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Volume 23 (1979)
- Issue 4 Pages 207-
- Issue 3 Pages 129-
- Issue 2 Pages 55-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 23, Issue 3
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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2. Fluctuation of Antibiosis with the Growing Stages of the Resistant Rice varietiesKen-ichi KISHINO, Yukio ANDO1979 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 129-133
Published: August 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe antibiosis of the resistant rice varieties was evaluated using the leaf blade testing method (KISHINO and ANDO, 1978) from the seedling period to maturity. The intensity of the antibiosis fluctuated with the growing stages of the rice plant. The response of the resistant varieties which was strong at the young seedling stage, decreased at the 5th-6th leaf stage but increased thereafter, although its degree varied with the varieties. The strongest response was observed approximately 20 days before heading time. The antibiosis of the whole plant was also tested by caging the insects with the entire tiller. The fluctuation in the antibiosis was similar to that observed with the leaf blade test. It was pointed out that non-preference and decrease in fecundity of insects feeding on the resistant rice varieties also tended to fluctuate with the growing stages of the plant.View full abstractDownload PDF (623K) -
Osamu IMURA1979 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 134-140
Published: August 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe possibilily of applying a modified Tullgren funel to the survey of insects of stored products in barley mills was studied. To shorten the extraction time and to improve the recovery rate, heat source (100w electric bulb) was brought close to the medium as time went on (the distance between heat source and medium surface was 26cm for the first 6hrs, 16cm for the next 2hrs, and 7cm for the last 2hrs). Eight species of insects of the stored products were extracted from 200g model medium (mixture of 100g wheat feed and 100g wheat flour). High recovery rate was obtained in late instar larvae of Ephestia kühniella, larvae and adults of Tribolium confusum and T. castaneum, and adults of Latheticus oryzae, Sitophilus oryzae, S. zeamais, and Rhyzopertha dominica, although the recovery rate in the 1st and 2nd instar larvae of E. kühniella and adults of Oryzaephilus surinamensis was rather low. From the recovery rate recorded and the number of insects extracted from the samples which were collected in a barley mill, the population size of insects in the samples was estimated. When the effect of insect density on the recovery was examined in the samples using T. castaneum adults, the recovery improved as the density increased. In mixed-species the recovery rates of larvae and adults of T. confusum and adults of O. surinamensis were significantly higher than those in single-species. The limitations of this apparatus for estimating the number of insects of stored products were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1311K) -
Takeo ISHIGURO, Minoru MIYASONO1979 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 141-150
Published: August 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this paper is to point out that the potency of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticide can be accurately evaluated by using the force-feeding method and that the toxicity depends on the ambient temperature. The insecticide, Bacilex®, prepared to achieve wide insecticidal spectrum and used in this experiments contained two varieties of Bacillus thuringiensis (var. aizawai and var. kurstaki). The force-feeding method which can be applied accurately with a micro applicator to 5th instar larvae of B. mori at the adequate dosage, enabled to evaluate quantitatively the potency of the insecticide and also, was more reliable and accurate than the poison diet method (method officially applied in Japan). Furthermore, mortality percentage increased gradually with the ambient temperature owing to the destruction of the mid-gut epithelium of B. mori caused by high temperature and/or long period of exposure. On the contrary, diet type or body weight of larvae did not affect the potency of the insecticide.View full abstractDownload PDF (2357K) -
Multiplication of a Densonucleosis Virus in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L., Reared at High TemperatureHitoshi WATANABE, Susumu MAEDA1979 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 151-155
Published: August 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of high temperature on the multiplication of a densonucleosis virus (DNV) in Bombyx mori was studied using the single radial immunodiffusion method for the virus titration. The multiplication of DNV was greatly reduced when the infected larvae reared at 25-28°C were transferred to an environment at the high temperature of 37°C. Autoradiographic results revealed that the synthesis of both viral DNA and protein was greatly reduced in the infected larvae maintained at 37°C. Fluorescent antibody studies also confirmed that the synthesis of DNV-antigen in the larva was inhibited at 37°C. These results indicated that high temperature (37°C) may reduce the activity of enzymes concerned with viral DNA and protein syntheses.View full abstractDownload PDF (1412K) -
IV. Life Tables for the 3rd and 4th Generations in an Insecticide-sprayed OrchardAzusa FUJIIE1979 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 156-161
Published: August 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLife table study was carried out in the 3rd and 4th, overwintered, generations of Bucculatrix pyrivorella in an insecticide-sprayed orchard. The mortality of the eggs, miners and pupae was remarkably low as compared with that of surface feeders in the 3rd generation. The survivorship curves in the egg and larval stages in the 4th generation were similar to those in the 3rd generation but the pupal mortality tended to be higher in the 4th generation than in the 3rd generation. The larval mortality was considered to be mostly due to insecticide application (mainly fenitrothion), and larvae were attacked by parasites and predators in low intensity. The mortality of overwintered pupae was mostly caused by predation by birds. The quantity of fenitrothion (MEP) deposited on pear leaves tended to decrease as seasons advanced.View full abstractDownload PDF (741K) -
Tetsuo ARAI, Masato MABUCHI1979 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 162-169
Published: August 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMoving activities (walking and flight) of male and female adults of Hyphantria cunea occurred 1 to 2.5hr after eclosion and again 0.5 to 2hr before sunrise under natural conditions of light at 24.5±1°C, approximately. Moving activities on the next day started about 0.5hr after sunset. The calling pose of females began during the twilight period and ended within 0.5hr after sunrise. The mating began about 0.5hr before sunrise. When females were exposed to light after eclosion, their movements were inhibited. Their movements were triggered by transfer to the natural (dark) conditions, when they had emerged more than 1hr before the transfer; if not, their movements were observed 1.5 to 2hr after adult eclosion. The calling pose began at around sunrise when females had been transferred from light to the natural (dark) conditions 6.5hr but not 2.5hr before sunrise. When females were continuously exposed to artificial dim light (lower than 1lux) after adult eclosion, the calling pose occurred at about 12hr after sunset. When they were first exposed to light (280-300lux) and then to dim light (<1lux), the calling pose was seen at about 12hr after the change in light intensity.View full abstractDownload PDF (774K) -
Ecological Study on the Occurrence of the Yellow-spotted Longicorn Beetle, Psacothea hilaris PASCOE.II. The Effect of Photoperiod on Larval and Pupal DevelopmentTakashi EMORI1979 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 170-172
Published: August 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of photoperiod on larval growth in Psacothea hilaris was investigated with newly hatched larvae derived from adults collected at Tsukui (Kanagawa), Ayabe (Kyoto), and Ozu (Ehime). The larvae from the three localities took more than 200 days to pupate and the pupal stage lasted less than 30 days in photoperiods of less than 13 hours at 25°C. Only one generation was therefore possible under these conditions. In photoperiods of more than 14 hours at 25°C, the larvae pupated within 100 to 150 days and adults emerged in less than 20 days later. Thus, two generations might be repeated in these cases. From these results, the critical photoperiod seemed to be between 13 to 14 hours. When the larvae that had been kept in short days for 6 months were transferred to long day conditions, all of them gave rise to adults within a month after the transfer. This suggests that the change in photoperiod exerts an inportant influence on the larval development.View full abstractDownload PDF (341K) -
Kenji KOYAMA, Jun MITSUHASHI1979 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 173-177
Published: August 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTrace metals indispensable for the growth of the nymphs were studied in Laodelphax striatellus. The nymphal duration and the survivorship were examined by rearing the planthopper on the MED-1 diets lacking one of the trace metals. Without iron, copper or zinc, the nymphs could not complete their development. Dietary deficiency of manganese or calcium did not prevent the planthoppers from completing nymphal development. The optimum concentrations of FeCl3⋅6H2O, CuCl2⋅2H2O and ZnCl2 for the nymphal growth were estimated at 1.1-71.3, 0.017-2.14 and 0.2-12.7mg per 100ml, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (502K) -
Takashi WADA1979 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 178-182
Published: August 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate some of the factors which may influence the number of instars, larvae of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, were reared at different temperatures on rice plant leaves at various growing stages. Three types of larvae were observed: those which reached the 5th instar, 6th instar, and occasionally 7th instar, respectively. At 17.5-30.0°C, most of the larvae developed to the 5th instar, while at 15.0°C, which is close to the threshold temperature of larval development, 38 percent of the larvae passed through 6 instars. Most of the larvae reared on the young leaves of the rice plant developed to the 5th instar. The apperance rate of the 6th instar larvae increased as the growing stage of the host plant advanced and 83 percent of the larvae developed to the 6th instar when they were reared on the rice plants at the ripening stage. The developmental periods of 5th and 6th instar larvae reared on leaves at the ripening stage were about 3 and 5 days longer respectively, compared with those of larvae reared on young leaves. In the case of the 5th instar type larvae, increase in the period of development occurred at each instar. The mean growth rate of the head capsule width of the 5th and 6th instar types was 1.45 and 1.36 respectively. The frequency distributions of the width of head capsules showed two peaks corresponding to the different instars mentioned above. From these results, it is thought that the frequency of the moulting of the larvae in the paddy fields is more affected by the growing stages of the rice plant than by the temperature, and that the thermal constant increases with the stage of the host plant.View full abstractDownload PDF (637K) -
Yasuhisa ENDO, Junko NISHIITSUTSUJI-UWO1979 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 183-185
Published: August 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
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Toshikazu YAMASHITA, Katsuo KANEHISA1979 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 186-188
Published: August 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (957K) -
Takaaki ITO, Chuji HIROSE1979 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 188-191
Published: August 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
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Masaki IBA1979 Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 191-193
Published: August 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1273K)
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