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Volume 28 (1984)
- Issue 4 Pages 193-
- Issue 3 Pages 113-
- Issue 2 Pages 43-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 28, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Tamio INOKUCHI, Masae YAMADA, Kozo NAKAMURA1984 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 43-48
Published: May 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn apparatus adapted for urease determination using 14C-urea was tested with jack bean urease (Toyobo Co., Ltd.), and found to be time-saving, accurate and easy to operate, although it was preferable to use it in samples free from other sources of urea. The use of the apparatus enabled to demonstrate the existence of urease in the hemolymph of pupae reared on mulberry leaves, but not in those reared on an artificial diet. Also, it was found that the failure to detect urease in the hemolymph of the latter group was not caused by the presence of an inhibitor, but by the absence of the enzyme itself in these materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (679K) -
Masae YAMADA, Kozo NAKAMURA, Tamio INOKUCHI1984 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 49-56
Published: May 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUrease activities in the pupal hemolymph were compared in 15 silkworm varieties. In the pupae reared on mulberry leaves, urease activity ranged from 40 to 300mU/ml of hemolymph, while in those reared on an artificial diet no activity was detected in any varieties. Urease activities in the whole body of pupae reared on mulberry leaves ranged from 150 to 200mU per pupa during the pupal period. On the other hand, no activity was detected in the pupae from larvae fed on an artificial diet. In pupae reared on mulberry leaves, urease activities were detected in the alimentary canal, body wall, silk gland and fat body of larvae, alimentary canal of mature larvae at high levels, and further in the malpighian tubes and ovaries in addition to the organs where the activity was recorded in the pupal period. In the eggs laid by adults from larvae reared on mulberry leaves, urease activity was very high, while in those from larvae reared on an artificial diet the activity was hardly detectable. Subsequently, changes of urease activities in the hemolymph during the course of development from the 4th instar larva to adult emergence were compared between both diet groups. In the individuals reared on mulberry leaves, urease remained at a low level during the larval stages, a small increase of activity being observed in the moulting period for the last larval ecdysis. However, at the beginning of spinning, urease activity increased sharply and this high level was maintained in the pupal period and also in the adult. On the other hand, in the hemolymph from the individuals reared on an artificial diet, urease activity was hardly detected throughout the whole stages examined. When the artificial diet coated with jack bean urease was administered orally to the last instar larvae for only 2 days before spinning, urease activity was detected in the pupal hemolymph. Also a high activity of urease was observed in the pupae from silkworms fed on the artificial diet coated with mulberry leaf powder for 2 days. These results suggest that mulberry urease is absorbed through the silkworm intestine. Therefore, the accumulation of urea in the silkworms reared on an artificial diet can be attributed to the lack of urease in the diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (860K) -
Youko NOGUCHI1984 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 57-62
Published: May 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElectron microscopical observations were performed in Hyphantria cunea, Spodoptera litura, Orgyia thyellina and Bombyx mori, infected with a Hyphantria cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus (CPV). In the columnar cells of the midgut epithelium of the host insects that were infected and showed a mild form of the disease without death, a large number of capsid-like particles were observed in the internal part of the virogenic stroma. Particles were formed during the early stage of the virus multiplication. It was assumed that these capsid-like particles were formed as a result of the suppression of normal virus replication. The Hyphantria CPV multiplied in columnar cells, goblet cells and immature regenerative cells of the midgut epithelium, and further, in muscular cells, and tracheal cells attached to the midgut. These findings suggest that Hyphantria CPV shows a wide range of host tissue specificity.View full abstractDownload PDF (4306K) -
Juro KOYAMA, Kenji TANAKA1984 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 63-67
Published: May 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince the eradication of the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae COQUILLETT, on Kume Is. (6, 247ha), Okinawa, Japan, in 1977 the melon fly has been detected on 4 instances up to 1982, in spite of the release of sterile flies on Kume Is. (ca. 6×106 sterile pupae/month) and on the adjacent islets (total surface: 4, 764ha, ca. 6×106 sterile pupae/month) located between Kume Is. and Okinawa Is. where the fly population is high. Flies were detected from the autumn to winter and they were again eradicated until the next spring in increasing the number of sterile pupae released on Kume Is. by ca. 2×107/month. Analyses of data on trapping and host fruit inspection suggested that the appearance of these flies on Kume Is. was associated with the invasion of adult flies from the adjacent islets where the flies seemed to reach a high density level of population in summer. The decrease in the effective number of sterile adults on Kume Is. associated with the poor conditions of the pupae released was also held responsible for the reproduction of the flies. In the summer of 1982, the number of sterile pupae released on the adjacent islets increased by ca. 1.5×107/month and the method of release on Kume Is. was improved. As a result, no melon fly was detected on Kume Is. during 1982.View full abstractDownload PDF (591K) -
Yutaka KAWAGUCHI, Hiroshi FUJII1984 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 68-74
Published: May 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProtein synthesis in developing embryos of Bombyx mori was studied by means of microinjection experimens using tritium-labeled precursors and actinomycin D (AD). The incorporation of 3H-leucine into the acid-insoluble fraction was shown to be most active on the first day (stages 3-4) and during the fifth to ninth days (stages 6-20) after oviposition. In the diapausing egg the incorporation of 3H-leucine during stages 3 to 4 was not affected by AD, while the incorporation at the later stages was appreciably inhibited by AD. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography using 35S-methionine demonstrated the existence of stage-specific peptides which were synthesized at different phases of development. The present results suggest that the translational event in the early stages of embryogenesis depends on pre-existing maternal mRNAs, and at the later stages of the embryonic development it depends upon newly synthesized mRNAs.View full abstractDownload PDF (1776K) -
Kazuo NAKAMURA, Kenjiro KAWASAKI1984 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 75-81
Published: May 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe number of males of Spodoptera litura (F.) taking off to fly every 10min in the dusk followed approximately a normal distribution. However, the number of individuals taking off each minute varied considerably with the wind speed. The males began to fly, on the average, 26min after sunset and the mean time of take-off was 49min after sunset. The number of males caught in the pheromone traps every 10min in the dusk also followed a normal distribution. The first catches in the trap occurred at 32min after sunset and the mean catch time was 56min after sunset. The time of take-off and catches did not vary with the month and location where the experiments were conducted. The factors influencing the changes in these times with the days of the experiments could not be detected by multiple regression analysis, using variables related to wind and weather conditions and the pheromone sources for the trap as independent variables.View full abstractDownload PDF (831K) -
Hiroshi HONDA, Yoshiharu MATSUMOTO1984 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 82-86
Published: May 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOviposition responses of the fruit-feeding type of yellow peach moth was investigated with an artificial oviposition substrate devised by HONDA. Oviposition responses of gravid females were induced not only by the young-fruit odors of host-plants, peach, apple, pear, loquat, fig and chestnut but also by leaf-odors of non-host plants, Japanese white pine, cedar and spruce, which are the host-plant of the Pinaceae-feeding type of this species. However, the oviposition was reduced when these non-host plant leaves were given directly to the female. In dual choice-tests among the young fruit odors of these four host-plants, they always preferred the peach fruit odor to the other fruit odors. Oviposition responses were induced also by the leaf odors of host-plants, but less effective than the fruit odors. Female moths could distinguish exactly ripe peach from young green one, and stored codling from fresh one without contact. As a conclusion, host-plant odors play an important role in oviposition attraction of the fruit-feeding type of the yellow peach moth to host-plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (1233K) -
Tsutomu SAITO1984 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 87-89
Published: May 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn vitro evaluations indicated that the conidial germination and hyphal growth of Beauveria bassiana were strongly inhibited by the insecticides carbaryl and cyhexatin, and also the fungicides chlorothalonil and zineb. Acephate, methomyl, cartap, and copper hydroxide were least toxic to this fungus.View full abstractDownload PDF (414K) -
Sadao WAKAMURA, Shuji KOZAI1984 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 89-91
Published: May 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1160K) -
Sumio NAGASAWA, Tsutomu KANZAKI1984 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 91-94
Published: May 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1147K) -
Hiroaki NODA, Shigeyoshi TANAKA, Hiroshi HAMA1984 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 94-96
Published: May 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn August 1983, an outbreak of the armyworm (Pseudaletia separata WALKER) occurred in the rice fields of Kawamoto, Shimane. Almost all the leaves of rice plants were eaten by gregarious larvae. The heavy attack by themature larvae occurred nearly one month after flooding. Female immigrants appeared show active oviposrtion afterthe flood.View full abstractDownload PDF (1389K)
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