the fields from January to May and later become not found. These results have important implications for controlling spider mites on vegetable greenhouses in that area. Specifically, T. urticae can temporarily increase, but it cannot colonize the Sakishima Islands permanently due to some unknown biotic or abiotic factor(s). Neither the infestation frequency nor the species composition of other Tetanychus spider mites in the wax gourd greenhouses varied significantly between 2009 and 2010, suggesting that the occurrence of T. urticae did not affect the occurrence of other congeners.
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Short communications
  • Wild Host Plants of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Biotypes in the Ryukyu Islands, Southwestern Japan
    Keisuke Kijima, Shigenori Ueda, Kenkichi Kanmiya, Tomoko Ganahakikumur ...
    Article type: Short Communication
    2011 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 249-253
    Published: November 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2011.249
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Determination of wild host plants as possible sources of pest insects is important for integrated crop management in cultivated areas. We first clarified biotypes of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, infesting non-crop plants (36 species in 14 families) throughout the Ryukyu Islands, which are subtropical areas in Japan. The B biotype, the most common biotype on crop plants in this area, was found on 32 non-crop plant species (in 13 families), and frequently infested asteraceous and euphorbiaceous weeds; therefore, control of these weeds is important for integrated management of the B biotype in the Ryukyu Islands. The Nauru biotype had a narrower host range, and was found on 13 plant species (in 6 families). The Q biotype was found only once on a Solanum weed. One biotype belonging to the genetic group ‘China’ was identified from two plant species growing on the seashore.
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  • Discrimination of Two Reproductive Forms of Thrips tabaci by PCRRFLP, and Distribution of Arrhenotokous T. tabaci in Tottori Prefecture
    Ryouichi Takeuchi, Satoshi Toda
    Article type: Short Communication
    2011 Volume 55 Issue 4 Pages 254-257
    Published: November 25, 2011
    Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2011.254
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    To discriminate between arrhenotokous and thelytokous forms of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), we developed a simple molecular diagnostic method that uses PCR-RFLP of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Digestion of 490-bp COI amplicons with EcoO109I provided reproductive form-specific RFLP patterns. Using this method, we surveyed the frequencies of the two reproductive forms in 9 Welsh onion fields in Tottori Prefecture. Arrhenotoky dominated in the western area, although 100% of individuals were thelytokous in the eastern area. The COI haplotype of the arrhenotokous individuals was haplotype 1 or 2, which has not previously been found in Japan.
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Technical Note
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