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Volume 35 (1991)
- Issue 4 Pages 269-
- Issue 3 Pages 181-
- Issue 2 Pages 103-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 35, Issue 1
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Seiji KANEKO, Masaoki INO, Takuma NIIKURA1991 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: February 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEvent recorders have been used to monitor insect movements. Disadvantages in using event recorders include: (1) mechanical failure, (2) requirement of labor to cut and arrange individual records and (3) lack of ability to make simultaneous quantitative analysis. We have developed a new system for data acquisition and processing for insect movements using personal computers. The signal sent from 16 actographs (more can be added if necessary) were counted by counter IC's andfed into a personal computer (PC9801 VM2, NEC) via a parallel I/O port. These counts were stored in floppy disks and output online into a monitor TV, a printer, and a X-Y plotter. Actograms were thus drawn and written automatically. By using another personal computer, a variety of data processing is possible. The above-mentioned system proved to be more efficient than that of the event recorders in terms of reliability and convenience. It can save data for long periods of time if the floppy disks are renewed often, and makes various data processing possible.View full abstractDownload PDF (663K) -
Jun'ichi KANEKO, Kouichi KITA, Kouzou TANNO1991 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 7-11
Published: February 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree isolates of ice nucleation active (INA) bacteria were obtained from diamondback moth pupae. Relative concentration of INA bacteria in papal bodies was low. Ice nucleation activity of 3 isolates was observed only when pre-cooled at 5°C for 1 to 7 days. This result coincides with the fact that the number of individuals with high SCP increased when pre-cooled at 5°C for 5 days. Characteristics of the 3 INA isolates were as follows: a light yellow, translucent, circular and glossy surface colony was formed with motile, oxidase activity positive, gram negative, rod shaped bacteria. The bacteria were presumed to be an Erwinia species.View full abstractDownload PDF (687K) -
Shigeru MATSUOKA, Kazuo NAKAMURA1991 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 13-22
Published: February 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSoybean cotyledons were artificially removed to simulate the damage taken by the rufous turtle dove, Streptopelia orientalis (LATHAM), and the yield of soybean was estimated from the results obtained here and the data on intensity of soybean damage caused by doves obtained another experiment. The more the number of cotyledon cutting and the sooner the timing of cutting, the severer the effect on growth. In the early growth stage of plant there were significant differences in measurements between the control and damaged soybeans, but there were minor or no differences in the later stage. The value for the number of branches, nodes, and leaves of damaged soybean recovered relatively in the early stage, but those of stem length and plant weight did later. In the variety of early ripening the harvest sometimes became before the recovery completion of growth. There were major effects of removed cotyledons on the crop of the early-ripening variety and minor or no on later-ripening variety. The yields of soybean (variety Enrei) were estimated to be 26% to that of the control if plants were damaged heavily at the stage of just after the germination, 53% at cotyledon spreading, 73% at just after cotyledon spread, 99% at primary leaf spreading and 99% at just after primary leaf spread. Therefore we need to avoid the damage due to doves from the time just after sowing to primary leaf spreading.View full abstractDownload PDF (1078K) -
I. Route of Invasion into the Greenhouse and Seasonal Population DynamicsKazunao KURIYAMA, Norizumi SHINKAJI, Hiroshi AMANO1991 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 23-29
Published: February 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe route of invasion of potted hydrangea in the greenhouse and seasonality of occurrence were investigated for Scirtothrips dorsalis HOOD in Saitama and Chiba prefectures to clarify seasonal dynamics. The most important factor contributing to initial invasion seemed to be the practice of bringing plant seedlings into the greenhouse in late December. Hibernating thrips were carried in with the seedlings. The majority of these thrips inhabited terminal buds as adults, prepupae, pupae and fullgrown larvae. Thrips were also observed in flower buds of cyclamen that had been cultivated before the potted hydrangea was introduced into the greenhouse. These individuals may become another source of occurrence in the greenhouse if density becomes high. Aerial immigration of thrips from outside during the cultivation period, on the other hand, seemed to be less important. Accordingly, the control of thrips on the seedlings brought into the greenhouse is the most important practice for avoiding hydrangea injury in the green house. Thrips passed two generations in the greenhouse prior to the shipment of plants. The sex ratio (% female) fluctuated between 0.67 and 1.0 during the season. Individuals brought into the green house with seedlings were predominantly females, but more males were found in the next generation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1326K) -
III. Comparative Neutralization of Nonoccluded and Occluded Virus of Nuclear Polyhedrosis VirusesKatsuo TSUDA, Eiichi MIZUKI, Takeshi KAWARABATA, Keio AIZAWA1991 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 31-37
Published: February 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNonoccluded viruses (NOVs) derived from different cells and occluded virus (OV) of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs) were compared serologically with cross-neutralization tests. In plaque reduction methods, anti-NOV serum against Xestia c-nigrum NPV T-3 derived from Spodoptera frugiperda cells neutralized NOV of X. c-nigrum NPV T-3 and both NOVs of Bombyx mori NPV K-4 derived from S.P.C. Bm 36 cells and B. mori hemolymph. Anti-NOV serum against B. mori NPV K-4 derived from S.P.C. Bm 36 cells neutralized both NOVs of X. c-nigrum NPV T-3 derived from S. frugiperda cells and S.P.C. Bm 36 cells and both NOVs of B. mori NPV K-4 derived from cell cultures and hemolymph. Anti-NOV serum against B. mori NPV derived from hemolymph neutralized both NOVs of B. mori NPV K-4 derived from hemolymph and cell cultures and NOV of X. c-nigrum NPV T-3 derived from S. frugiperda cells. These NOVs derived from different cells were neutralized by either homologous and heterologous combination of anti-NOV sera. The results revealed that NOVs of these NPVs were antigenically closely related. While anti-OV serum against B. mori NPV specially neutralized only homologous virus and anti-NOV serum of X. c-nigrum NPV T-3 was ineffective for the neutralization of OV of B. mori NPV. However, both anti-NOV sera against B. mori NPV derived from cell cultures and hemolymph neutralized OV of B. mori NPV slightly. The results revealed that NOV of X. c-nigrum NPV and OV ofB. mori NPV were antigenically different, however, NOVs of B. mori NPV share a common antigen for infection of OV to cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (915K) -
I. Viability of the Insect under Low TemperaturesHiroichi MATSUURA, Atsushi NAITO, Atsushi KIKUCHI1991 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 39-44
Published: February 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSViability of S. litura under non-freezing low temperatures was studied in laboratory conditions. The longevity order of this insect exposed to alternating low temperatures of 0-5°C and 12-15°C was: pupae>larvae>adults>eggs. The pupae and the larvae survived for more than 3 months, but the pupae were not able to develop into normal moths. When the pupae were exposed to 10 and 12°C for 60 days, only 15% and 25% of them developed into moths, respectively, and all moths were deformed and incapable of mating or laying fertile eggs. Viability of this insect under low temperatures is highest in the young and middle larval stages. There was no significant acclimating effect on survival of larvae under low temperatures.View full abstractDownload PDF (1979K) -
II. The Lower Lethal TemperatureHiroichi MATSUURA, Atsushi NAITO1991 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 45-48
Published: February 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCold-hardiness of S. litura larvae and pupae surviving in the late autumn or in the early winter was examined. The mean supercooling point of the larvae was about -8°C. However, -5°C was a critical point for the larvae: the percentage of larvae frozen to death by exposure to -5°C for 12hr, 24hr and 48hr were 0, 24 and 100 respectively. All larvae were susceptible to freezing and died soon. No dead larvae were observed when subjected to 0°C even for 48hr. Supercooling points of pupae were at around -9°C, for one group and at around -16°C, for another group. The former was younger pupae; the latter was older ones. Over 80% of pupae did not freeze when subjected to -5°C for 48hr, but died while being reared at under 20°C. When the larvae were placed into wet conditions such as moist soil, freezing occurred at a higher temperature level than the mean supercooling point. This was due to ice inoculation.View full abstractDownload PDF (521K) -
Kouichi INOUE, Wataru ASHIHARA, Masahiro OSAKABE, Tetsuzo HAMAMURA1991 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 49-56
Published: February 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe predator fauna on windbreaks composed of longleaf podocarpe (Podocarpus macrophyllus D. DON.) and sugi (Cryptomeria japonica (L. fil.) D. DON.) around satsuma mandarine (Citrus sulcata hort. ex TANAKA) groves was investigated at Akitsu, Hiroshima Prefecture over a six year period from 1978 to 1983. The fauna of predaceous mites was also studied on various windbreaks around the citrus groves in western Japan. In longleaf podocarpe, eight species of Coccinellidae; Coccinella septempunctata LINNAEUS, Harmonia axyridis (PALLAS), Propylea japonica (THUNBERG), Scymnus posticalis SICARD, Menochilus sexmaculatus (FABRICIUS), Hyperaspis japonica (CROTCH), Telsimia nigra (WEISE), Chilocorus kuwanae SILVESTRI, and Cybocephalus nipponicus ENDRODY-YOUNGA, two species of Staphylinidae; Oligota kashmirica benefica NAOMI and O. yasumatsui KISTNER, Chrysopa sp., three species of Phytoseiidae; Amblyseius eharai AMITAI et SWIRSKI, A. longispinosus (EVANS), A. sp., Agistemus terminalis (QUAYLE), Anystis sp. and some spiders are found. In sugi, three species of Coccinellidae (T. nigra, C. kuwanae, and Stethorus japonicus H. KAMIYA) and two species of Phytoseiidae (A. longispinosus and A. sp.) were found, but the numbers of these species were fewer than those found in longleaf podocarpe. In other families, there was no difference between the windbreaks. The population density of A. terminalis in both trees was the highest with a ratio of 60-70% in total populations. The density of spiders was the next highest. In longleaf podocarpe, the ratio of population densities of A. eharai and A. longispinosus was about 5% in total populations. The ratio of Coccinellidae was about 3%. In sugi, the ratio of population densities of the two species of Staphylinidae was 6%. The fauna of predaceous mites on various windbreaks was different among different species of trees. Variance of predaceous mites was especially high on longleaf podocarpe, A. eharai and A. terminalis were the dominant species.View full abstractDownload PDF (849K) -
Yoshihiko ABE, Kenji KOYAMA1991 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 57-63
Published: February 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEmbryonic development of Haplogonatopus atratus in the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus progressed as follows. Superficial cleavage started within 24hr after oviposition. A pair of lobes, probably organs for intake of nutrition to the embryo, was formed on the anterior end of the egg within 48hr. The lobes elongated toward the host intestine. The digestive tract of the parasite differentiated after the lobe formation. The embryo protruded out as a larval sac 8 days after oviposition. Thereafter the embryo exuviated and reached larval stage. The oviposition of H. atratus was also observed on L. striatellus killed by wasp predation. H. atratus attacked and digested the whitebacked rice planthopper, Sogatella longifurcifera, but no oviposition was observed. Both the predation and the oviposition of H. atratus were found on the brown rice planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Formation of the lobe and digestive tract was observed in the eggs laid in N. lugens within 24hr after the oviposition, suggesting a countermeasure of the eggs to the defence reactions of the host. The embryos in N. lugens, however, were already encapsulated at this time, and development was thereafter interrupted.View full abstractDownload PDF (6212K) -
III. Experimental Consideration of Some Important Factors Related to Larval OverwinteringHiroichi MATSUURA, Atsushi NAITO, Atsushi KIKUCHI1991 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 65-69
Published: February 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe greatest degree of cold-hardiness and middle instar larvae were tested to clarify some necessary factors for larval overwintering. The important factors were periods of effective temperature for larval development and the presence of food plants during overwintering. The effective temperature of more than 0.9 day-degrees per day was required for larval survival. More effective temperature was required in accordance with the length of exposure time below 0°C per day. Larval death caused by chilling was correlated with intensity and duration of low temperature below 0°C. When the larvae were exposed to 0°C and -2°C for 5hr per day, there was no significant difference in the survival period between both temperature levels. Longer exposure (e.g. 10hr per day) clearly decreased the surviving rete even at -2°C. The low temperature of -5°C was a low critical point because the larvae were not able to survive more than 45 days.View full abstractDownload PDF (620K) -
Hajimu TAKADA1991 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 71-76
Published: February 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGall development of Schlechtendalia chinensis on Rhus javanica and emergence of alatae from galls were studied at Kyoto. The gall was formed in mid May to early June and slit open in mid October to early November. The maximum length, width and height of three galls marked were measured weekly during the period from gall formation to opening. An index of the gall surface area, which was calculated from these length data, increased exponentially till early September (when the host plant flowered) and then did with decreasing rates of increase till the end of September. After the beginning of October the gall stopped developing. Fundatrices (the first generation within the gall) began to larviposit in late June and the second generation in late July. The alatiform final generation arrived at the third larval instar in mid September. It seems that one apteriform generation can develop during August. Consequently, I conclude that there were at least four generations within the gall. Fifteen galls examined in October contained 1, 343 to 8, 438 alatae (including alatiform larvae). From two galls observed alatae emerged for 11 and 13 days, and the emergence was found between 9:00 and 17:00 usually with maximum numbers between 12:00 and 13:00.View full abstractDownload PDF (637K) -
Sachiko YOSHII1991 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 77-79
Published: February 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMating behavior of Euproctis similis (FUESSLY) was observed under both laboratory and field conditions. Mating started 2 to 5hr after the lights were off and continued for 156min in the laboratory (23°C, 16L-8D), whereas it began 0.5 to 3hr after sunset and continued for 162min in the field. The maximum mating rates were recorded with 3 to 4 day-old moths.View full abstractDownload PDF (380K) -
Tsutomu SAITO1991 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 80-81
Published: February 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1555K) -
Isamu SHIMIZU1991 Volume 35 Issue 1 Pages 83-91
Published: February 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1401K)
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