1. In the view point from the importance of forest protection, forest therapies by the removal of bark and burning methods are more primitive than the modern control by insecticidal mixtures. The authors attempted to find the most practical control by insecticidal mixtures in the pine forests infested by bark beetles in the areas of the southern Chiba and Kanagawa during 1962 to 63.
2. Insecticidal mixtures such as Neo-Barkcide (Diazinon, Lindane and EDB-mixture) and Barkcide (Lindane and EDB-mixture) in oil or emulsion were formulated from the viewpoint of the joint action among insecticide ingredients, and examined their insecticidal properties against the bark beetles. The survey for insecticidal evaluation was observed at 18 to 22 days after spraying to pine logs. Bark beetles in dead pine logs (Pinus Thunbergii and P. densiflora) are: Cryphalus fulvus, Ips angulatus, Myelophilus piniperda, Shirahoshizo rufescens, Pissodes obscurus, Sipalus hypocrita, Monochamus alternatus and Criocephalus rusticus.
3. Neo-Barkcide and Barkcide were the most effective against bark beetles than the other formulations tested. Dilution ratios and amounts of spraying in practical applications were 10 times of the initial original formulation and 400 to 600ml/m² per pine bark in oil solution and 10 to 20 times and 500 to 600ml/m² in emulsion respectively in case of logs, collected branches and root treatments. In general, the oil solutions had higher effectiveness than in the form of emulsions.
4. Species-specificity to test mixtures in descending order is as follows: C. fulvus>I. angulatus>M. alternatus>S. rufescens. The formulations containing γ-BHC and EDB were to be indicated well control even in the winter spraying and recognized as tendency of the positive temperature coefficient. No general rule was observed in relationship between the thickness of bark and effectiveness of insecticidal mixtures.

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Physiological effect of apholate on the hatching of eggs deposited by the treated female×normal male and the normal female×treated male has been compared. The linear relations between the concentration of apholate in logarithms x and the per cent hatching in probits y for both treatment series were calculated simultaneously by the method enumerated by FINNEY. Median effectiveconcentration of apholate inhibiting the hatching of eggs deposited by the former treatment series was 0.1506% (0.1173∼0.1844%) and that of the latter treatment series was 0.2219% (0.1733∼0.2715%). It could be concluded that the female is ca 1.47 times as susceptible as the male at the same concentration of apholate.

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Carbohydrates, crude fat, α-glycerophosphate and lactate, in the male American cockroach poisoned by ethylene dibromide (EDB), 1, 2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) and cis-1, 3-dichloropropene (cis-D), were determined. The roaches poisoned by EDB or monoiodoacetate utilized a small amount of carbohydrates as compared with the untreated insect, but the roaches poisoned by DBCP or cis-D utilized much more carbohydrates than the untreated roach. There was no difference in the utilization of crude fat between the insects poisoned by EDB, DBCP or cis-D and the untreated insect. Lactate accumulated much more in the insects poisoned by potassium cyanide, DBCP or EDB than the untreated insect, but no quantitative difference was observed between the insects poisoned by cis-D or monoiodoacetate and the untreated insect. α-Glycerophosphate accumulated much more in the roaches poisoned by potassium cyanide or cis-D than the untreated insect, but did not accumulate in the insect poisoned by EDB or DBCP.
Inhibitory effects of EDB on the enzymes involved in the Embden-Meyerhof sequence were studied, using the preparation extracted from the American cockroach coxae with 0.9 per cent potassium chloride solution.
Hexokinase, phosphohexose isomerase, phosphofructokinase, α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, triosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, enolase and lactic dehydrogenase were not inhibited by EDB at a level of 10^-3M in vitro.
Triosephosphate dehydrogenase was inhibited by EDB both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro inhibition was about 79 per cent at final concentration 10^-4M of EDB. In vivo inhibition of triosephosphate dehydrogenase by EDB was parallel to the development of poisoning symptom, and about 58 per cent inhibition of the enzyme was observed at the stage of paralysis of the roach. Therefore, the inhibition toward triosephosphate dehydrogenase might be important for the toxicity of EDB to the cockroach.
Triosephosphates, consisted of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate, accumulated in the poisoned roaches with either EDB or monoiodoacetate, twice as much as in the untreated roach.
When the enzyme preparation had been preincubated with a higher concentration of glutathione (GSH) (final concentration of 1.2×10^-4M) and EDB for 30 minutes at 0°C, triosephosphate dehydrogenase was inhibited only slightly by EDB, whereas the enzyme was inhibited highly by EDB if the final concentration of GSH was reduced to 1.2×10^-6M. When the enzyme activity was determined immediately after the addition of GSH preincubated with EDB for 30 minutes at room temperature, the inhibitory effect of EDB increased accompanying with the rise of EDB concentration, although it was lower than the preincubation of the enzyme with GSH and EDB.
Chemical reaction of EDB with GSH may occur, but it seems to be less than the reaction of EDB with triosephosphate dehydrogenase. EDB inhibited the enzyme activity in the presence of GSH, and the inhibiton appeared gradually with the incubation time. It is likely that the inhibition was proceeded by the reaction of EDB with SH-group of the enzyme.
DBCP and cis-D did not inhibit the activities of triosephosphate dehydrogenase in vitro. Ethylene iodide inhibited the triosephosphate dehydrogenase activity in vitro as like as EDB, while ethylene dichloride did not inhibit the enzyme,

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This paper intends to report three behaviour patterns manifected by individual and interrelation between them.
The aggregation of worm is performed succeedingly with three periods as primary, middle, and end period in an hour or so.
In the primary period, each individual works actively with swing movement of frontal two segments. At first, the worm does'nt move from proper situation, but after a few minutes, it moves as if to catch the direction of comming ordor stimulus, and approaches to the other individual to become contact with it. After they have contacted, they show a posture as they had recognized each existence by their appendages of the head such as antennae, maxillary palpi and thoracic legs. These appendages are used to do main role for keep them in continuous contact. This primary period generally appears in beginning to 10∼20 minutes, and lasts within 30 minutes.
The next middle period is not clearly expressed with time. This period belongs to a growing phase of two individuals to become larger groups. In this period each individual moves very actively crossing or mounting their body each other with minute action of the appendages of head and thoracic legs. The middle period lasts in very short time and soon enters to the end period.
The end period is a time of stabilization of the final group in which individuals become almost immobile. They take a resting posture keeping up their head part or frontal two segments and extending their thoracic legs frontward. After they fall in the resting condition, the internal physiological processes seem to go very active because one of their example is shown by increased frequency of pellet excretion.
The behaviour patterns to make up contact grouping in the above mentioned three periods are classified orderly into next 7 types, 1) approaching with head movement to the other worm's head, 2) approaching with head movement to the other worm's caudal leg, 3) approaching with head movement to the other worm's body side, 4) putting the body crossing on the other worm, 5) contacting each other in parallel form with same direction, 6) contacting each other in reverse direction, 7) contacting with caudal part of each individual. The types of 1, 2 and 3, appear almost in the primary period, 4 in middle, 5, 6 and 7, in the end period.
Appearance of the behaviour pattern of fasting worms are almost same as normal one, but the time of succession from one type to the other is not longer than in the case of the former. At first the worm usually contact very rapidly and if they separate, they repeat the same manner to contact again as to make aggregation. The fasted individual is attracted by the normally fed worms evidently.
The author assumes that the aggregative behaviour of the silk-worm appears prominently when they go to feeding of the mulberry leaves and enter to resting condition. It is well known that the silk-worm is one of the most domesticated insect, so that the gregarious behaviour must be a special character which has been kept through long domestication.

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The slope of the dosage-mortality regression line for the resistant strain for DDT in acetone with oil was greater than that for DDT in acetone alone. The two composite regression lines cross each other at a dosage of about 6.2μg per fly; for dosages above this point DDT was found to be more toxic in acetone with oil than in acetone alone. At lower dosages, it was more toxic in acetone alone than in acetone with oil.

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Soy bean pod gall fly is widely distributed in all over the Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu and their surrounding small islands, but not distributed in the Hokkaido, therefore, northern limit of the distribution lies between Honshu and Hokkaido. Southern limit of the distribution was unable to elucidate in this survey, however, the most southern district of the confirmed distribution is Tanegashima Island, and this species has not been recorded in any southern islands other than Tanegashima.
This insect is not known to be distributed in Korea, Formosa and China, and also in the other regions of the world. This species seems to be a peculiar insect in Japan.
Generally, this insect pest is abundant in warmer regions and soy bean is heavily infested by the pest in the area of annual mean temperature above 14°C. But only a few damages caused by the pest are observed in cooler regions below 11°C. It will be able to say that the population of this insect gradually decreases towards northern cold region.

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Thanatosis are death feigning may be induced in Aphodius by applying the mechanical stimulus such as needle to the thorax on the dorsal side or the ventral side. During thanatosis state the insects assume a posture which somewhat resembles to that of coccinellids; the femora, tibia and tarsi of the legs fold on each other and the antennae do not press to the head but take up the normal position. The termination of thanatosis is instantaneous like coccinellids; the antennae do not show any movement but the legs straight way start moving with jerk.
The insect does not show any symptom of pain during thanatosis state.
There appears to be a relation between the intensity of the stimulus and the duration of thanatosis, as the different periods of death feigning are recorded on subjecting the beetles to mechanical stimuli of different grades.
A decline in the duration of thanatosis takes place on subjecting the insects to repeated applications of the same stimulus, probably due to the approach of the fatigue stage.
Like Carausius morosus the beetles, under long exposures of light at fixed level of illumination run into a prolonged state of thanatosis thereby exhibit their sensitivity to the light.
At low temperature since the insects become inactive they show an increase in the duration of death feigning which decreases when the temperature is raised as they get excited.
The insects terminate thanatosis earlier than the normal period on subjecting them to heat radiation while they are in thanatosis state.
The starved beetles as they become inactive show an unusual rise in the duration of death feigning.

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Longidorus pisi n. sp. found in the rhizophere of pea in India, is distinguished from the closely related species, L. brevicaudatus (SCH. STEKHOVEN, 1951) THORNE, 1961 by the presence of smooth body cuticle, smaller body size and head and more anteriorly located guiding ring.

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A new species of Paralongidorus collected from the rhizospheres of species of Ficus in Uttar Pradesh, India is described. It is distinguished from the closely related species, P. citri (SIDDIQI, 1959) SIDDIQI, 1963, in having smaller body length, shorter spear with basal flanges not distinctly swollen, more anteriorly located guiding ring and nerve ring.

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Experiments were carried out to determine if the factor(s) in wheat plants responsible for resistance of the plant to the corn leaf aphid varied with plant maturity. No difference in mortality and fecundity of the aphid was noted on barley plants of various maturities, which are favourable host plants for this aphid.
On the other hand, aphids reared on young wheat plants had a higher mortality and a lower fecundity than those on old plants, showing that resistance of wheat plants to aphid attack is highest in the seedling stage and decreases with plant maturity. The resistance of wheat to aphids, however, does not disappear completely, at maturity.
Two explanations are suggested: wheat has a single resistant factor, the activity of which is highest in seedlings and decreases with age, not disappearing completely even in mature plants; and several factors affect resistance of wheat to aphids, one present throughout life, the other age-dependent and present only in the early stages.
Both newly-emerged shoots and mature aerial parts from old wheat roots were less resistant to the aphid than wheat seedlings, indicating that the age-dependent factor is not related to the age of the aerial parts on which aphids live, but is determined by the age of whole plant. This observation suggests that the agedependent resistant factor may have a certain relationship to the endosperm substance in wheat seed.

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The insecticidal properties of synthetic nereistoxin (4-N, N-dimethylamino-1, 2-dithiolane) hydrogen oxalate on houseflies, German cockroaches, azuki bean weevils, rice stem borers, soy bean aphids, spider mites, mulberry mealy bugs and several species of leaf-chewing insects were investigated.
There were some differences in the toxicity even to a single species due to differences between the methods of administration. In general, it appeared that the oral toxicity of nereistoxin was higher than the contact toxicity. Although some of the knocked down insects revived from knockdown effect of nereistoxin, it was apparent the killing effect was higher against plant-chewing insects, such as rice stem borers, common cabbage worms, diamond-back moths, etc.
Aphids and mites were considerably tolerant to nereistoxin. The killing effect of topically applied nereistoxin was higher on rice stem borers than on houseflies and German cockroaches. Accordingly, the difference of the permeability of nereistoxin to the cuticle between rice stem borers and houseflies was presumed.
The spray test conducted with the larvae of rice stem borer suggested the possibility of existence of new insecticidal compounds which will be derived from nereistoxin and effective to control the borers in practical fields.
The toxic symptoms which were brought by nereistoxin were very much dissimilar to those by organic phosphorus and chlorinated insecticides. This indicates the difference of the mechanism of insecticidal action between nereistoxin and other insecticides.

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1. A vine plant, Actinidia polygama MIQ. is highly attractive to the male lace wing, Chrysopa septenpunctata WESMAEL even though both sexes distributed in fields.
2. Active principle for the male lace wing is neutral substance(s) of ether extract, and is steam-distillable. It differs from isoiridomyrmecin and may differ from iridomyrmecin.
3. Receptors for the attractant locate in antennae of the male adult, since after removal of the antennae no response occurred to the attractant.

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[in Japanese]

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