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Volume 20 (1976)
- Issue 4 Pages 173-
- Issue 3 Pages 125-
- Issue 2 Pages 51-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 20, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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II. A Comparison of the Feeding Habits of the Green Rice Leafhoppers in Different Developmental StagesAtsushi Naito1976 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 51-54
Published: June 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe feeding habits of the green rice leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps UHLER in each developmental stages from 1st instar larva to adult were compared histologically with the salivary sheaths or feeding tracks remained in the tissues of the test plant, sorgham leaf. The basic type of their feeding habits did not change through all stages, but some differences were found. A few salivary sheaths of a 1st instar larva terminated in the large vascular bundles. This seems to be related with the length of the stylets. In all larval stages more salivary sheaths terminated in the xylem tissue than in the phloem tissue. It may have some relation with their nutritional requirement in the growing stages. The frequency of plagging in the conducting phloem and xylem tissues with the sheath materials increased according to the developmental stages of the larva.View full abstractDownload PDF (1076K) -
Nobutake HABU1976 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 55-60
Published: June 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pine moth, D. spectabilis, has usually an univoltine life cycle in the northern part of Japan, but in the southern part of Japan it has a complex life cycle; the adults emerge once or twice a year alternatively. Overwintering larvae of the pine moth were collected from six localities between 32°49′N and 30°42′N in Japan, to compare the geographic variation of their overwintering stages and their subsequent development. The larvae in the southern localities overwintered at older stages than those in the northern localities. The head widths of the formers were larger and varied wider than those of the latters. After hibernation the formers moulted one to four times before pupation, while the latters moulted four times. The median time of adult emergence after hibernation was shorter in the northern population and the adults emerged within one month. However, some adults of the southern population began to emerge earlier and continue for a long period of months. The larval development, when they were reared under 25°C and 16-hr L, was faster, but the size of larvae as well as the weight of pupae were smaller in the northern population than in the southern.View full abstractDownload PDF (745K) -
I. Abnormality of Metamorphosis with the Virus InfectionKoichi ISHIKAWA, Masakuni MUROGA1976 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 61-68
Published: June 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of CIV infection was tested on the last instar larvae of rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis WALKER and greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L. The larvae of these insects were easily infected by the injection of CIV. The abnormality of metamorphosis was observed in the infected larvae: supernumerary larvae or larval-pupal intermediates in various grades were obtained depending on the progress of the inoculation periods as in the case of juvenile hormone treatment. Some of Galleria larvae treated at the late stage of the last instar developed into second pupae after an extra pupal ecdysis. When the penultimate instar Galleria larvae were infected with CIV, they ecdysed to the last instar larvae, which survived more than two months without any sign of the pupal ecdysis. The inoculated pupae did not display any abnormality of metamorphosis, though they showed iridescence in their various tissues. The inoculation at a high concentration of CIV inactivated by either UV-irradiation or heat-treatment induced neither appearance of iridescence nor the abnormality of metamorphosis of Galleria larvae.View full abstractDownload PDF (2197K) -
Tetsuo ARAI1976 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 69-76
Published: June 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen the pupae of oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis, were exposed to thermoperiod (25:20°C), there was a conspicuous peak of adult emergence at around the time of temperature rise. When they were exposed to photoperiod, the emergence mainly occurred at the time of light-on at 25°C, but somewhat later at 20°C. When the pupae were transferred to constant conditions after having experienced daily thermoperiods, the emergence rhythm persisted at 25°C or 20°C, but not at 15°C. The rhythm of emergence entrained by a photoperiod persisted in either continuous light or darkness. When the pupae were transferred from continuous darkness to continuous light at 25°C, the time of emergence was determined by a single stimulus of light-on, but the reversed treatment was not effective in synchronizing the emergence of adult. When the phase of thermo-period or photoperiod was shifted, the distribution of emergence showed various patterns according to the degree and the time of the phase shift. In non-24-hr cycles of thermoperiod, the emergence was synchronized with thermoperiod if the cycle length was close to 24hr. In a 48- or 72-hr cycle the emergence peak occurred, also, at about 24-hr intervals. When a thermoperiod and a photoperiod were combined in various phase relationships, the emergence occurred invariably within 2hr after the temperature rise regardless of the phase of the light-dark cycle.View full abstractDownload PDF (1131K) -
Hiroki MURAMOTO, Eiichiro SOUDA, Chisato HIRANO1976 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 77-80
Published: June 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA semi-quantitative laboratory bioassay method was devised for the female sex pheromone of Brachmia macroscopa. The bioassay was carried out with male moths, 5 each in a 200-ml Erlenmeyer flask, at 25°C in the light. They were kept under continuous illumination for 3 days after emergence, subsequently in the dark for 6hr, then again in the light for 30 to 60min. The number of males rapidly walking or running with wing-fanning within the first 1min after the introduction of a test sample applied on a square filter paper (1.5×1.5cm) was used as a measure of response. Mean male response was 70% to the pheromone at the concentration of 0.1 female equivalent and about 50% at the 0.01 female equivalent.View full abstractDownload PDF (429K) -
Yoshio TAMAKI, Toshiro OSAWA, Takeshi YUSHIMA, Hiroshi NOGUCHI1976 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 81-86
Published: June 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSecretions of the virgin females of Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were collected by a “filter-paper-absorption method”. Alcohol moieties of the volatile esters recovered from the filter paper were composed of 10 normal saturared alcohols (C8-C18), (Z, E)-9, 11-tetradecadienol (A), (Z, E)-9, 12-tetradecadienol (B), (Z)-9-tetradecenol (C), (E)-11-tetradecenol (D), and an unidentified tetradecadienol. Of these, A, B, C, and D were confirmed to be secreted by the females as acetates. Field tests of the four unsaturated acetates revealed that a mixture of the acetates of compound A and B (Litlure) was most potent as a male attractant. No synergistic effects were recognized by addition of C- and D-acetates to Litlure; and the monounsaturates could not substitute either component of Litlure. Addition of about 50% C-acetate apparently inhibited the attractant activity of Litlure. Thus, we conclude that the monounsaturated alcohol acetates are not the components of the attractant pheromone of Spodoptera litura (F.).View full abstractDownload PDF (709K) -
Shigeo MURAKOSHI, Akira ISOGAI, Ching-Fun CHANG, Toshiya KAMIKADO, Aki ...1976 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 87-91
Published: June 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo active components were isolated from the fresh leaves of avocado (Persea americana MILL) which showed growth-inhibitory action on the silkworm larvae (Bombyx mori L.) by oral administration. One active component (Ia) was identified as dimethylsciadinonate and the other (IIa) as 1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-heneicosa-12, 15-diene, which was a new compound hetherto unknown. When an artificial diet containing Ia at 200ppm was fed to the larvae, their growth was inhibited and three-moulters were induced. Sciadin (Ib) and sciadinone (Ic), the related compounds to Ia, revealed the similar activity and the order of activity was Ic>Ia>Ib. IIa gave vomiting and growth-inhibitory effects to the 4th instar larvae at a dose of 200ppm in 2 days. The tetrahydro derivative (IIb) derived from IIa showed the same activity, but the furan derivative (IIc) did not.View full abstractDownload PDF (649K) -
Kazuyuki TANAKA, Toshiyuki KAWAKAMI, Hiroshi TAKEDA1976 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 92-100
Published: June 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the eri-silkmoth, the sex pheromone production and its secretion show the daily periodicity. The fine structure of the alluring gland was examined with an electron microscope in relation to this phenomenon. The surface of the gland cells is covered with the cuticle with many processes. The pore canals exist in the cuticle. In the pore canals of the endocuticle, the arborescent microtubules with the dense substance, is observed clearly. In the upper end of the gland cells indicat the sinuatoconvex. In this sinus parts, the inosculated microvilli are developed, and this convex are connected to the basal parts of the pore canals. Besides, the basal part cell membrane shows the infolding. The nucleus has an extremely irregular contour surface. The mitochondria in the upper part, the golgi vesicle and the cytoplasmic microtubules are especially developed in the gland cells. The tops of the cytoplasmic microtubules are assembled to the convex parts of the upper end of the gland cells. We consider that the cytoplasmic microtubules are in connection with the microtubules (in the pore canals) or the pore canals. In the cytoplasma, the lipid droplets and micro dense granules exist at night, but most of these matrices disappeare in the day light. Therefore, we think that the sex pheromone or its carrier is produced with these substances.View full abstractDownload PDF (6317K) -
Shun-ichi NAKAO, Ryoh-ichi OHGUSHI1976 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 101-109
Published: June 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe ecological investigation was carried out on the predaceous Coleoptera in various citrus orchards in the collective pest-controlled area, Chiziwa-machi, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, and the following results were obtained. In either controlled or uncontrolled citrus orchards, the population densities of Pseudoscymnus hareya, Hyperaspis japonica, Stethorus japonicus, Scymnus rectus, Scymnus ishidai and Telsimia nigra were relatively high. Only in the controlled orchard, Pseudoscymnus hareja and Stethorus japonicus were found comparatively in large numbers. Comparison of the predator density between the controlled and uncontrolled orchards revealed that the density in the former was much lower than that in the latter, being as low as only about 1/10. In the controlled area, the larger number of species and a little higher predator density were found in the adult tree orchards (tree age above 10 years) whereas in the young tree orchards (tree age below 10 years) the predators of the scale insects were not found at all but only the predators of aphids and citrus red mites. Thus, there was a difinite relation between the predator and pest densities. The predator density was low immediately after the spray of pesticides, and showed a gradual increase with the lapse of days. Comparison of the number of all insects other than the major pests between the controlled and uncontrolled orchards showed that relatively large numbers of both Coleoptera and Hymenoptera were found in the uncontrolled orchards.View full abstractDownload PDF (1150K) -
Tatsuo KOSHIHARA, Hideo YAMADA1976 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 110-114
Published: June 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simple technique for mass-rearing of the diamond-back moth was deviced using the seedlings of rape, Brassica napus, germinated densely in plastic vessels (dia. 9.5cm×5.5cm) with tops having a screen hole. Eggs were laid on the germinating rape seeds by moths released for 2 or 3 days just after the germination. The larvae were allowed to feed on cotyledons and stems of the seedlings soon after the germination. When 3 pairs of the moths were released in each vessel containing the seedlings germinated from 7g of seeds by adding ca. 4ml of water, most of the larvae completed their development and about 100 pupae were obtained in 15 days after releasing the moth at 25°C. The density of about 100 larvae per vessel seemed appropriate showing the good pupation of higher than 90%. The larval duration, the pupal body weight, and the fecundity of resultant moths were also as good as those of the populations fed on the cabbage leaves. The larvae could be reared without changing the seedlings. A folded filter paper was inserted onto the seedlings in each vessel as a pupation site, so that the pupae could be gathered easily. Rearing of successive generations on the rape seedlings could be accomplished. This rearing method is well suited for the continuous mass production of the diamond-back moth in the laboratory.View full abstractDownload PDF (1311K) -
III. Reproductive CapacityHideo UEMATSU1976 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 115-119
Published: June 25, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe matured ovarian eggs of Marietta carnesi were not found in the newly emerged adults, although some eggs, usually less than 10, matured soon after emergence. Marietta carnesi is a synovigenic species having polyootene ovarioles which were defined by FLANDERS (1950). The adults continued oviposition for about 30 days; 2 to 6 eggs per day were deposited by a female during this period. Fifty percent of the cummulative oviposition rate were attained in 12 days after emergence. The correlation coefficients between the size or life-span of the adults and the fecundity were r=0.7305 and 0.7810 respectively. The survival rates of progeny which were born from the young or large mothers were higher than those from the old or small ones. When the net reproduction rate (R0), the mean length of a generation (T) and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) of Marietta carnesi were culculated in the insectary conditioned with 25°C, 60% RH and 14-hr light, they were 36.004, 32 days and 0.112 per head per day, respectively. In September, when it was seemingly the most favourable season for increasing the number, R0 was estimated as 6.4 in the field of Miyazaki. This figure was only about 17.8 percent of that in the laboratory.View full abstractDownload PDF (1167K)
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