The purpose of this study was to examine the postrepair ambulation level and factors effecting ambulation for improvement and/or decline of the elderly with femoral neck fracture. The subjects were 98 survivor among of the 321 patients, discharged from the orthopedic department of Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, during past eleven years.
A questionnaire and an interview survey was conducted. Main items of questionnaire were the elderly's present ambulation level (such as full ambulant to no ambulant, 4 levels) and the abilities of daily living (ADL, such as eating, 8 items) Comparative studies were made on the ambulation level between at the time of discharge and the present time.
Results: 1) The subjects were characterized by average age 82 years old, one male versus seven female and significantly low level of ADL. 2) There was noted 71% of the improvement and was a significant among each of the postoperative year. 3) Significant factor of effecting the ambulation level was noted in their ADL. Those results imply that in taking care of the elderly with femoral neck fracture, we have to pay attention to their ambulation level and their abilities of daily living, in order to help them live their lives as fully as possible.

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　The quality of discomfort perceived in maintaning fixed position was examined in 8 healthy female adults. The subjects were required to maintain supine position on "TATAMI" for 120 minutes without body movement. Discomfort complained by the subjects were analyzed semi-quantitatively. "Numbness" and "pain" were the most frequent complains which were followed by "itching", "feeling of dullness", "sleepiness" and "irritabitity" subsequently. "Numbness" and "pain" were increased gradually with time, whereas "sleepiness" and "itching" were increased during certain period and decreased gradually. It was noticed that the "pain" complaint was markedly increased during the last 30 minutes, which showed the pain sensation was increased cumulatively without relief. The "pain" complaint appeared firstly on the back of the head in almost all of the subjects. The most frequent site of pain during the experimental period is the back of head followed by the heels and the hips. Individual differences observed in complaints were discussed in relation to the characteristics of the body size.

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Preventing bedsore is one of the vital problem in nursing care. Various medical devices have been devised to solve this problem.
In this study we have exprimented on M・I model mattress designed to equalize body pressure on the skin and reduce local pressure concentrations.
(M-I model mattress)
This model is constructed in the new form which is bilined up each 20 pieces of pillar-shaped Urethane formation (10×10×45cm). And we can make the optional space on this mattress by pulling out few pieces of these of biside, where is pinched high risk position of bed sore, example sacural.
(Test condition)
　1. Materials (Urethane mattress)
a. Type.1 (basic model) 10/10/45cm (specific gravity 15.5kg)
b. Type.2 (double size model) 20/20/45cm (specific gravity 15.5kg＋12.0kg)
c. Type.3 (double size model) 20/20/45cm (specific gravity 15.5kg＋13.0kg)
(Test item)
1. Distribution of body pressure in the hip megion
2. Temperature and humidity changes on the sacral portion (60minuteslying)
3. Analysis of lying posture by picture.
(Test results)
Type.1, under pulling out about 16cm wide, was effective in preventing lasting ischemia.
Effective width of pulling out in Type.2, 3 was shorter than Type.1
Lying posture in Type.2, 3 was better than Type.1.
Type.3, under pulling out about 8cm wide, was the most effective in preventing bedsores in all results.
The expriments on M-I model mattress have shown that they are effective in preventing lasting ischemia as they equalize body pressure concentrations by making a open space under the spot where the incidence of bedsore is high.
In the future, this mattress should be studied from the view point of lying posture, temperature and humidity.

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To elucidate the mechanism which produced the maternal obesity, changes in gastrointestine weight, pancreatic amylase activity and trypsinogen activity were analyzed during pregnancy, lactation and weaning (recovery) periods using mice. Moreover, the preventive effects on maternal obesity by a high protein diet and an examination were studied. The results were as follows;
1) The maternal obesity was observed after weaning.
2) Even after weaning, a higher activity of pancreatic amylase was still observed. On the other hand, a lower activity of pancreatic trypsinogen was rather observed.
3) A hypertrophy of gastrointestine also was observed even after weaning.
4) Both high protein diet and examination were effective for preventing the maternal obesity.

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A total of 140 literatures on influence of a person's health disturbance on one's family were reviewed to identify (1) the crisis that family members of a person confront, and (2) the reported social supports of family members of a person. During the year of 1978 through, 86, 90 literatures on family, and 52 on social support were identified (two were overlapped). It was found that the numbers of the case-studies decreased, While the surveyor's reports increased. In Japan, many more case-studies than the surveyor's reports were published. In oversea, the opposit trend was observed. The problems studied were; (1) the influences of health disturbances of a person on one's family, (2) nursing activities given to the family, and (3) the needs for help perceived by the family. The research problems elicited from the literatures can be categorized into 4 subjects such as (1) the crisis that family confronts, (2) the supports seeked by the family, (3) the relations between the supports and the stages of illness, and (4) the social network. But generalization of the crisis confronted by the family and the social supports seeked by them is too eary because the data obtained are too small. As for the studies on social supports, most of them remain clarifying the concept.

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