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Volume 14 (1970)
- Issue 4 Pages 173-
- Issue 3 Pages 117-
- Issue 2 Pages 49-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 14, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Kimihiko SATO, Masana SUWANAI, Isao HATANAKA1970 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 49-56
Published: June 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of CO2 and N2 gas on the insecticide penetration and transport in the adults of adzuki bean weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis L., was examined. The insects were dipped into an aqueous solution of various concentrations of insecticide, and then the solution remained on the surface of the insect body was removed. These insects were treated with saturated CO2 and N2 gas in incubated glass tube for one to sixteen hours respectively, and transferred into petri dishes. In the meantime, the insects recovered from narcosis, moved violently and at last died. The results varied depending on concentration of the insecticides and the exposed periods to each gas, and the higher the concentration of insecticide was, the less the moving activity and the shorter the survival periods were. The gas treatment also showed the same tendency.View full abstractDownload PDF (763K) -
Jûrô KOYAMA1970 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 57-63
Published: June 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe outbreak of the armyworm was studied based on the records from 1941 to 1968 throughout Japan as well as the records from 1957 to 1968 in Akita Prefecture. The place where the worms broke out appeared to be a comparatively limited area. This limitation in an outbreak of the worms was not always related to the distribution of suitable food plants for the worms. Although the places of the outbreak varied depending on years, generations in a year, and emergence period of the year, the outbreak of the worms tended to converge in a generation or an emergence period throughout Japan as well as in Akita Prefecture. When the whole country of Japan was divided into six districts of Hokkaidô-Tôhoku, Kantô, Chûbu, Kinki, Chûgoku-Shikoku, and Kyûshû, the outbreaks showed a tendency to occur simultaneously in the comparatively wide area of several districts in some years and in the restricted district in other years. The seasonal trends of the outbreak differed among each of districts, but generally speaking, there appeared some similarity between districts such as Hokkaidô-Tôhoku and Kantô, Chûbu and Kinki, and Chûgoku-Shikoku and Kyûshû.View full abstractDownload PDF (848K) -
Kimito FURUTA1970 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 64-70
Published: June 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, a regulatory process for population density of the camphor leaf miner population in a camphor tree crown is analyzed. 1. Larval mortalities increased with a rise in the number of eggs deposited per leaf. This density dependent process is caused mostly by carnivalism and plays an important role in population regulation. 2. In low densities, the distribution pattern of eggs deposited per leaf is underdispersed, and in high densities, it is overdispersed. Thus, the distribution pattern of this insect larvae promotes the regulatory process. 3. Full grwon larvae make cocoons beneath the underside of a leaf. When a cocoon is made beneath the leaf that is already occupied by larvae of the same species, the leaf and cocoon gets blown away by wind before any emergency can occur. At high densities, the rate of cocoon that gets blown away is increased, and the mortality of pupae also increases. 4. With increasing adult density, the number of eggs deposited per adult decreases and the total number of hatched larvae increases to some extent and an equilibrium level is generally maintained. 5. Thus, when one of these density dependencies operates in some developmental stage, the population density could be regulated.View full abstractDownload PDF (759K) -
Syunro UTIDA1970 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 71-78
Published: June 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was observed by UTIDA (1954) and CASWELL (1960) that the percentage of emergence of the flight form decreased gradually from generation to generation in the breeding population of southern cow pea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus. In the present study, this secular trend of decrease in the percentage of the flight form was demonstrated experimentally in both cases where the population started from the non-flight form or the flight form. The percentage took rather higher values at the initial five generations and after that it decreased and kept to a low level. After continuing the breeding in the experimental condition for over two years, the percentage droped to 0 to 2. A genetical factor ought to be considered for the explanation of the results obtained, though the flight form is induced phenotypically by the influence of the some environmental factors such as high temperature, low content of water in the larval food, larval crowding, and so on. Waddington's theory of genetical assimilation (1953) and the natural selection seem to be pertinent to elucidate the present finding. It can be assumed that the results obtained in the present experiment is an example of the evolving process of the young species which have adapted to environments of stored beans or cereals that have recently been turned out by man.View full abstractDownload PDF (893K) -
Kenichiro YAMADA, Takashi TOKUMITSU, Eishiro SHIKATA1970 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 79-84
Published: June 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEmbryonic tissues of the smaller brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus FALLÉN were cultivated for over 100 days in vitro. When the basic medium (Mitsuhashi's NCM-4A) was supplemented with the haemolymph of Philosamia cynthia PRYERI, active cell migration and mitoses were observed. Tissues either with or without trypsinization attached themselves well to the glass surface of culture vessels. In the trypsinized tissue cells migrated more actively than in the tissue without trypsinization. They continued growing to form epithelial cell sheets. Mitoses was observed in those cell sheets. There were many hollow spherical vesicles on the explant and the vesicles continued to swell up. In the embryonic tissue culture of L. striatellus, one type of fibroblast like cells, two types of wandering cells and three types of epithelial-like cells were observed. By the subculture of the original explants, including the growing tissues and the hollow spherical vesicles, similar vesicles were formed again on the explants, and active growing cells migrated from the original explants. However no cell growth was obtained from the separated cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (2759K) -
II. The Distribution of Wood Mice according to Different Types of the ForestsShoei OTSU1970 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 85-88
Published: June 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe investigation was carried out in forests of altitudes ranging from 550 to 600 meters on the eastern side of Mt. Shiratake (in Yamagata Prefecture) of which the highest peak is 992 meters above sea level. The forests selected are composed of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora SIEB. et ZUCC.), Japanese ceder (Cryptomeria japonica D. DON.), Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis GORD.) and broad leaved deciduous trees. Two types of forests were selected, namely young forests and older forests, the former about 3-8 years old while the latter 20-50 years old. The collection of voles was made at 8 different pre-selected spots in each forest by means of snap traps with sweet potato as the bait. The results obtained are as follows. Microtus montebelli was plentiful in the sunny places of young forests composed of Japanese red pine, Japanese ceder, Japanese larch and broad leaved deciduous trees. However, it was not found in the older Japanese larch forests or in the broad leaved deciduous tree forests. In general more individuals were collected in the young forests than in the older ones. Clethrionomys andersoni were frequently found in the moist grounds of the older forests of Japanese ceder, Japanese larch and broad leaved deciduous trees. Generally, larger number of individuals were collected in younger forests than in the older ones. None was caught in forests composed of Japanese red pine. Apodemus speciosus was very common as in all other forests in Yamagata Prefecture. However, no close relation seems to exist between the habitat of this vole and the forest types concerning tree kind and tree age. A. speciosus were very frequently found in the forest of Japanese larch forests. They were also found in broad leaved deciduous tree forests where M. montebelli was rare. Apodemus geisha were collected more in the young than in the older of Japanese red pine, Japanese ceder and Japanese larch forests. Only this species was more frequent in the older forests than in the younger ones of broad leaved deciduous trees. None was caught in older forests of Japanese red pine.View full abstractDownload PDF (499K) -
Kenpei HONMA1970 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 89-94
Published: June 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe smaller tea tortrix, Adoxophyes orana FISCHER VON RÖSLERSTAMM, is polyphagous, and about 56 species of 31 families have been known as its host plants in Japan. A lot of specimens of this moth, reared from apple, pear, tea and Japanese spindle tree, (Euonymus japonica), have been examined and it is concluded that these specimens could be divided into two forms, which morphologically differ from each other as follows: 1. Apple form. (The specimens on which this form is based have been reared from apple and pear.) Adult: Fore wing light orange-brown with chestnutbrown markings; costal patch obsolate. Pupa: Clypeus with three pairs of setae. Larva: Mandible with a well-developed retinaculum. 2. Tea form. (The specimens on which this form is based have been reared from tea and Japanese spindle tree.) Adult: Fore wing pale yellow with dark brown markings; costal patch distinct. Pupa: Clypeus with two pairs of setae. Larva: Mandible with a poorly developed retinaculum.View full abstractDownload PDF (2221K) -
Kinji USHIYAMA1970 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 95-100
Published: June 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe citrus nematode and its development and multiplication on seedling roots of trifoliate orange, Citrus junos, and C. natsudaidai were studied. The largest number of nematode larvae and adult females was counted on the roots of C. natsudaidai followed by C. junos, and the smallest number was counted on the roots of trifoliate orange. From these results, it is considered that the trifoliate orange is not so resistant nor tolerant to citrus nematodes as reported so far from U.S.A., but appears to be somewhat unfavourable for nematode multiplication compared with the other two citrus species employed in this experiment. Between 20-26°C of soil temperature at 5cm deep, the egg-laying of the nematode takes place within 5-6 weeks on C. natsudaidai and C. junos, and somewhat later on trifoliate orange. Since the optimum temperature for the multiplication of this nematode appears to be at a range of 20-33°C under the condition of volcanic ash soil in Kanagawa Prefecture, it is considered that the period during which this nematode can multiply in the field is from late April to the end of September in this area.View full abstractDownload PDF (1882K) -
I. Effects of Nitrogen-deficiency of Host Plant on Insect FeedingKazushige SOGAWA1970 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 101-106
Published: June 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFeeding preference, honeydew excretion and probing behaviors of the female adults of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (STÅL), on N-deficient and normal rice plants were comparatively studied. The results showed that the N-deficient plants were less preferred for feeding than the normal ones; and also less honeydew excretion by the insects on the N-deficient plants suggested that the insects did less feeding on those plants. Concerning this it is considered that the chemical nature of the N-deficient plants' sap, such as lower concentration of amino nitrogen, appear to adversely affect the insect's feeding, because there was no evidence indicating that the insect's mechanism in locating their feeding sites, the vascular bundles, was disrupted in the N-deficient plants. It was also assumed that poor fecundity of the planthoppers on N-deficient host plants could be due rather to a failure of the insects to take up enough amounts of plant sap than poor nutritive value of the ingested plant sap.View full abstractDownload PDF (2484K) -
Kazushige SOGAWA1970 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 107
Published: June 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (618K) -
Kazuo TAKAGI1970 Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 108-110
Published: June 25, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (399K)
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