Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 1347-6068
Print ISSN : 0021-4914
ISSN-L : 0021-4914
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Volume 44, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
  • Discrimination of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and H. assulta (Guenée)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by PCR-RFLP Analysis, and Application to Surveying Occurrence of H. armigera in Tobacco Fields of Japan
    Yukio Orui, Haruo Matsuzawa, Yoshiaki Koike, Shin-ichi Yoshimatsu
    Subject area: Others
    2000 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 73-79
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2000.73
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    To discriminate Helicoverpa armigera and H. assulta, a 557 bp portion of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of the mitochondrial DNA was analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results of nucleotide sequencing of the amplified DNA products from the two species showed that they could be easily discriminated from each other by MseI- or VspI-digestion of the PCR products. In practice, 227 dried adult specimens of the two species that were identified morphologically in advance were correctly discriminated by the PCR-RFLP patterns with MseI or VspI. This method was applied to the larvae of Helicoverpa species feeding in tobacco fields. Analyses of PCR-RFLP patterns of individual larvae collected at 17 fields in Iwate, Yamagata, Fukushima, Tochigi, Okayama, and Okinawa prefectures, showed that H. armigera widely coexists with H. assulta. Intraspecific variation in the RFLP patterns was rarely detected.
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  • Effects of Pyriproxyfen, Insect Growth Regulator on Reproduction of Common Cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
    Masahiro Nomura, Tadashi Miyata
    Subject area: Others
    2000 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 81-88
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2000.81
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The effects of pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone mimic on the reproduction of the common cutworn, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) were examined. Topical application of 0.1 ng of pyriproxyfen to day-1 female pupae and 0.125 μg to day-0 6th stadium larvae reduced the total number of eggs oviposited and hatchability of oviposited eggs. The female adults to which 0.4 μg pyriproxyfen was applied at the day-0 6th stadium did not show any abnormalities in morphological characteristics, adult life span and mating ability with untreated males. However, the total number of eggs oviposited and hatchability of oviposited eggs were lower in treated females than untreated ones. Female adults treated with 0.3 ng of pyriproxyfen at the day-1 pupal stage showed wing abnormalities. Ovarian development was also inhibited and about 40% of female adults showed morphological ovarian abnormalities. Female adults with no morphological ovarian abnormality oviposited fewer than untreated female adults and the hatchability of oviposited eggs was lower.
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  • Seasonal Host Utilization of Mycophagous Ladybird Illeis koebelei (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera)
    Masatoshi Takeuchi, Yuki Sasaki, Chiaya Sato, Shiho Iwakuma, Aya Isoza ...
    Subject area: Others
    2000 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 89-94
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2000.89
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Seasonal use of powdery mildews by the mycophagous ladybird, Illeis koebelei, was observed in Setagaya. In the field, I. koebelei shows seasonal changes in host use and breeds regularly on Microsphaera pulchra var. pulchra that infests Benthamidia florida, Oidium sp., that infests Pyracantha coccinea in spring, Phyllactinia moricola that infests Morus australis, and Sphaerotheca cucurbitae that infests Trichosanthes kllirowii var. japonica in autumn. On these fungus species under laboratory conditions, larval development of the ladybird was completed (within 20 days at 24°C) with a high survival rate. Thus, the seasonal occurrence of I. koebelei may be synchronized with the abundance of essential fungi. This study showed that I. koebelei feeds on 11 species of powdery mildews, including Sphaerotheca, Podosphaera, Microsphaera, Phyllactinia and Oidium. However, no species of the Uncinula, Uncinuliella and Erysiphe genera were suitable food for the ladybird.
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  • Effect of Temperature on Developmental Period and Oviposition of Tea Rust Mite, Acaphylla theavagrans Kadono
    Takashi Mizuta
    Subject area: Others
    2000 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 95-99
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2000.95
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    The effect of temperature on the developmental period and oviposition of the Tea Rust Mite, Acaphylla theavagrans Kadono, was examined by rearing the mite on tea (Camellia sinensis). The developmental periods from egg to egg on mature tea leaves were 22.4, 16.5, 11.4, 9.3 and 7.7 days at 15°C, 18°C, 21°C, 24°C and 27°C, respectively. The developmental zero and total effective temperature for one generation were estimated to be 9.1°C and 137.2 day-degrees, respectively. Oviposition was observed at all tested temperature, and the number of eggs per female increased with increasing temperature. Adult longevity and pre-ovipositional period were shortened with increasing temperature. The fecundity zero, which was estimated by regression analysis on the average number of eggs per oviposited female per day at five different temperature was 8.7°C. The intrinsic rate of natural increase was higher at higher temperatures, and the values were 0.037 and 0.181 at 15°C and 27°C, respectively.
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  • Prediction of Long-Distance Migration of Rice Planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera to Northern Kyushu Using Numerical Weather Prediction Chart for Wind and Equivalent Potential Temperature at 850 hPa
    Shin-ichirou Syobu, Hatsuko Mikuriya
    Subject area: Others
    2000 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 101-112
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2000.101
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The massive immigration of rice planthoppers was forecasted based on the numerical weather prediction charts for wind and equivalent potential temperature at 850 hPa (850 hPa chart) provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency during the wet season in Japan. There was a good correlation between the occurrence of warm moist strong winds and immigration of rice planthoppers. An analysis of the 850 hPa chart could efficiently forecast rice planthopper immigrations into Kyushu in the wet seasons from 1996 to 1998. It was, therefore, concluded that this chart is more useful than the low-level jet stream data for investigating migration of rice planthoppers, because it gives not only information of wind but also temperature and humidity.
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  • Effect of Three Defatted Soybean Meals on Insecticidal Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Formulation
    Nobuhiro Matsumoto
    Subject area: Others
    2000 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 113-118
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2000.113
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) formulation for silkworms (Bombyx mori) is affected by the defatted soybean meal manufacturing and refinement. The LC50 of silkworms reared on artificial diets with SP2 and SP600 soybean meals (3.02 and 3.38 μg/g diet, respectively) was significantly higher than the LC50 of silkworms reared on artificial diets with STN meal (2.41 μg/g diet). STN soybean meal is an ordinary meal (Katakura Kogyo Co., Tokyo) used by ACIS (Agricultural Chemicals Inspection Station). SP2 and SP600 are products of another manufacture (Nissin Cosmo Food Co., Tokyo), but the refinement processes are different. SP600 contains more protein (68%) and less breakdown products (NSI>30%) than SP2 (53% protein, NSI<30%). Western blot analysis using a monoclonal antibody against Cry1Aa (a BT δ-toxin) showed Cry1Aa bindable proteins in the soybean meals. The band-intensity of each meal was different (STN<SP2<SP600). It is suggested that these proteins in the soybean meals bind to Cry1Aa competitively and inhibit the activity of the BT formulation used in these experiments.
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  • Rearing of Rice Leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée)(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), on Artificial Diets
    Hiroyuki Ohmura, Katsuo Tsuda, Hidemi Kamiwada, Kanetosi Kusigemati
    Subject area: Others
    2000 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages 119-123
    Published: 2000
    Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2002
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2000.119
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Larvae of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) were reared successfully on an artificial diet consisting of dried powders of rice leaves and INSECTA F-II (NIPPON NOSAN Co., Ltd.) at the ratio of 3:7. The larval period on this diet was 21.7 days at 25°C under 14L-10D. More than 80% of larvae developed into adults. Larvae were also reared successfully on a diet containing dried powder of paspalum or maize leaves.
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