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Volume 33 (1989)
- Issue 4 Pages 175-
- Issue 3 Pages 115-
- Issue 2 Pages 47-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 33, Issue 2
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Susumu SHIMIZU, Masato KATOU, Tsuguo MATSUMOTO, Kazuhiko KURISU1989 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 47-50
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConditions for isolation and culture of protoplasts from Paecilomyces fumosoroseus were studied. A high yield of protoplasts from young mycelia of P. fumosoroseus was obtained by treatment with Driselase. Potassium chloride and sodium chloride were more effective than mannitol, sorbitol, glucose, and magnesium sulfate as osmotic stabilizers for the preparation of protoplasts. More than 20% of the protoplasts were without a nucleus, 50-70% contained a single nucleus, and other protoplasts contained two or more nuclei. Glucose and sodium chloride were effective stabilizers for reversion of protoplasts, while no stabilizing effect was observed from mannitol and sorbitol. The colonies on agar medium containing glucose as osmotic stabilizer grew rapidly, but not sodium chloride was used.View full abstractDownload PDF (493K) -
Kazuhiko HACHIYA1989 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 51-56
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of artificial leaf cutting on the growth and yield rice plants to were analyzed under field conditions in Hokkaido, the northernmost area of rice culture. As in past surveys, suppression of plant height, retardation of growth and decrease in the numbers of culms and ears were observed. Our study also produced three sets of evidence; (1) Yield loss was considered to be caused mainly by the decrease in the number of ears among the yield components. (2) Compensatory responses in rice growth, such as increases in the percentages of productive tillers and ripening grains, and in the 1, 000-grain weight, were observed. However, such responses seemed to be minimal in cold years. (3) Loss of the entireties of the upper two leaves of each culm through insect injury was estimated to cause inevitable yield loss even in warm climate conditions. The loss of half the area of those leaves seemed to cause yield loss even in ordinary climate conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (777K) -
Jun KATAYAMA, Koji SANO1989 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 57-62
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe injurious effect of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura, on red bean plants was studied through the use of artificial defoliation. As the defoliation rate increased, the number of pods and the weight of grains decreased, especially in the end of the defoliation cycle. At earlier phases of defoliation compensatory leaf areas were relatively large. Average leaf areas of red bean plants consumed by S. litura were 203.9cm2, of which 82% was fed by final instar larvae. Based on relationships between the defoliation area and the yield index of red bean plants, the number of final instar larvae which caused 5% loss of yield (Tolerable injury level), was estimated to be approximately 2per plant. Care should be taken against cutworm damage in the first half of September. After dispersal, larvae directly injure flowers at full flowering stages, as well as infesting pods in the beginning of growth.View full abstractDownload PDF (657K) -
2. Artificial Induction of Large Eggs by Application of Large Amounts of 20-hydroxyecdysoneYutaka KAWAGUCHI, Yutaka BANNO, Hiroshi DOIRA, Hiroshi FUJII1989 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 63-68
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInjection of large amounts of 20-hydroxyecdysone into normal female pupae of Bombyx mori altered egg production. Large eggs were produced in addition to normal eggs. 1) These eggs were as large and heavy as Ge mutant eggs. 2) Yolk protein contents in these large eggs had almost the same values as those of Ge eggs. However, there is no qualitative difference in the protein patterns of 20-hydroxyecdysone induced large eggs and normal eggs. 3) Large eggs were induced by injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone at doses of more than 50μg. 4) Induction of large eggs was achieved at the expense of the total number of eggs, similarly to the case of Ge mutants. 5) Distribution of the enlarged eggs in a ovariole was not at random, but clustered in definite regions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1766K) -
II. The Role of Juvenile Hormone in Cuticular Melanization in the Larvae of Leucania separata and Leucania loreyiKen-ichi KOJIMA, Shigemi YAGI1989 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 69-75
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe role of juvenile hormone in cuticular melanization and phase variation in the last instar larvae of the common armyworm species Leucania separata and L. loreyi was investigated. In the gregarious larvae of L. separata, allatectomy-cardiacectomy performed 24-31hr before last larval ecdysis reduced melanization by extirpation. Application of JHA (ZR515) restored melanization in the allatectomized-cardiacectomized larvae. The isolated abdomens to which suboesophageal ganglion (SG) had been previously implanted showed more intense darkening with the JHA application than the control without JHA. However, JHA itself did not induce restoration of melanization in the abdomens without SG implantation. In the gregarious larvae of L. loreyi, similar results were observed after allatectomy-cardiacectomy and JHA application. However, in L. loreyi, application of JHA at higher dosages reduced the intensity of the dark colouration, especially in the head capsule. Moreover, JHA prevented melanization in L. loreyi which received implanted SG from L. separata.View full abstractDownload PDF (959K) -
I. Estimation of Population Densities of Three Scale Insects on Citrus Trees Using the Infestation Grade MethodTakao ITIOKA, Tamiji INOUE1989 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 76-81
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDensities of adult female populations of three scale insects-Unaspis yanonensis (KUWANA), Ceroplastes ceriferus (FABRICIUS) and C. rubens MASKELL-were estimated using an infestation grade method in a citrus orchard in Wakayama Prefecture in November. All the trees in the orchard were divided into four grades of scale species' abundance. Adequacy of our grading was examined on mean densities that were estimated with KUNO's (1976) method of two-stage sequential sampling. It was shown that female adults of U. yanonensis inhabited both leaves and twigs, whereas those of C. ceriferus and C. rubens were confined mainly to twigs. The *m-m relations for their distribution per leaf sample (U. yanonensis) or twig sample (C. ceriferus and C. rubens) matched the model of contagiously distributed colonies. Analysis of variance showed that the mean densities were significantly different (p<0.05) among the different infestation grades in all the species, suggesting the effectiveness of our method for estimating scale insect populations.View full abstractDownload PDF (717K) -
Jun'ichi KANEKO, Kouichi KITA, Kouzou TANNO1989 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 82-91
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe supercooling point in diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, pupae collected from cabbage field was about -20°C. When this sample was reared on germinating radish seeds (Raphanus sativus L. var. acanthiformis MAKINO) at 25±1°C under 9L-15D conditions, high supercooling points (-5 to -12°C) were observed in some individuals. The incidence of individuals with high supercooling points grew higher after being cooled at 5°C for 5 days (pre-cooling). Changes of water and trehalose weight in pupae were slight during pre-cooling. Supercooling points of haemolymph and fat body of pupae did not change before and after pre-cooling, always maintaining low temperatures (about -20°C). When the pre-cooled pupae which showed high supercooling points at the first measurement were heated in 80-90°C water for 5 minutes, the supercooling point was invariably lower at the second measurement. Various size and type of bacteria were detected in the gut of the radish seed-reared pupae. No pupae obtained from aseptic rearing on germinating radish seeds showed high supercooling points, even after pre-cooling. These results suggest that there may be ice nucleating bacteria within the gut of diamondback moth pupae reared on germinating radish seeds.View full abstractDownload PDF (1193K) -
Susumu SHIMIZU, Masato KATOU, Tsuguo MATSUMOTO, Kazuhiko KURISU1989 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 92-94
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (941K) -
Takahisa MIYATAKE, Osamu IWAHASHI, Yoshinori HIBINO1989 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 94-96
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOviposition behavior in non-irradiated and irradiated melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae COQUILLETT, was studiedunder laboratory conditions. A few irradiated female melon flies inserted their ovipositors into slices of host fruits (melon and watermelon) and artificial oviposition devices. The quantity and frequency of ovipositional “acts” for irradiated flies was much lower than that of the non-irradiated ones. “Number” indicates the quantity of females which engaged in oviposition behavior per 1, 000 females per 15min. “Frequency” indicates the total number of acts in varying behavioral modes per 1, 000 females per 15min.View full abstractDownload PDF (436K) -
Ryoiti KISIMOTO, Kosei KUWABARA, Michiru YASUHARA1989 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 96-98
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffective radius of the tow net used for the collection of migrating insects on the East China Sea was measured at various wind speeds generated by a wind tunnel. A linear equation Y=69.4+1.22X was obtained in which Y indicates the collecting efficiency (%) transformed from the effective radius and X the wind speed (m/s) in a range of wind speeds of 4.9m/s to 13.1m/s. Aerial densities per 103m3 of the whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera HORVÁTH, the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens STÅL and the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus FALLÉN, were estimated based on surveys conducted in 1977, 1979 and 1980 on the East China Sea.View full abstractDownload PDF (956K) -
Akira TANAHARA, Shigemoto KIRIHARA1989 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 99-101
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo establish the method for transportation of sterilized adults of the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae COQUILLETT, recovery speed of adult flies anesthetized by chilling and various gases were investigated. Adult flies anesthetized by chilling recovered in a short time after transfer to normal temperatures, regardless of duration chilling period. A much longer time was needed for recovery from anesthetization with CO2 and N2, depending on the period of exposure. The flight ability of adults anesthetized with CO2 gas was retarded more severely than that of adults which were anesthetized with N2 gas or chilled.View full abstractDownload PDF (401K) -
Toshio MASUDA, Masataka MAEDA1989 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 101-104
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (559K) -
Kazuhiko HACHIYA, Yasuyosi AKIYAMA1989 Volume 33 Issue 2 Pages 104-105
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (279K)
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