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Volume 25 (1981)
- Issue 4 Pages 213-
- Issue 3 Pages 141-
- Issue 2 Pages 63-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 25, Issue 2
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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II. Relationship Between the Colony Size and Mortality Rate or Cause of the Death in Eggs and LarvaeHiroshi NAKAMURA1981 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 63-70
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe survival rate and the mortality causes of Neodiprion sertifer were investigated from the egg stage to the fourth instar at two census areas (Campus Forest B and Ohshiba), Nagano Prefecture in 1976 and 1977. High mortality due to the predation of spiders occurred in the first-instar larvae at Campus Forest B, where the population density was comparatively low. In contrast, many larvae in the third instar died of the disease at Ohshiba, where outbreaks of N. sertifer had frequently occurred since 1975. The rate of hatchability of eggs at Ohshiba was 10% lower than that at Campus Forest B, but there was no significant relationship between the size of the egg clusters and the rate of hatchability. The mortality of the first instar larvae became higher with the decrease in the size of the colony at both census areas in 1976. At Ohshiba in 1976, the mortality due to the disease occurred in earlier stages in the small colonies than in the large ones, and all larvae of the colonies with less than 50 individuals died of the disease in the third instar stage. It was revealed by key-factor analysis that predation by spiders in the group in the first instar at Campus Forest B and the disease in the group in the third instar at Ohshiba were the main factors which gave rise to a difference in the mortality rate among the colonies, although these factors changed with the increase in the size of the colonies.View full abstractDownload PDF (955K) -
Toshihiko ISHII, Kazuo NAKAMURA, Kenjiro KAWASAKI, Hisashi NEMOTO, Ken ...1981 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 71-76
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdult males of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) which had been marked were released at several points located at various distances from a pheromone trap. Two kinds of lure sources were used in the traps: i.e., virgin females and the synthetic sex pheromone consisting of a mixture of 0.05mg of (Z)-11 hexadecenal with 0.05mg of (Z)-11 hexadecenyl acetate and 0.001mg of (Z)-11 hexadecenol, which impregnated a rubber dispenser. The captures in the trap from each release point were analyzed using a simulation model for the male orientation process to the pheromone source. As a result, the maximum distance downwind of the active space was estimated at 0.6-0.9m, and this value did not differ between the two kinds of attractants. The ratio of males captured in the trap to those entering the active space (attraction rate of the trap) was estimated by comparing experimental and simulation results. Attraction rate which was less than 30% increased with the increase in wind velocity.
In another experiment, males were placed at several points located of various distances from the pheromone source and the number of males taking off and flying upwind was counted 5 min after their release. These behaviours were induced significantly at high rate for a distance of 1-2m downwind from the pheromone source. It is considered that this distance coincides with the active space of the pheromone estimated by means of the release-recapture of males.View full abstractDownload PDF (733K) -
Atsushi SUGIMOTO1981 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 77-83
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments in rearing of green rice leafhopper were mostly carried out in the laboratory under artificial illumination by using cages whose design has been described in a previous paper. The insects grew well in the laboratory when nymphs and adult insects were fed very young seedlings renewed at approximately 7-day intervals. The best results were obtained with seedlings at the stage when the tip of the first leaf was just emerging. Nutritive quality of the seedlings was found to rapidly decrease when the interval after seeding increased. Under such conditions of feeding, 15-20 newly emerged adults could be produced by a female when oviposition lasted 2 days. Though the weight and fecundity of newly emerged females somewhat decreased with the increase of population density, maximum production of newly emerged adults under the rearing conditions mentioned above amounted to nearly 4, 000 individuals per cage.View full abstractDownload PDF (833K) -
Kazuhiro MATSUDA1981 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 84-88
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStimulative activity of nutrient chemicals including 9 sugars, 22 amino acids, 11 vitamins, 2 sterols, 3 lipids and 6 salts on the feeding was investigated in the Polygonaceae-feeding chrysomelid beetle, Gastrophysa atrocyanea MOTSHULSKY. Four sugars (sucrose, D-glucose, D-fructose and i-inositol), 2 amino acids (L-aspartic acid and L-lysine) and 3 vitamins (niacine, p-aminobenzoic acid and ascorbic acid) were found to enhance the feeding activity. Of these feeding stimulants, D-glucose, D-fructose, L-aspartic acid, L-lysine and ascorbic acid which are present in the host plants seemed to be particularly active in the feeding on host plants of this insect. Feeding response to compounds with acid taste such as L-aspartic acid, niacine, p-aminobenzoic acid and ascorbic acid suggested that the organic acids with identical taste present in polygonaceous plants play a significant role in the host selection of this insect.View full abstractDownload PDF (572K) -
Yoshinori HIBINO1981 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 89-93
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSForaging behavior of Polistes jadwigae DALLA TORRE was observed by tracing the movement of individuals marked from late May to early August, 1979. The mean foraging distance of queens was 39.4 meters and foraging areas tended to overlap among queens belonging to different colonies. The mean foraging distance of workers was 48.2 meters and foraging areas also overlapped among workers belonging to the same colony. Foraging territory among colonies or segregation of foraging areas among members of the same colony was not observed. When a wasp had caught a large prey, she tended to visit the previous hunting place in the next trip for searching for a new prey. Such a behavior was not observed when she caught a small prey. The time required for the queens to identify a prey tended to be shorter than that for the workers. This difference seems to be related to the need for defending the colony from predators like ants or for preventing inter-colonial cannibalism which was observed in the founding stage, or to the need for resources such as water. Results obtained were compared with those recorded in Polistes chinensis antennalis.View full abstractDownload PDF (612K) -
Formation of a Chlorophyllide-a-Midgut Protein ComplexYuko UCHIDA, Keizo HAYASHIYA1981 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 94-100
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe biliprotein RFP which was present in the digestive juice of the silkworm larvae, was biosynthesized in vitro by mixing and incubating the two components. One of the components was chlorophyllide-a (Ch-a) and the other was a midgut protein (MP) which was extracted and purified from the midgut of the silkworm larvae. This biosynthesis system involved sequential reactions. The first reaction consisted of the formation of a bond between Ch-a and MP and the formation of a Ch-a-MP complex. This reaction did not require either oxygen or light. In the second reaction the porphyrin ring of this complex was cloven and converted into a bilepigment, and then RFP was biosynthesized. This reaction required both oxygen and light. Therefore, it was assumed that the bond was photooxidized to a chromophore of RFP.View full abstractDownload PDF (731K) -
Satoshi KONO, Tetsuo SAITO, Tadashi MIYATA1981 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 101-107
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDicofol-susceptible and resistant strains of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, were treated with 3H-dicofol. The resistant strain appeared to have a higher ability to metabolize dicofol to water soluble metabolites than the susceptible strain. No significant difference in cuticle permeability between susceptible and resistant strains was found. It is suggested that the difference in dicofol metabolism is one of the factors responsible for dicofol resistance. Two dicofol metabolites were detected; one was a chloroform extractable metabolite which behaved like 4, 4'-dichlorobenzohydrol or benzohydrol by thin-layer chromatography, and the other was a water soluble metabolite. The metabolic pathway of dicofol seems to be as follows: dicofol→chloroform extractable metabolite→water soluble metabolite.View full abstractDownload PDF (1333K) -
Effect of Photoperiodic Change for Induction of Larval DiapauseKen-ichirô HONDA, Kisaku AKUTSU, Shigeru ARAI1981 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 108-112
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMature larvae of A. luxuriosa entered diapause under both long (14L:10D) and short (8L:16D) photoperiods. When the photoperiod was changed from a short day to a long day on certain days between the 5th and the 55th day after egg-hatching, diapause was not induced and adult emergence took place remarkably earlier than in the case of constant photoperiod. The period from egg-hatch-ing to adult emergence was shortest when the photoperiod was changed on the 10th or the 30th day after egg-hatching. When the photoperiod was changed on the 55th day, the rate of emergence was highest and emergence took place practically at the same time. When the photoperiod was changed from long day to short day on the 40th day after egg-hatching, the duration of the diapause was longer than under constant photoperiod and most of the larvae did not pupate until the 350th day after egg-hatching. The change in day length and its trend were considered to be more effective in the induction of diapause than the photoperiod itself.View full abstractDownload PDF (585K) -
Tetsuo GOTOH, Norizumi SHINKAJI1981 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 113-118
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCritical photoperiod and geographical variation of diapause induction in the two-spotted spider mite collected from various districts of Japan were analysed with reference to susceptibility to malathion.
Under various light regimes, the diapause rate of the Sapporo population increased with decrease in temperature, although under the 13.5L-10.5D regime, no diapause was observed even at 15°C. Critical photoperiods at 15°C for the various populations were 12hr 50min for the Sapporo and Morioka, 12hr for the Fukushima and 9hr 40min for the Ichikawa population. The Fukuoka and Kagoshima populations did not diapause under the experimental conditions. When the mites from Sapporo, Fukushima and Ichikawa were reared on the field in Matsudo District, the diapausing females appeared from eggs laid at the beginning of October when the observation was started. However, in the Kagoshima population, no diapausing females appeared even as late as at the beginning of November. LC50 values obtained from the experiment on the mite populations susceptible to malathion were 44, 250, 148, 218, 683 and 161ppm for the Sapporo, Morioka, Fukushima, Ichikawa, Fukuoka and Kagoshima populations, respectively. No distinct relationship was noted between the diapause and the susceptibility to organophosphorus insecticide.View full abstractDownload PDF (758K) -
Yoshio MIYAHARA1981 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 119-121
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (392K) -
Masato TAMURA1981 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 121-123
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (362K) -
Kenpei HONMA, Yasuyoshi AKIYAMA1981 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 123-125
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (982K) -
Kenji KOYAMA1981 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 125-126
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (230K) -
Masaaki YUKINARI1981 Volume 25 Issue 2 Pages 127-129
Published: May 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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