巻号一覧
36 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1～5を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
親子隣接ペア住宅における住生活菊沢 康子, 太田 武夫, 大原 啓志, 和気 健三, 大坂 多恵子1981 年 36 巻 3 号 p. 577-583
発行日: 1981/08/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーA housing development offering apartments for young families and their elderly parents is one new kind of public housing being provided by some local governments in Japan. Such developments offer an apartment designed for an elderly couple to live independently from their adult children, although the two groups live as neighbors. This type of public housing has been in use since 1972.
From 1977 through 1979, the authors conducted interviews of residents in the apartment buildings managed by thelocal governments of the cities of Fukuoka, Osaka and Kyoto, and of Kyoto Prefecture. The authors questioned the residents on their daily activities, including cooking, having meals, watching TV, doing the laundry and housekeeping, in order to plan better housing to meet the needs of both the elderly and the young.
The interviews indicate that the ability of the elderly couple to live separately and to carry out daily activities largely depended on physical and economic factors, and on prior living conditions.
As a result, the authors feel that public housing should be reviewed, taking into consideration the possibility of changes in the physical and economic situation of the elderly couple, and also of the death of one spouse, some or all of which may occur after the move to the new housing.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (942K) -
(I) 圧縮強度について御輿 久美子, 青木 善也, 車谷 典男, 森山 忠重, 南斎 征夫1981 年 36 巻 3 号 p. 584-595
発行日: 1981/08/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe present investigation aims at establishing the minimum dose of cadmium at which bone lesions can be caused, using the mechanical strength test as the determining factor. We examined the compressive strength of femurs of rats to which 0 (control group), 1, 5 or 10ppm cadmium respectively had been administered in drinking water over a four-week period. When a bone was compressed longitudinally to its axis, the ultimate compressive loads at the distal end and at the diaphysis were obtained. The ultimate loads were transformed into reduced compressive stresses by using either the femoral wet weight or the approximate diameter of the femur. From femoral wet weight, the compressive stresses significantly decreased in the case of the 10ppm Cd group, as compared with controls. However, compressive stresses from the approximate diameters of the femurs significantly decreased in the case of both the 5 and 10ppm groups, as compared with controls, and the dosage response relationship was clearly seen at the epiphyses.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5021K) -
第2編 自動車排気ガス汚染と学童の自覚症状の関係柳楽 翼, 久繁 哲徳, 久米 行則, 上野 満雄, 山本 真, 青山 英康, 車谷 典男1981 年 36 巻 3 号 p. 596-612
発行日: 1981/08/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーRecent rapid motorization in Japan has posed the serious problem of air pollution caused by automobile exhaust.
Route 43, the national highway linking Osaka and Kobe for a length of 30km, has the highest congestions of vehicular traffic in Japan and runs through densely residential areas. Children in schools located along this highway have been found to have increasing rates of respiratory disorders.
NO2 concentrations near Route 43 have exceeded the short-term exposure limit (0.10-0.17ppm), proposed as the guideline for the protection of public health by WHO Task Group, which also recommended that this limit be stricter for sensitive subjects such as children and that consideration be made for the interaction of NO2 with other pollutants.
In 1979, the authors polled children concerning respiratory, rhinopharyngeal and eye disorders in two elementary schools facing Route 43 and one school in a non-polluted area, using a self-administered questionnaire.
Occurrence of these illnesses was analyzed in term of (1) the distance between children's homes and the highway, (2) grade in school and (3) the direction their homes faced, using “score methods” for tests of the linear trend of prevalence.
Results were as follows:
1. Children attending the two polluted schools had higher rates of disorders relating to bronchial asthma, recurrent respiratory infection and allergies than those at the school in the non-polluted area. The highest occurrence was found where there was the most pollution, Seido Elementary School.
2. A close relationship was found between the prevalence of such conditions and distance from the highway-the closer the children lived, the more frequent were their illnesses. The authors demonstrated that this gradient for the occurrence of respiratory and eye disorders corresponded to the level nitrogen oxides.
3. Air conditioners furnished at schools appeared to have some remedying effect on these disorders.
4. Children who lived south of the highway had higher rates of disease. This was caused by higher concentration of exhaust carried at night by northerly winds.
The authors have discussed the relationship between automobile exhaust and the above findings mentioned. They concluded that there seemed to be a correspondence between such findings and the adverse effects of NO2 exposure on experimental animals and/or man, such as an increase in susceptibility to respiratory infection, immunological effects and an increased incidence of respiratory disorders, as recently reported.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2523K) -
杉山 雅俊1981 年 36 巻 3 号 p. 613-620
発行日: 1981/08/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe influence of repeated exposure to low or high ambient temperatures on the immune response was studied in mice following a single injection of sheep red cells. Male dd-strain mice, weighing 15 to 19g were raised in aclimatic chamber at 25±1°C and 60%RH, with light from 0700 to 1900 (LD 12:12). After three weeks acclimation, the mice were randomly divided into control and experimental groups, and both groups were immunized with sheep red cells (6.6×107/g body weight). The experimental group was then exposed repeatedly to temperatures of 8°C, 33°C, 36.5°C. Both control and experimental mice were sacrificed to collect sera and spleen samples.
Hemmagglutination (HA) and hemolytic reaction (HR) tests were carried out. Plaque-forming cells (PFC) in the spleen were counted, and antibody formation was compared to that in the control group.
The following results obtained:
1) The immune response was suppressed in mice exposed over eight hours a day to 36.5°C temperatures. However, when the duration was fixed at four hours a day, the immune response increased, as the number of periods of exposure increased (i.e. 4hrs ×1, 2hrs ×2 and 1hrs ×4).
2) No significant change in the immune response was found in mice exposed to 33°C temperatures.
3) Exposure two hours a day to 8°C temperatures increased the immune response, while exposures of over eight hours a day suppressed it. A daily exposure of four hours enhanced the immune response only slightly over that of the control group. The results suggest that the turning point at which the immune response begins to increase or decrease falls within an exposure to 8°C of between four and eight hours. When the duration was fixed at four hours a day, the immune response increased as the number of periods of exposure increased, as in the case of 36.5°C.
The above experiment has demonstrated that the effects of exposure to heat or cold on the immune response depends not only on the temperature level, but also on the frequency of its change.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1100K) -
呉 国用, 和田 攻1981 年 36 巻 3 号 p. 621-629
発行日: 1981/08/30
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe aim of this study was to identify a low molecular weight chromium-binding substance (LMW Cr) in the organs of mammals and to clarify the substance's significant role in the detoxication and excretion of absorbed chromium.
The results obtained were as follows:
1. LMW Cr was purified from the livers of dogs. Two subfractions were obtained and labelled LMW Cr I and II. Their total molecular weight was estimated at approximately 1, 500. Fine crystals of the two subfractions were obtained by repeated recrystallization.
2. The two-weeks LD50 value of LMW Cr I in mice (i.p.) was 134.9mg/kg. This value was much higher than those of K2Cr(VI)2O7 and Cr(III)Cl3⋅6H2O.
3. Urinary excretion rates of K2Cr2O7 and CrCl3⋅6H2O in rabbits 380min after i.v. injection of a single dose (200μg chromium/kg body weight) were 14.49% and 23.63%, respectively. Whereas the rate of LMW Cr was 64.44%
4. Renal clearance rates of LMW Cr were remarkably high when compared with those of K2Cr2O7 and CrCl3⋅6H2O.
5. Chromium in the forms of K2Cr2O7 and CrCl3⋅6H2O was almost completely reabsorbed from renal tubules, whereas the tubular reabsorption rate of LMW Cr was calculated at 23.54%.
6. Concentrations of chromium in the tissues of mice after i.p. injection of a single dose of LMW Cr (500μg chromium/kg body weight) were lower than those of K2Cr2O7 and CrCl3⋅6H2O.
These findings indicate that there exists a low molecular weight chromium-binding substance in the tissues of mammals which binds absorbed chromium in a specific chemical form, and that this substance plays an important role in the detoxication and excretion of chromium.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2945K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|