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Volume 34 (2011)
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Volume 34, Issue 5
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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-- To Offer Continuing Education Programs for Professional Development --Toshiko Nakayama, Naomi Funashima2011 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 5_1-5_10
Published: December 01, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to develop a Learning Needs Assessment Tool for Midwives, which had well-established reliability and validity. Thirty items of the assessment tool were made based on the results of a qualitative study that showed the learning needs perceived by midwives. Content validity of the assessment tool was established by a panel of experts and a pilot study. The instrument packets, including the assessment tool and a demographic questionnaire, were distributed to the total of 1,185 midwives who work at hospitals, clinics and maternity homes in Japan. Sixty hundred and seventy two (56.7%) midwives responded of which 618 valid data were analyzed. Cronbach's alpha, a reliability coefficient of the assessment tool was .942. Test-retest reliability was .736 (p <.001). These results supported the internal consistency and the stability of the assessment tool. Midwives with clinical experiences from 20 years to 24 years had learning needs higher than midwives with clinical experiences under 5 years (t =－3.033, p = .003). Midwives with a clear and focused job objective had learning needs higher than midwives without a clear and focused job objective (t = 3.863, p = .001). These results supported the construct validity of the assessment tool by the known-group method.View full abstractDownload PDF (909K) -
Takami Kinsho, Masayo Toume, Eiko Noguchi, Chinatsu Takeuchi2011 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 5_11-5_19
Published: December 01, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of the present study was to elucidate the process by which patients repeatedly endure restrictions on consumption of their favorite items, specifically cigarettes, alcohol, and salt, which are often restricted due to their harmful effects on health. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on 15 patients with ischemic heart disease, nephrosis, alcoholic liver cirrhosis, or asthma, and data were analyzed using Kinoshita's modified grounded theory approach. The results revealed a process in which patients repeatedly "endured restrictions on consumption of favorite items" and "temporarily endured restrictions following exacerbation of illness, hospitalization, or other environmental factors", and thereby "realized that they were unable to quit consuming their favorite items" and then "developed a wish to quit consumption of favorite items". These findings indicate that even as patients repeatedly endure restrictions on favorite items and realize their dependence on these items in daily life, they develop a desire to quit consuming their favorite items and to continue living after their conditions deteriorate and they realize that failure to restrict consumption could be fatal.View full abstractDownload PDF (955K) -
Eiko Hagiwara, Tamae Futawatari2011 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 5_21-5_30
Published: December 01, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe conducted semi-structured interviews of 10 patients with breast cancer by using the modified grounded theory approach (M-GTA) to clarify how the patients become aware of a breast cancer, how they identify it, and how they arrive at a treatment decision. The cognitive process consists of 2 aspects. (1) Being aware of, but negating, the possibility of a cancer: the patients estimate that they have a cancer, but they negate the possibility and hope that they do not have a cancer. (2) Facing the fact that they have a cancer and giving it due consideration: the patients are convinced that they have cancer once they are notified; as a result, their perception about the disease changes and they alter their way of life accordingly. Therefore, understanding the patients' conflicts and annoyances, persuading the patients to express their feelings, providing the patients with accurate information, promoting an understanding of the situation, putting the experiences in order by speaking out, and supporting the patients to establish a new value are very important.View full abstractDownload PDF (1019K) -
-- On the Problems of the Smoking Cessation Support --Mayumi Nitta, Minoru Itayama, Manami Amagai2011 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 5_31-5_40
Published: December 01, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe rate of smokers in patients with psychiatric diseases is higher than in healthy individuals. However, currently, there is no active guidance available for them on smoking cessation. The objective of this study is to discuss what will be the most effective method to support smoking cessation in schizophrenia patients with the focus on their awareness of smoking cessation and smoking-cessation inhibitory factors. The study was conducted during the period from May 7 to May 31, 2008. The subjects included 16 schizophrenia patients who are smoking and treated at outpatient clinics in hospitals or daycare centers. A semi-structured interview was performed, and the KJ method was used for analysis. The study revealed that there are 10 groups that account for awareness of smoking cessation and smoking-cessation inhibitory factors in schizophrenic patients. The awareness of smoking cessation included the following: "the patient feels uncomfortable in society as a smoker". The smoking-cessation inhibitory factors included the following: "cigarette smoking provides a reason for living, enrichment, joy and even the feeling of achievement in his/her daily life". It was thought important to make interventions to improve their QOL, to involve society to support them, and to establish purposes of smoking cessation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1043K) -
Mayumi Suganuma, Mitsuko Sato2011 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 5_41-5_49
Published: December 01, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of caregiving appraisals and coping strategies for family caregivers of persons with dementia. The method used to assess 401 primary caregivers who live with and care for the relatives with dementia was a questionnaire administered by day-care centers. The response rate was 60.3% (N=242).
The result showed that the caregivers who were able to cope with persons with dementia had high positive appraisal (p=.000), low negative appraisal (p=.001), and were utilizing various coping strategies (p=.000). The caregivers who were unable to manage the symptoms of dementia responded mainly by answering "do not understand the symptoms of dementia" (p=.000), and "do not have a person to consult" (p=.032). As for the relation between caregiving appraisals and the coping strategies, the positive appraisal had relatively positive correlation with the coping strategies (p<.01), and the negative appraisal had rather negative correlation with such strategies (p<.01).
These findings suggest that in order to increase positive appraisals and diminish negative appraisals, it is needed to assist caregivers to become capable of handling the symptoms of dementia, and to utilize various coping strategies.View full abstractDownload PDF (857K) -
Takayuki Kumasaka, Mika Kataoka, Hideo Masu2011 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 5_51-5_57
Published: December 01, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the present study, animal-assisted activities were conducted for terminal cancer patients hospitalized in a palliative care unit with the objective of improving their QOL, and the patients' experiences were investigated to determine the meaning of interacting with animals during hospitalization as well as nursing assistance that incorporates this meaning. Semi-structured interviews were conducted following the end of animal-assisted activities using a cross-sectional descriptive design. Patients who participated in animal-assisted activities experienced the following through the human-animal bond as well as interactions with animals and other participants: "gaining a sense of comfort through the presence of animals", "healing from the live animals themselves", "release from pain", "feeling more at ease", and "confirmation that they are alive". In addition, through these experiences, patients appeared to gain a stronger sense of their own existence.
These results suggest that animal-assisted activities in palliative care units are an effective intervention for releasing patients from the tension and feelings of isolation and loneliness that arise from physical and emotional pain, strengthening their sense of existence, and improving their QOL.View full abstractDownload PDF (809K) -
Nariko Chuman, Yoko Doi2011 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 5_59-5_69
Published: December 01, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the psychological and behavioral reactions of type 2 diabetes patients to insulin treatment, 20 patients who were treated with insulin for more than 1 year were enrolled in the study. The contents of those interviews were recorded and verbatim transcripts were prepared. Five categories were extracted using continuous comparative analysis for each sentence. Patients initially had a "negative feeling about insulin treatment" upon hearing they would be undergoing such treatment. Later on, patients came to possess a feeling of "a change in understanding insulin treatment through obtaining knowledge on the treatment" and made a "decision to initiate insulin treatment". Through the experience of insulin self-injections, patients developed a feeling of "obtaining confidence on the self-injection of insulin" and their attitude switched to a more positive tone by expressing "will and action of continue insulin treatment". Through focusing on psychological and behavioral problems at the initial stage of treatment, it is important to provide patients with information that is both accurate and that builds confidence, and to provide the necessary support that brings about a positive association of patients' recognition and attitude toward treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (951K) -
Estimation Based on Lower Gastrointestinal Series Imaging Findings in AdultsKayo Haruta, Akiko Yamahata, Kaoru Shinoda, Mayumi Ito, Kunio Kasugai, ...2011 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 5_71-5_75
Published: December 01, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral cases of rectal injury due to enema catheter insertion are reported annually. Such injuries may be related to the length of catheter insertion. Books on basic nursing techniques provide varying descriptions of catheter insertion. In this study, a picture of the lower digestive tract was used to estimate the distance between the anal verge and rectum in an adult lying in the left lateral recumbent position, the posture used during enema administration. Moreover, we assessed the safe length for catheter insertion.
Gender-based differences were not observed in the distance between the anal verge and rectum; therefore, we concluded that gender-based variations should not be considered. The distance between the anal verge and rectum tended to increase with age; the maximum and minimum values for this distance differed for each age group. Catheter insertion beyond 5.4 cm (sum of the anatomical length of the anal canal [2.5 cm] and the minimum measured distance [2.9 cm]) in the left lateral recumbent position can cause rectal injury. Therefore, we suggest that books on basic nursing techniques can assertively state 5.0 cm or less as the safe length for catheter insertion that does not harm the rectum.View full abstractDownload PDF (915K) -
Analysis of the Patients Who Have Peritoneal DialysisYoko Yamaguchi, Reiko Ariyoshi, Yoko Horiguchi2011 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 5_77-5_85
Published: December 01, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective is to elucidate the acceptance process of patients who selected peritoneal dialysis (PD), subsequently to find the standpoint for assisting the patients the diabetic nephropathy. 7 patients who treated with PD had semi-constructed interviews. During the introductory period there was "lack of awareness of their current renal function but relief of being treated" and after the appearance of uremia, it changed to "the awareness of the necessity for dialysis treatment due to abrupt change". During the period before introduction, they received an explanation for recommending PD and "understood the explanation for dialysis and urgency for the selection" and made "self-elected PD" while being "influenced to select PD". After the introduction, they felt "a decrease in QOL due to PD" while "putting effort in maintaining QOL due to PD" and "satisfied with experiencing PD" while "worrying about complications from PD" and "worrying about changing to renal dialysis". It is thought that the suggestion of the directionality of care in the PD selection was obtained by knowing these patient's acceptance processes.View full abstractDownload PDF (819K) -
Yuka Kondo, Kikuyo Koitabashi, Yukiko Kaneko, Shinobu Kobayashi2011 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 5_87-5_93
Published: December 01, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
-- A Review of the Hermeneutical Traditions After Dilthey and a Comparison between the German Originals and their Translational Variations in English and Japanese --Takao Nakaki, Hiroko Yatsu2011 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 5_95-5_103
Published: December 01, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objectives of this paper include, first, clarifying philosophical significance in "TAIKEN" (a traditionally translated Japanese word of German "Erlebnis") that German-speaking philosophers used as a key concept of their philosophy. The second objective is to discuss the meaning of "TAIKEN" and "KEIKEN" in nursing qualitative researches in Japan.
As a result of the literature-review written by Dilthey, Husserl, Heidegger, Shütz, and Gadamer, it was thought that "TAIKEN", the nursing researchers often explored in a qualitative way, means "SIN-TEKI-SEI" what Dilthey calls "Seelenleben", and "YUU-IMI-NA-TAIKEN" (Erlebnis als sinnhaftes) that was apprehend in retrospect by patients or nurses as research subjects. Furthermore, it was suggested that the researches which explored "TAIKEN" had the theoretical base in philosophy of life (Lebensphilosophie) and/or hermeneutics carried from Dilthey to Husserl, Heidegger, Shütz, and Gadamer.View full abstractDownload PDF (770K) -
Processes Used by Staff of Children Protection Institution to Develop Relations with Abused ChildrenYukiko Sato, Shiho Sato, Sanae Yamaguchi, Midori Furuse2011 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 5_105-5_114
Published: December 01, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSemi-structured interviews were conducted on 11 staff members of children protection institution, with the aim of identifying processes used by staff to develop relationships with children who have been abused. Interview data were analyzed using the modified grounded theory approach. The category "driving force to develop relationships" emerged from 'uneasiness concerning relationships', and included the subcategories, 'interpretation of the child's behavior', 'view of occupation of the staff member' and 'influence of other staff members'. In the category of staff members' "confidence in relationships", there was a shift from 'uneasiness concerning relationships' to 'conviction that the child will respond'. Influenced by the "driving force to develop relationships", the category "development of relationships" involved a shift from 'understanding the child' to 'relationship with the child based on principled policy'. This resulted in staff members' 'conviction that the child will respond'. These findings suggest that it is necessary to coordinate the "driving force to develop relationships" in cases where there is uneasiness regarding relationships with children.View full abstractDownload PDF (952K) -
Mayumi Kato2011 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 5_115-5_122
Published: December 01, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to describe subjective phenomena related to falls of elderly persons with dementia in a longterm care facility. The participants were two elderly women. The research was an observational study, but some objective data, such as degree of illumination and height of chair, were measured to gain additional explanations for subjective phenomena. Analyses were carried out based on an observational study of behavior, with advice from a mobility expert. Case A showed unstable sidesteps, indicating that the center of gravity was lateral to the body. Case B, who was wandering, mistook dining tables for logs in a dark hall where the degree of lux was zero to one. She might have experienced an optical illusion. The results of the study indicate that knowledge of not only human mobility as a science but also a perspective based on individual experience is required in order to describe subjective phenomena related to falls.View full abstractDownload PDF (908K) -
-- Toward Further Developments in Nursing Research --Yoshiko Nojima2011 Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 5_123-5_129
Published: December 01, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: March 05, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (825K)
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