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Volume 32 (1988)
- Issue 4 Pages 245-
- Issue 3 Pages 169-
- Issue 2 Pages 97-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 32, Issue 1
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
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I. Development, Oviposition and Seasonal Prevalence in Kagawa Pref.Eiji MATSUMOTO1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between development and temperature in Recilia dorsalis was analyzed by laboratory experiments in applying the following equations; 1/Y=-0.1037+0.0076X (r=0.9820) for the egg stage, and 1/Y=-0.0736+0.0053X (r=0.9849) for the nymphal stage, where Y is the duration of the developmental period (days) and X is the temperature (°C). Developmental zero and effective accumulative temperature were then estimated at 13.7°C and 127.9°C for the egg stage and 14.0°C and 193.9°C for the nymphal stage, respectively. Developmental rate of the nymphal stage did not increase at temperatures exceeding 30°C. Daily number of eggs oviposited by a female increased day by day from 3 days until 10 days after emergence and reached a constant level, ca. 5 eggs/female/day, until 0-2 days before death. The mean pre-oviposition period was 4.5 days. Great variations were, however, observed in the number of eggs oviposited, namely mean fertility: 39.6 eggs/female, mean duration of oviposition: 11.8 days, and mean survival period: 14.7 days. On the basis of these data and daily record of temperature, R. dorsalis was estimated to undergo 4 generations in a year in Kagawa Pref.View full abstractDownload PDF (582K) -
Terumi IKAWA, Hidehiko OKABE1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 6-12
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA computer vision system driven by a robot was developed to enumerate and measure the size and number of eggs of a parasitic wasp, Apanteles glomeratus L., which were scattered on a slide. The procedure is as follows. 1) The eggs were stained with methylene blue, the area of interest was circled with a wide yellow boundary line to reduce unnecessary scanning and the slide was overload on a transparent film dotted with a regular array of red markers to define the measurement frame in each scene. 2) The eggs, the boundary area and the markers could be distinguished from each other by their color. Then, the number and the size of the eggs were measured, even considering the overlap of two or more eggs. 3) The stage was driven by the robot to scan all the frames within the boundary area and the results of the measurements were accumulated in the supervising microcomputer. The results of the experiment showed that the reproducibility and accuracy of this system were as good as those achieved by human observation. The ability of the system to scan, enumerate and measure all the particles scattered in a large area can be easily applied to various objectives in different disciplines.View full abstractDownload PDF (4145K) -
Soichi KOBAYASHI, Taizo KITAMURA, Masaharu MATSUI1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 13-19
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method for forecasting the time of occurrence of the overwintered adults of the rice water weevil at hibernation sites was analysed by the following experiments. Among the processes related to the emergence of the individuals (1) the cumulative percentage of adults which appeared on weeds in the net cages at several locations in Nagano Prefecture was examined. (2) the cumulative percentage of the adults which started to feed on rice seedlings was observed at constant temperatures. The climbing rate of the adults for feeding on rice seedlings in test tubes varied remarkably with the various temperature depending on the physiological stage of the plants. (3) The cumulative percentage of the adults in which the flight muscles had developed to more than 144μm (width) was determined by dissecting the adults. Among the processes related to the decrease of the population. (4) the cumulative percentage of dead adults was examined at 25°C. And (5) an equation related to the departure flight of the adults from the hibernation sites was used. Five logistic equations expressing the heat units and cumulative percentages of activities related to the processes of emergence and decrease of the population were obtained. The time of occurrence of the adults at the hibernation sites was estimated by using the above equations and calculating the climbing rate each day. The results showed that the simulated curves of the occurrence of the overwintered adults approximately coincided with the observed occurrence at groves in Ibaraki Prefecture.View full abstractDownload PDF (1018K) -
I. Changes in Larval Colouration and BehaviourKen-ichi KOJIMA, Shigemi YAGI, Hiroyuki YAMAMOTO1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 20-25
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHormonal control of larval colouration and behaviour in the common armyworm, Leucania separata, and L. loreyi associated with phase variation was analyzed. Extirpation of the suboesophageal ganglion (SG) reduced the intensity of the dark colouration in “gregarious” L. loreyi larvae. Implantation of SG from L. loreyi or L. separata larvae induced a dark colouration in the isolated abdomens of L. separata, whereas the implantation of SG from each of the 2 species induced only a slight darkening in L. loreyi. Dark colouration in L. separata “solitary” larvae was stimulated by the injection of the melanization and reddish colouration hormone (MRCH). However, the larvae did not show any active behaviour. The strain of L. separata lacking melanin which did not show any density-related darkening exhibited a more active behaviour depending on the population density. Implantation of SG from larvae lacking melanin induced a dark colouration in the isolated abdomens of normal larvae, but the effect on darkening was less pronounced than when SG from normal larvae was used. Moreover, neither SG from larvae lacking melanin nor from normal larvae induced an intensely dark colouration in the isolated abdomens of the larvae lacking melanin.View full abstractDownload PDF (3083K) -
Mitsumaru INAIZUMI, Shigeru TAKAHASHI1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 26-30
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn March and April of 1986 and 1987, studies were carried out on the position of Aphis gossypii GLOVER eggs laid on twigs of Hibiscus syriacus L., time of hatching, rate of successful hatching, duration of larval stage, and movement of the first instars. A random sample of 321 twigs measuring 40cm or more was cut from 4 H. syriacus plants maintained outdoors. A. gossypii eggs were detected on 46 twigs (14.3%). The number of eggs per twig averaged 3.2. The haching of the eggs showed a peak in early April in 1986, when normal winter temperatures prevailed. Hatching showed a peak in late March in 1987, when warmer than normal winter temperatures were recorded. The rate of successful hatching was 72% in 1986, and 83% in 1987. Because the fundatrix larval stage (total period of all instars) was 19.2 days, it was assumed that fundatrices normally grow into adults on about April 20 each year in Utsunomiya. Roughly 60% of the newly hatched fundatrix larvae did not immediately settle on buds, but wandered during 1-3 days before settling. Of these, more than half eventually settled on the first, second, or third bud from where they hatched.View full abstractDownload PDF (1710K) -
3. Physiological Response of Rice Plants to Infestation of PaniclesKunihiko NABA1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 31-36
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe green rice leafhoppers (GRL) feeding on panicles of rice plants inserted their stylets much more pregnantly on the rachis-branch and the rachis which represent the initial pathway of water and photosynthetic products than on the chaff and glume. The translocation of water and photosynthetic products to panicles was prevented by sap-sucking of GRL. The physiological response of rice plants injured by GRL differed depending on the pattern of ripening of the plants. In the early-maturing varieties, the yield was markedly reduced due to the delay of ripening. In contrast, even a severe infestation inflicted minimal yield losses in the medium-maturing varieties, due to the compensation of the loss of photosynthetic products subsequently. Therefore, the control threshold should be established for each rice variety in taking account of the physiological response of the variety to GRL's infestation in the ripening period.View full abstractDownload PDF (724K) -
Norizumi SHINKAJI, Kimiko OKABE, Hiroshi AMANO1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 37-42
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of Fusarium fungi (including F. oxysporum f. sp. allii and F. solani f. sp. radicicola) on the behavior of Rhizoglyphus robini CLAPARÈDE and Caloglyphus sp. war studied in the laboratory. Both mite species showed varying degrees of attraction to Fusarium-infected rakkyo plants. They were also attracted to a sample of PSA culture medium of both Fusarium species. Adult females of both mite species were strongly attracted to F.o.a., but only Caloglyphus females showed a preference for F.s.r. Active nymphs of R. robini were attracted to both fungi, unlike hypopi. In Caloglyphus sp., the immature forms showed a preference only for F.o.a. Attraction to shake-culture filtrates was observed by using R. robini, and the mites showed a strong preference for the filtrates of both fungus species. They were also attracted to the steam distillates of culture filtrates, as well as to the ether layer of the distillates.View full abstractDownload PDF (667K) -
XII. Blackfly Fauna in Toyama PrefectureKatsumi SAITO, Akihiro KANAYAMA1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 43-48
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fauna and distribution of blackflies were investigated by collecting immature stages of flies from streams in 44 localities in Toyama Prefecture in the summer of 1986. A total of 3, 464 larvae and 477 pupae belonging to one genus and 21 species, three of which were unknown, were collected at 38 sites. Eleven species, Simulium (Eusimulium) konoi, S. (E.) mie, S. (E.) sp. -Y., S. (Gomphostilbia) shogakii, S. (Odagmia) iwatense, S. (Gnus) bidentatum, S. (G.) daisense, S. (Simulium) kawamurae, S. (S.) nikkoense, S. (S.) tuberosum and S. (S.) sp. -S. were newly recorded from Toyama Prefecture. Predominant species was S. (S.) japonicum (51.4%) followed by S. (E.) uchidai (11.6%), S. (E.) sp. -H. (10.6%) and S. (S.) suzukii (8.6%). Species most widely distributed from the lowland areas to the highland were S. (S.) japonicum and S. (S.) suzukii.View full abstractDownload PDF (594K) -
Kiyomitsu ITO1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 49-54
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges of the number of adults which entered a “shelter” set in a rearing cage were investigated to determine the effects of feeding and temperature after adult moult on the hiding-behaviour of diapausing Cletus punctiger in hibernacula. The number of adults which entered the shelter (abbr. NAES) was compared among five treatments; no feeding, 10 day, 20 day, 30 day feeding, and continuous feeding after adult moult. Under a 12L-12D regime and at the constant temperature of 25°C, NAES increased soon after the food was removed when adults fed for more than 10 days, though the increase was not remarkable when adults fed for more than 20 days. NAES in the continuous feeding treatment gradually increased at about 20 days after adult moult. Under a 12L-12D and alternating temperature (25°C in photophase, 10°C in scotophase regime), NAES increased soon after the food was removed when the adults fed for more than 20 days. NAES in the continuous feeding treatment gradually increased at about 40 days after adult moult. In the 20 and 30 day feeding and continuous feeding treatments under alternating temperature conditions, the percentage of adults which entered the shelter was higher than that under constant 25°C conditions. To compare the behaviour of the diapausing adults, the non-diapausing adults were tested under a 16L-8D and alternating temperature regime. NAES was very low in each treatment compared with that of the diapausing adults. Based on these results, the hiding-behaviour of diapausing adults in hibernacula was considered to be triggered by the reduction of food supply, including withering of food plants, after a given period of feeding. The temperature conditions also appeared to influence the behaviour.View full abstractDownload PDF (2054K) -
Norizumi SHINKAJI, Kimiko OKABE, Hiroshi AMANO, Yasumasa KUWAHARA1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 55-59
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAttractants in culture filtrates of Fusarium oxysporum allii for Rhizoglyphus robini were isolated and identified by chemical analysis and bioassay under laboratory conditions. Culture filtrates were steam-distilled and the distillates, after saturation with NaCl, were extracted with ether. Mites were attracted to these ether extracts. GC-MS analysis showed that the extracts mainly consisted of ethanol, n-propanol, iso-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, iso-pentanol and 2-phenylethanol. All except the last two compounds showed various degrees of attractiveness individually. Mites were further attracted to the mixture of these four alcohols in the ratio corresponding to that of the natural composition, whereas mixture in equal parts resulted in a loss of the attractiveness. Iso-pentanol and 2-phenylethanol did not attract mites and the latter further inhibited the attractiveness to ethanol when mixed together.View full abstractDownload PDF (491K) -
Hajimu TAKADA1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 60-62
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Japan tobacco plants generally harbour red forms of Myzus persicae (SULZER) with yellow and green forms being occasionally recorded. Breeding trials were carried out to examine the association between the hypothetic gene(s) conferring resistance to tobacco and the gene for body color. Two crosses (I and II) between red clones belonging to the “tobacco form” (female)×yellow clones of the “non-tobacco form” (male) yielded 68 healthy F1 clones, of which 49 were red (cross I: 22, II: 27) and 19 yellow or green (cross I: 0; II: 19). Survival rates on the 10th day of nymphs, that were transferred from radish to tobacco plants immediately after birth, in 21 F1 clones examined (12-84%) were distributed between those of the parent clones (cross I: “tobacco form” 90% and “non-tobacco form” 0%; II: 98% and 6%, respectively). The survival rates of nymphs of 2 green F1 clones examined (52% and 74%) were comparable to those of 2 green clones originally collected from tobacco plants cultivated on Miyako-jima and Ishigaki-jima, Ryûkyû (44% and 64%, respectively). These results indicate that the gene(s) for resistance to tobacco is not closely linked to the red gene and that the inheritance of resistance to tobacco may depend on a polygenic system.View full abstractDownload PDF (386K) -
Kiyomitsu ITO1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 63-67
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConditions for diapause termination in the adults of Cletus punctiger were investigated by transferring the adults overwintering in a field cage to a room at 25°C, under a 16L-8D regime (long daylength=inducing rapid ovarian development) or a 12L-12D regime (short daylength=inducing adult diapause) at various times. When the females were transferred to the long daylength conditions, the pre-oviposition period lasted about 80 days in September, October or November and about 60 days in December, January and February. In March and later months the pre-oviposition period was gradually shortened and lasted 24 days in May, being comparable to the pre-oviposition period of the non-diapausing females. When females were transferred to the short daylength conditions in March or April, most of them did not lay any eggs. Females at this time of the year were considered to be still sensitive to the short daylength. The critical daylength for diapause termination in February and March was 13 to 13.5h. These results suggest that the adults would require not only a high temperature but also a long daylength for diapause termination even after the winter.View full abstractDownload PDF (613K) -
Kyoko IWANAGA, Sumio TOJO1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 68-74
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUnder identical rearing conditions, the individuals of the Hiroshima strain, the females of which were predominantly brachypterous within a broad range of nymphal density, showed a shorter nymphal period, but emerged to adults with a similar weight and shorter relative fore-wing length against head width, compared with the individuals of the Nagasaki-I strain, the females of which exhibited higher ratios of macropterous forms with increasing nymphal density. Both strains exposed to different combinations of photoperiod (10 and 16h) and temperature (20 and 25°C) showed similar responses in their developmental pattern: a short day-length slightly prolonged the nymphal period. Detailed studies on the Hiroshima strain showed the presence of a photo-sensitive period during the adult and egg stages, but the induction of a diapause-like prolongation of a specific stage could not be achieved regardless of the conditions to which they were exposed. The females of the Hiroshima strain were totally brachypterous when reared on rice plants before the heading period, but they partly exhibited macropterous forms on older plants, indicating that even highly stable populations like those of the Hiroshima strain could migrate as macropterous forms when fed on rice plants near the ripening stage. From these results, it was suggested that the considerable variations in the nymphal density and wing-form relationships in N. lugens collected in Japan were not caused by differences in the sensitivity to photoperiod, but were due to the difference in the migratory sources.View full abstractDownload PDF (909K) -
IV. Control Activities in Orchards and GardensRyoh-ichi OHGUSHI1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 75-77
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (436K) -
Seasonal Changes in the Number of Potato Tuber Moth Males Captured in a Sex Pheromone Trap in NagoyaTomohiro ONO1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 77-79
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in the number of the potato tuber moth males, Phthorimaea operculella, captured in a sex pheromone trap during more than 2 years were analysed. Males were captured in the summer season and also in midwinter. Determination of the number of males caught in the sex pheromone trap was considered to enable to monitor the population density in the field. Factors controlling male catches were also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (389K) -
Soichi KOBAYASHI, Manji IDE, Osamu HIGASHI1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 79-82
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe overwintering of the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzopilus, was observed at Kaida-mura, Nagano Prefecture, which is located at an elevation of about 1, 150 meters above the sea level in 1982. Most of the adults overwintered in shallow soil under the ground which was covered with snow. The adults were able to overwinter even in the frozen soil. Although the minimum temperature at that location was -19°C from January till March, the minimum temperature on the ground covered with snow remained at about -2°C. It appeared that low temperature at a high elevation in winter does not prevent the weevil from overwintering.View full abstractDownload PDF (549K) -
Tomonari WATANABE, Hiroshi SEINO, Chikayoshi KITAMURA, Yoshio HIRAI1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 82-85
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA computer program was developed to localize accurately low-level jet streams related to the long-distance migration of the planthoppers and to predict the time of their immigration to Japan. The program outputs the contour map of the wind speed, and mesh map of the wind direction and speed. Weather data used in this program included the wind direction and speed on the 850mb weather chart received by radio facsimile recorder from 74 meteorological stations.View full abstractDownload PDF (539K) -
Kenichi KANDA1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 85-87
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (365K) -
Hitoshi TSUTSUI, Kenpei HONMA1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 87-88
Published: February 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (252K) -
1988 Volume 32 Issue 1 Pages 94
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (83K)
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