Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 1347-6068
Print ISSN : 0021-4914
ISSN-L : 0021-4914
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Volume 46, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Regular Papers
  • Seasonal Changes in Population Density and Species Composition of Orius spp. in Mulberry Fields
    Kazuki Kakimoto, Hideaki Inoue, Tatumi Yoshida
    Article type: Regular Paper
    Subject area: [not specified]
    2002 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 209-215
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2002.209
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Seasonal changes in population density and species composition of Orius spp., predacious natural enemies of thrips, and population density of Pseudodendrothrips mori were investigated in mulberry fields in 1999 and 2000. Orius spp. adults and nymphs occurred in mid May and late May and in late May and early June in 1999 and 2000, respectively. These first appearances were later than those of P. mori adults and larvae. The peak periods in population density of Orius spp. accorded with that of P. mori from June to September. Adults and nymphs of Orius spp. showed random distribution as individuals and contagious distribution as individuals per branch, respectively. Adults and larvae of P. mori showed contagious distribution as individuals and contagious distribution as colonies per leaf, respectively. O. sauteri, O. minutus and O. strigicollis were always found cohabitated in mulberry fields. The numbers of 2nd instar P. mori larvae consumed by three Orius species female adults and 5th and 3rd instar nymphs were about 33, 26 and 21 per day, respectively. From these results, it is suggested that these three Orius species are important natural enemies of P. mori in mulberry fields.
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  • Infestation and Oviposition of Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) on Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)
    Masatoshi Tsuchiya
    Article type: Regular Paper
    Subject area: [not specified]
    2002 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 217-224
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2002.217
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Infestation and oviposition of Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) on Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) were examined in an orchard and a greenhouse in Shizuoka Prefecture in 2000 and 2001. T. tabaci infested the flowers and fruit, but they did not infest the flower buds, young fruits, or leaves. In the orchard, the number of adults and larvae was greatest at the end of the blossoming season. Since no damage was observed on fruits at harvest time, control for the thrips was not considered necessary. In the greenhouse, infestation by adults and larvae was observed on fruits after opening the side window of the greenhouse. The number of thrips on fruits left on the trees increased through the harvest. A low survival rate of 15.7% was observed five days after artificial infestation of adult thrips to the young fruits (27–41 mm in diameter) in July. The thrips preferred orange colored rind for infestation and oviposition. Consequently, controlling the thrips in the greenhouse was considered necessary from the time the side window was opened to the end of the harvest.
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  • Paecilomyces cicadae Samson Isolated from Soil and Cicada, and Its Virulence to the Peach Fruit Moth, Carposina sasakii Matsumura
    Katsuhiko Yaginuma
    Article type: Regular Paper
    Subject area: [not specified]
    2002 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 225-231
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2002.225
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Four isolates of a Paecilomyces fungus producing large conidia were isolated from soil samples by a bait method using lepidopteran larvae and a selective medium for the isolation of entomopathogenic fungi. Five isolates of the genus Paecilomyces were isolated from nymphs of the cicada, Meimuna opalifera, collected in a forest in Ibaraki Prefecture. The morphological and cultural characteristics of these isolates coincided with isolates from soil samples. The fungus showed a fast growth rate on SDAY medium and colonies were initially white, changing to pale yellow when sporulating abundantly and turning yellow-brown with age. The reverse side of the colonies on SDAY medium turned reddish brown. Phialides were flask shaped with a narrow neck. Conidia were cylindrical, 7.1–12.9×1.8–3.6 μm and arranged in a chain. These isolates belong to the genus Paecilomyces and both were identified as Paecilomyces cicadae Samson. The isolates from soil samples and cicadae were highly pathogenic to larvae of the peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii, and closely resembled the synnemata on the larvae. These results suggest this fungus can be used as an agent for microbiological control of the peach fruit moth.
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  • Influence of Trap and Barrier Crops on Occurrence of and Damage by Stink Bugs and Lepidopterous Pod Borers in Soybean Fields
    Mh. Osakabe, Ken'ichiro Honda
    Article type: Regular Paper
    Subject area: [not specified]
    2002 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 233-241
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2002.233
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    To evaluate the effects of soybean trap crops and maize barrier crops on the occurrence of and damage caused by pentatomid bugs and lepidopterous pod borers in soybean fields, the suitability of early maturing cultivars of soybean (Glycine max) and dent maize (Zea mays ssp. dentata) to protect medium- and medium-late-maturing cultivars of soybean were investigated in 1999 and 2000. Five species of Pentatomidae, Riptortus clavatus, Piezodorus hybneri, Halyomorpha mista, Plautia stali, and Nezara antennata, were observed in the soybean fields during August and September. The population of N. antennata was very small in both years. The numbers of R. clavatus, P. hybneri, and H. mista were relatively constant in both years, but the numbers of P. stali differed between years. R. clavatus and P. hybneri did not aggregate on the trap crops. In August 1999, P. stali were crowded on the trap crops and subsequently moved to the field crops. There was no difference in the damage caused by pentatomids between the soybean blocks separated by the barrier crop, except the damage at the early developmental stage of seeds in 1999. These results suggest that neither trap crops nor barrier crops are effective in controlling pentatomids, though they may be suitable for monitoring P. stali. On the other hand, the barrier crops had an effect on the damage caused by lepidopterous pod borers in both years. Especially in 1999, the soybean crops surrounded by the barrier crop showed as little damage as crops that had been sprayed twice with an insecticide (fenvalerate+fenitrothion). This result indicates a usefulness of barrier crops for control of lepidopterous pod borers. However, the effectiveness of the barrier crops must be investigated further.
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  • Control of Kanzawa Spider Mite, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Tea by a Synthetic Pyrethroid Resistant Predatory Mite, Amblyseius womersleyi Schicha (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
    Masatoshi Mochizuki
    Article type: Regular Paper
    Subject area: [not specified]
    2002 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 243-251
    Published: 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: February 25, 2003
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2002.243
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The seasonal prevalence of Tetranychus kanzawai and synthetic pyrethroid (SP)-resistant Amblyseius womersleyi in tea fields under SP application was studied during the second tea season in 1994. The density of T. kanzawai peaked in mid-June and then declined. In response to this population change, the occurrence of A. womersleyi was also confirmed. Resistant A. womersleyi effectively suppressed mite damage to new leaves. In 34 plots of 40 assessed in the tested field, damage to new leaves in late June was lower than EIL (20%). Sucking pests Sirtothirips dorsalis and Empoasca onukii were suppressed better by SP than organophosphate insecticides. Simultaneous pest control by this pesticide resistant A. womersleyi and chemicals was also confirmed. A significant positive correlation was also detected between damage to new leaves at plucking and infestation of T. kanzawai when new buds sprouted. These results suggest that acaricide application harmless to A. womersleyi and the release of A. womersleyi or its integration effectively prevented damage on new tea leaves by T. kanzawai.
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